Environmental Engineering / Çevre Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4321
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Conference Object 3d Modeling of a Historical Mine Waste Site Using Uav Images: Estimation of Stockpile Volumes(Springer, 2023) Önal, Okan; Gündüz, OrhanIn recent decades, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for land surveying became very popular because of their simplicity and low cost. Aerial images of the site can be used for the reconstruction of the site’s 3D digital model. Once proper calibrations are made, these digital models can be used for several purposes including stockpile volume estimation, stability analyses, forensic engineering and archiving, etc. In this study, the 3D model of an abandoned historical mine waste disposal site located in Balıkesir-Turkey was reconstructed for the estimation of the waste stockpile volumes. The historical mine site is a facility that was abandoned more than 80 years ago. Mine wastes of different quality were disposed of in and around the site along the hydrologically intermittent creek that passes through the site. No engineered precautions were taken at the site to reduce the environmental impacts and all waste piles were exposed to the natural eroding effect of precipitation and wind. The total amount of the waste volume is not known accurately, which prevents researchers to quantify the potential impacts associated with different waste stockpiles. Thus, a 3D digital model of the site was created by using UAV data obtained from a quadcopter and later processed to obtain a digital topography of the site with an improved accuracy value of ± 2 cm. The stockpiles were later analyzed with geographic information systems to characterize the magnitude of mine wastes and to propose alternative engineering solutions for environmental mitigation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2023.Article Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 21Remote Sensing-Based Monitoring and Evaluation of the Basin-Wise Dynamics of Terrestrial Water and Groundwater Storage Fluctuations(Springer, 2023) Khorrami, Behnam; Gündüz, OrhanThe recent dynamics of terrestrial water storage (TWS) and groundwater storage (GWS) fluctuations were investigated based on the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations over 25 basins of Türkiye. Coarse-resolution GRACE estimates were downscaled based on the Random Forest algorithm. The impacts of precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (ET) on the variations of water storage were also assessed. The findings demonstrated good performance for the RF model in simulating finer resolution estimates of TWS. The results indicated a diminishing trend of TWS and its hydrologic components over all the basins from 2003 to 2020. The Doğu Akdeniz Basin with the annually decreasing TWS and GWS of 1.15cm/yr and 1.10cm/yr was the most critical basin of Türkiye. The least storage loss was observed in the Batı Karadeniz Basin with the annual TWS and GWS loss of 0.38cm/yr and 0.45cm/yr , respectively. Based on the results, Türkiye has lost, on average, an estimated 5.16km3/yr and 4.09km3/yr of its TWS and GWS, respectively, which are equivalent to the total storage loss of 92.88km3 and 73.62km3 of TWS and GWS during the last 18 years. The results also indicated that P and ET interact differently with the variations of TWS and GWS. The net water flux was revealed to be partially correlated with the total water storage fluctuations, suggesting the governing role of other deriving forces particularly the anthropogenic factors in the spatiotemporal variations of Türkiye’s water storage; therefore, a sector-specific analysis of the water storage variations is crucial for the country, particularly by concentrating more on the dynamics of GWS. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Article Citation - WoS: 40Citation - Scopus: 38Investigating the Local-Scale Fluctuations of Groundwater Storage by Using Downscaled Grace/Grace-fo Jpl Mascon Product Based on Machine Learning (ml) Algorithm(Springer, 2023) Khorrami, Behnam; Ali, Shoaib; Gündüz, OrhanGroundwater storage is of grave significance for humanity by sustaining the required water for agricultural irrigation, industry, and domestic use. Notwithstanding the impressive contribution of the state-of-the-art Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to detecting the groundwater storage anomaly (GWSA), its feasibility for the characterization of GWSA variation hotspots over small scales is still a major challenge due to its coarse resolution. In this study, a spatial water balance approach is proposed to enhance the spatial depiction of groundwater storage and depletion changes that can detect the hotspots of GWSA variation. In this study, Random Forest Machine Learning (RFML) model was utilized to simulate fine-resolution (10 km) groundwater storage based on the coarse resolution (50 km) of GRACE observations. To this end, parameters including soil moisture, snow water, evapotranspiration, precipitation, surