Physics / Fizik
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/6
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Research Project Süperiletkenlerdeki Josephson girdap akısının terahertz ışıması(2008) Özyüzer, Lütfi; Okur, Salih; Tarı, Süleyman; Şimşek, Yılmaz; Ulucan, Savaş; Özdemir, Mehtap; Köseoğlu, Hasan[No Abstract Available]Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties of Magnetron Sputtered Ito/Ag Multilayers by Electro-Annealing(AVS, 2022) Uyanık, Zemzem; Türkoğlu, Fulya; Köseoğlu, Hasan; Ekmekçioğlu, Merve; Ata, Bengü; Demirhan, Yasemin; Özdemir, Mehtap; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, LütfiIndium tin oxide/silver/indium tin oxide (ITO/Ag/ITO) multilayers have attracted much attention to fulfill the growing need for high-performance transparent conducting oxide electrodes. To make these transparent multilayers work better, electro-annealing, which is a method of self-heating by electric current, can be effective. Moreover, the effect of current on ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers should be investigated to make sure that electronic devices will be reliable over their lifetime. In this study, ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer electrodes with varying Ag thicknesses were grown by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Structural, optical, and electrical properties of these multilayers were investigated before and after electro-annealing. Measurement results revealed that improved optical transmittance and sheet resistance can be obtained by the optimization of Ag thickness for the as-grown ITO/Ag/ITO layers. The highest figure of merit (FoM) value of 17.37 × 10−3 Ω−1 with optical transmittance of 85.15% in the visible region and sheet resistance of 11.54 Ω/□ was obtained for the Ag thickness of 16.5 nm for as-grown samples. The electro-annealing of as-grown ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers led to improved optical behavior of the multilayer structure over a wide spectral range, especially in the near-infrared range. Electro-annealing also provided an improvement in the crystallinity and sheet resistance of the electrodes. The improvement of the electrical and optical properties of the structure enabled a FoM of 23.07 × 10−3 Ω−1 with the optical transmittance of 86.80% in the visible region and sheet resistance of 10.52 Ω/□. The findings of this work provide proper knowledge of the properties of ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers under electrical current and suggest that the overall performance of the multilayers can be improved by the electro-annealing process.Article Citation - WoS: 39Citation - Scopus: 46Surface Free Energy Analysis of Ito/Au Multilayer Thin Films on Polycarbonate Substrate by Apparent Contact Angle Measurements(Elsevier, 2020) Özbay, Salih; Erdoğan, Nursev; Erden, Fuat; Ekmekçioğlu, Merve; Özdemir, Mehtap; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, LütfiA detailed surface free energy (SFE) knowledge of transparent conducing oxide (TCO)/metal/TCO electrodes is necessary for their applications related to surface wettability. However, SFE analysis of these surfaces has not been performed systematically previously. In this study, ITO and ITO/Au/ITO multilayer thin films were coated onto O-2 plasma treated polycarbonate (PC) substrates by magnetron sputtering. The wettability characteristics of untreated PC, O-2 plasma treated PC, ITO, Au interlayer, and ITO/Au/ITO multilayer thin films were evaluated by apparent contact angle measurements of nine different test liquids having various surface tensions. Following this, Lifshitz-van der Waals, acidic, basic, dispersive, and polar components of SFE were calculated using acidbase, geometric and harmonic mean approaches. In the present study, in which the significance of calculation methods and selected liquid pairs on SFE parameters were investigated, the effect of Au interlayer presence on SFE parameters were also evaluated simultaneously. The results showed that the total SFE values of ITO/Au/ITO multilayer thin films were found to be higher than that of ITO surface. The reasons behind this difference were discussed in terms of SFE components obtained using various liquid pairs by different methods. The results were also supported with XRD, XPS, AFM, and TEM analysis.Article Citation - WoS: 31Citation - Scopus: 33The Controllable Deposition of Large Area Roll-To Sputtered Ito Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications(Elsevier, 2020) Demirhan, Yasemin; Köseoğlu, Hasan; Türkoğlu, Fulya; Uyanık, Zemzem; Özdemir, Mehtap; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, LütfiIn the present study, using a large area roll-to-roll DC magnetron sputtering system deposition of ITO thin films on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates were achieved. In order to investigate the effect of growth conditions on the film properties all through the deposition process, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analysis have been accomplished in a governable way. The consequences of Oxygen partial pressure and film thickness on electrical, and optical properties of the films were determined. It was shown that the intensity of optical emission peaks are subjected to the discharge power and as well as the O-2/Ar flow ratio. Large area, uniform ITO films with relatively high transparency and low electrical resistivity (R(2)(<)50 Omega/sqr) were succesfully deposited on PET substrates. The significance of both the figure of merit (FOM) and the optical band gap values on the performance of different TCO thin films were addressed. In this work, the obtained results suggest that the overall performance is sufficient to implement the ITO films in photovoltaic and OLED applications. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 63Citation - Scopus: 72Ito/Au Multilayer Thin Films on Transparent Polycarbonate With Enhanced Emi Shielding Properties(Elsevier, 2020) Erdoğan, Nursev; Erden, Fuat; Astarlıoğlu, A. Taner; Özdemir, Mehtap; Özbay, Salih; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, LütfiITO/Au/ITO multilayer thin films were deposited onto polycarbonate substrate via magnetron sputtering technique without intentional heating. The deposition times of both ITO and Au layers were studied to optimize the overall transparency and conductivity. As-prepared thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and physical property measurement system. The optical measurement results revealed that the transmittance of the films were enhanced by increasing the gold deposition time up to 15 s. Beyond this point, further increasing the duration caused a decrease in optical transmittance. Upon optimization of the Au deposition time, the deposition duration of ITO layers was also studied to increase electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE). Maximum EMI SE in this work was measured as 26.8 dB, yielding 99.8% power attenuation, which was verified by simulation results.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 6A Comprehensive Study of Molybdenum Boats Behavior During Service Life for Continuous Thermal Evaporation Technique, Used in Thin Film Technology(Elsevier, 2020) Rouhi, Sina; Martinez-Medina, Jose Enrique; Özdemir, Mehtap; Ertuğrul, Mehmet; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, LütfiThe aim of this study is to calculate the optimum lifetime of Molybdenum (Mo) thermal evaporation boats for Copper (Cu) filling in thin film technologies. Three types of Mo boats with thicknesses of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 mm were used during the experiments under the high vacuum condition about 6.0 x 10(-6) Torr. The behavior of each boat was investigated by focusing on the total amount of evaporation material, operational time and applied power. Prior to the deposition process, material was loaded on the evaporation boat by two methods. In the first method, Cu wire was cut into 1 cm long, then every boat was filled with this amount of Cu material. The second alternative feeding method is to use a wire-feeder step motor, which refills boat with Cu wire during evaporation process. The latter one is very useful for continuous deposition process since there is no need to break the vacuum state. In both methods, however, the number of failures during operations increases after a series of experiments have been taken place because of boat aging. The results of failures have been analyzed by various methods, and it has been observed that thinner boats showed better stability for long time operation by continuous feeding technique.Article Citation - WoS: 33Citation - Scopus: 33Characterization of Thin Film Li0.5la0.5ti1-Xalxo3 Electrolyte for All-Solid Li-Ion Batteries(Elsevier, 2018) Ulusoy, Seda; Gülen, Sena; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Özdemir, MehtapSince addition of Al in Li0.5La0.5TiO3 has enhanced ionic conductivity in bulk materials, it is important to apply this material on all solid state thin film batteries. Because some of the good ionic conductors such as Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride (LiPON) are sensitive to oxygen and moisture and their application is limited, so amorphous Li0.5La0.5Ti1−xAlxO3 (LLTAlO) is a most promising candidate because of its stability. In this study, the crystalline LLTAlO targets were prepared changing the amount of x content by conventional solid state reactions. Using these targets, lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LLTO) thin film electrolytes were deposited on ITO/SLG substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering system in Ar atmosphere. The structural and compositional properties of targets and thin films were characterized by SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and XPS. It was found that all targets are crystalline while the thin films are amorphous. To understand the effect of Al doping on ionic conductivity, electrical measurements were done at room temperature by AC impedance spectroscopy forming ITO/LLTAlO/Al structure like capacitor. Highest ionic conductivity result, 0.96 × 10−6 S·cm−1, is obtained from the nominal thin film composition of Li0.5La0.5Ti1−xAlxO3 (x = 0.05) at room temperature measurements. Heat treatment is also conducted to investigate to understand its effect on ionic conductivity and the structure of the thin films. It is found that ionic conductivity enhances with annealing. Also, temperature dependent ionic conductivity measurements from 298 K to 385 K are taken in order to evaluate activation energy for Li-ion conduction.Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 17Effect of Substrate Rotation Speed and Off-Center Deposition on the Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Azo Thin Films Fabricated by Dc Magnetron Sputtering(American Institute of Physics, 2018) Türkoğlu, Fulya; Aygün, Gülnur; Köseoğlu, Hasan; Özdemir, Mehtap; Zeybek, S.; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Özdemir, Mehtap; Özyüzer, Gülnur Aygün; Özyüzer, LütfiIn this study, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The distance between the substrate and target axis, and substrate rotation speed were varied to get high quality AZO thin films. The influences of these deposition parameters on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the fabricated films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, and four-point probe techniques. The overall analysis revealed that both sample position and substrate rotation speed are effective in changing the optical, structural, and electrical properties of the AZO thin films. We further observed that stress in the films can be significantly reduced by off-center deposition and rotating the sample holder during the deposition. An average transmittance above 85% in the visible range and a resistivity of 2.02 × 10-3Ω cm were obtained for the AZO films.Article Citation - WoS: 35Citation - Scopus: 38Influence of Sulfurization Temperature on Cu2znsns4 Absorber Layer on Flexible Titanium Substrates for Thin Film Solar Cells(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2018) Buldu, Dilara Gökçen; Cantaş, Ayten; Türkoğlu, Fulya; Akça, Fatime Gülşah; Meriç, Ece; Özdemir, Mehtap; Tarhan, Enver; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Aygün, GülnurIn this study, the effect of sulfurization temperature on the morphology, composition and structure of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films grown on titanium (Ti) substrates has been investigated. Since Ti foils are flexible, they were preferred as a substrate. As a result of their flexibility, they allow large area manufacturing and roll-to-roll processes. To understand the effects of sulfurization temperature on the CZTS formation on Ti foils, CZTS films fabricated with various sulfurization temperatures were investigated with several analyses including x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman scattering. XRD measurements showed a sharp and intense peak coming from the (112) planes of the kesterite type lattice structure (KS), which is strong evidence for good crystallinity. The surface morphologies of our thin films were investigated using SEM. Electron dispersive spectroscopy was also used for the compositional analysis of the thin films. According to these analysis, it is observed that Ti foils were suitable as substrates for the growth of CZTS thin films with desired properties and the sulfurization temperature plays a crucial role for producing good quality CZTS thin films on Ti foil substrates.Article Citation - WoS: 42Citation - Scopus: 46Importance of Cds Buffer Layer Thickness on Cu2znsns4-Based Solar Cell Efficiency(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2018) Cantaş, Ayten; Türkoğlu, Fulya; Meriç, Ece; Akça, Fatime Gülşah; Özdemir, Mehtap; Tarhan, Enver; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Özyüzer, Gülnur AygünCu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were grown on Mo-coated soda lime glass (SLG) substrates by the sulfurization of DC magnetron-sputtered Zn, Sn and Cu metallic precursors under a sulfur atmosphere at 550 °C for 45 min. Understanding the composition and structure of the CZTS absorber layer is necessary to obtain efficient solar cells. With this aim, x-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the CZTS absorber layers. CZTS absorber films were obtained and found to be Cu-poor and Zn-rich in composition, which are both qualities desired for efficient solar cells. CdS was used as a buffer layer and was grown by the chemical bath deposition technique. The optical properties of CdS films on SLG were searched for using a spectroscopic ellipsometer and the results revealed that the bandgap increases with film thickness increment. CZTS-based solar cells with different CdS buffer layer thicknesses were prepared using a SLG/Mo/CZTS/CdS/ZnO/AZO solar cell configuration. The influence of the CdS buffer layer thickness on the performance of the CZTS solar cells was investigated. Device analysis showed that electrical characteristics of solar cells strongly depend on the buffer layer's thickness. Highly pronounced changes in V OC, fill factor and J SC parameters, which are the main efficiency limiting factors, with changing buffer layer thicknesses were observed. Our experiments confirmed that decreasing the CdS thickness improved the efficiency of CZTS solar cells down to the lowest thickness limit.