Physics / Fizik
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/6
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Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2In-Situ Thin Film Copper-Copper Thermocompression Bonding for Quantum Cascade Lasers(Springer, 2021) Rouhi, Sina; Özdemir, Mehtap; Ekmekçioğlu, Merve; Yiğen, Serap; Demirhan, Yasemin; Szerling, Anna; Kosiel, Kamil; Kozubal, Maciej; Kruszka, Renata; Prokaryn, Piotr; Ertuğrul, Mehmet; Reno, John L.; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, LütfiThe choice of metals, bonding conditions and interface purity are critical parameters for the performance of metal-metal bonding quality for quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). Here, we present a novel approach for the thermocompression bonding of Cu-Cu thin films on GaAs-based waveguides without having any oxide phase, contamination or impurities at the interface. We designed a hybrid system in which magnetron sputtering of Ta, thermal evaporation of Cu and Cu-Cu thermocompression bonding processes can be performed sequentially under high vacuum conditions. GaAs/Ta/Cu and Cu/Ta/GaAs structures were thermocompressionally bonded in our in-situ homebuilt bonding system by optimizing the deposition parameters and bonding conditions. The grown thin film and the obtained interfaces were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. The optimum Ta and Cu films' thicknesses were found to be about 20 nm and 500 nm, respectively. EDX analysis showed that the Ta thin film interlayer diffused into the Cu structure, providing better adhesivity and rigidity for the bonding. Additionally, no oxidation phases were detected at the interface. The best bonding quality was obtained when heated up to 430 degrees C with an applied pressure of 40 MPa during bonding process.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 3Compact Multilayer Thin-Film Color Filters and Direct Integration on White-Light Diodes for Color Conversion(Optical Society of America, 2021) Yiğen, Serap; Ekmekçioğlu, Merve; Özdemir, Mehtap; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, LütfiWe present highly efficient green, yellow, and red filters based on a metal-dielectric structure. The filters encompass only five layers of alternating zinc tin oxide and silver thin films that are grown on soda lime glass and white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using direct current magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The designed filters provide efficient color filtering in the visible spectrum. High purity colored light is obtained by direct application of filters on LEDs as color converters. The presented method offers an easy way for realizing different colors by tuning the thicknesses of layers in the structure. (C) 2021 Optical Society of AmericaArticle Citation - WoS: 33Citation - Scopus: 33Characterization of Thin Film Li0.5la0.5ti1-Xalxo3 Electrolyte for All-Solid Li-Ion Batteries(Elsevier, 2018) Ulusoy, Seda; Gülen, Sena; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Özdemir, MehtapSince addition of Al in Li0.5La0.5TiO3 has enhanced ionic conductivity in bulk materials, it is important to apply this material on all solid state thin film batteries. Because some of the good ionic conductors such as Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride (LiPON) are sensitive to oxygen and moisture and their application is limited, so amorphous Li0.5La0.5Ti1−xAlxO3 (LLTAlO) is a most promising candidate because of its stability. In this study, the crystalline LLTAlO targets were prepared changing the amount of x content by conventional solid state reactions. Using these targets, lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LLTO) thin film electrolytes were deposited on ITO/SLG substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering system in Ar atmosphere. The structural and compositional properties of targets and thin films were characterized by SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and XPS. It was found that all targets are crystalline while the thin films are amorphous. To understand the effect of Al doping on ionic conductivity, electrical measurements were done at room temperature by AC impedance spectroscopy forming ITO/LLTAlO/Al structure like capacitor. Highest ionic conductivity result, 0.96 × 10−6 S·cm−1, is obtained from the nominal thin film composition of Li0.5La0.5Ti1−xAlxO3 (x = 0.05) at room temperature measurements. Heat treatment is also conducted to investigate to understand its effect on ionic conductivity and the structure of the thin films. It is found that ionic conductivity enhances with annealing. Also, temperature dependent ionic conductivity measurements from 298 K to 385 K are taken in order to evaluate activation energy for Li-ion conduction.Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 17Effect of Substrate Rotation Speed and Off-Center Deposition on the Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Azo Thin Films Fabricated by Dc Magnetron Sputtering(American Institute of Physics, 2018) Türkoğlu, Fulya; Aygün, Gülnur; Köseoğlu, Hasan; Özdemir, Mehtap; Zeybek, S.; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Özdemir, Mehtap; Özyüzer, Gülnur Aygün; Özyüzer, LütfiIn this study, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The distance between the substrate and target axis, and substrate rotation speed were varied to get high quality AZO thin films. The influences of these deposition parameters on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the fabricated films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, and four-point probe techniques. The overall analysis revealed that both sample position and substrate rotation speed are effective in changing the optical, structural, and electrical properties of the AZO thin films. We further observed that stress in the films can be significantly reduced by off-center deposition and rotating the sample holder during the deposition. An average transmittance above 85% in the visible range and a resistivity of 2.02 × 10-3Ω cm were obtained for the AZO films.Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 18Study of Undoped and Indium Doped Zno Thin Films Deposited by Sol Gel Method(Springer Verlag, 2018) Medjaldi, M.; Touil, O.; Boudine, B.; Zaabat, M.; Halimi, O.; Sebais, M.; Özyüzer, LütfiIn this paper, we report the effects of Indium doping concentrations (from 0 to 10wt%) on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of deposited In doped ZnO (IZO) thin films prepared by the sol–gel method through the dip coating technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that all ZnO thin films have a polycrystalline nature with a hexagonal wurtzite phase with (002) as a preferential orientation. XRD results demonstrate that the particle size of ZnO decreased with the increase in Indium concentrations. Raman scattering spectra confirmed the wurtzite phase and the presence of intrinsic defects in our samples. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, confirmed the presence of zinc, oxygen and indium elements which is in agreement with XPS results. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the films exhibit defects-related visible emission peaks, with intensities differing owing to different concentrations of zinc vacancies. UV–Vis spectrometer measurements show that all the films are highly transparent in the visible wavelength region (≥ 70%) and presented two different absorption edges at about 3.21 eV and 3.7 eV, these may be correspond to the band gap of zinc oxide and indium oxide respectively.Article Citation - WoS: 35Citation - Scopus: 38Influence of Sulfurization Temperature on Cu2znsns4 Absorber Layer on Flexible Titanium Substrates for Thin Film Solar Cells(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2018) Buldu, Dilara Gökçen; Cantaş, Ayten; Türkoğlu, Fulya; Akça, Fatime Gülşah; Meriç, Ece; Özdemir, Mehtap; Tarhan, Enver; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Aygün, GülnurIn this study, the effect of sulfurization temperature on the morphology, composition and structure of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films grown on titanium (Ti) substrates has been investigated. Since Ti foils are flexible, they were preferred as a substrate. As a result of their flexibility, they allow large area manufacturing and roll-to-roll processes. To understand the effects of sulfurization temperature on the CZTS formation on Ti foils, CZTS films fabricated with various sulfurization temperatures were investigated with several analyses including x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman scattering. XRD measurements showed a sharp and intense peak coming from the (112) planes of the kesterite type lattice structure (KS), which is strong evidence for good crystallinity. The surface morphologies of our thin films were investigated using SEM. Electron dispersive spectroscopy was also used for the compositional analysis of the thin films. According to these analysis, it is observed that Ti foils were suitable as substrates for the growth of CZTS thin films with desired properties and the sulfurization temperature plays a crucial role for producing good quality CZTS thin films on Ti foil substrates.Article Citation - WoS: 42Citation - Scopus: 46Importance of Cds Buffer Layer Thickness on Cu2znsns4-Based Solar Cell Efficiency(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2018) Cantaş, Ayten; Türkoğlu, Fulya; Meriç, Ece; Akça, Fatime Gülşah; Özdemir, Mehtap; Tarhan, Enver; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Özyüzer, Gülnur AygünCu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were grown on Mo-coated soda lime glass (SLG) substrates by the sulfurization of DC magnetron-sputtered Zn, Sn and Cu metallic precursors under a sulfur atmosphere at 550 °C for 45 min. Understanding the composition and structure of the CZTS absorber layer is necessary to obtain efficient solar cells. With this aim, x-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the CZTS absorber layers. CZTS absorber films were obtained and found to be Cu-poor and Zn-rich in composition, which are both qualities desired for efficient solar cells. CdS was used as a buffer layer and was grown by the chemical bath deposition technique. The optical properties of CdS films on SLG were searched for using a spectroscopic ellipsometer and the results revealed that the bandgap increases with film thickness increment. CZTS-based solar cells with different CdS buffer layer thicknesses were prepared using a SLG/Mo/CZTS/CdS/ZnO/AZO solar cell configuration. The influence of the CdS buffer layer thickness on the performance of the CZTS solar cells was investigated. Device analysis showed that electrical characteristics of solar cells strongly depend on the buffer layer's thickness. Highly pronounced changes in V OC, fill factor and J SC parameters, which are the main efficiency limiting factors, with changing buffer layer thicknesses were observed. Our experiments confirmed that decreasing the CdS thickness improved the efficiency of CZTS solar cells down to the lowest thickness limit.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Comparison of Photocatalytic Properties of Tio2 Thin Films and Fibers(EDP Sciences, 2016) Özdemir, Mehtap; Kurt, Metin; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Aygün, GülnurEfficiency of solar panels degrades as a result of organic contamination such as airborne particles, bird droppings and leaves. Any foreign object on photovoltaic panels reduces the sunlight entering the absorbing surface of the solar panels. Since this leads to a major problem decreasing in energy production, solar panels should be cleaned. The self-cleaning method can be preferred. There are some methods to clean the surface of solar panels. Among the self-cleaning materials, TiO2 is the most preferable ones because of its powerful photocatalytic properties. In this study, photocatalytic TiO2 were produced in two different nanostructures: nanofibers and thin films. TiO2 nanofibers were successfully produced by electrospinning. TiO2 thin films were fabricated by reactive magnetron sputtering technique. Both TiO2 nanofiber and thin film structures were heat-treated to form TiO2 in anatase phase at 600 °C for 2 h in air. Then, they were evaluated by SEM analyses for morphology, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses for phase structures, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for the chemical state and atomic concentration, and UV-spectrometer for photocatalytic performance. The results indicate that photocatalytic and transmittance properties of TiO2 thin films are better than those of nanofibers. Consequently, TiO2 based thin films exhibit better performance for solar cell applications due to the surface cleanliness.Editorial Preface(Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Özyüzer, Lütfi; Kosiel, Kamil; Reno, John L.; Basa, Deekpak KumarIt is our pleasure to publish the proceedings of selected papers from the Science and Applications of Thin Films, Conference & Exhibition (SATF2016) in a Special Issue of Thin Solid Films. SATF2016 was held at the Ilica Hotel Spa & Wellness Thermal Resort, Cesme, Izmir, Turkey, from September 19 to 23, 2016. It was a very successful conference with over 241 abstracts submitted from33 countries, including 30 invited talks, 61 contributed talks, and over 150 poster presentations. More information about the conference can be found at http://www. satf2016.org/Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 13Fourcross Shaped Metamaterial Filters Fabricated From High Temperature Superconducting Ybco and Au Thin Films for Terahertz Waves(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2017) Demirhan, Yasemin; Alaboz, Hakan; Nebioğlu, Mehmet Ali; Mulla, B.; Akkaya, M.; Altan, Hakan; Sabah, Cumali; Özyüzer, LütfiIn this study, we present a new, unique fourcross shaped metamaterial terahertz (THz) filter fabricated from both gold thin films and YBa2Cu3O7-δ high Tc superconducting thin films. A commercial electromagnetic simulation software, CST Microwave Studio, is used to design and optimize the metamaterial filter structures. The proposed fourcross shaped rectangular filter structure consists of periodic metallic rings where strip lines are located at the sides of the ring. Fourcross metamaterial filters are fabricated by using e-beam lithography and ion beam exhing techniques. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements validated the design predictions for both the center frequencies and bandwidths of the resonances due to the fourcross structures. The resonance switching of the transmission spectra was investigated by lowering the temperature below the critical transition temperature. This resonance switching effect is not observed in filters made up of metals. This novel fourcross rectangular resonator with a temperature-dependent resonance behavior holds great potential for active, tunable and low loss THz devices for imaging, sensing, and detection applications.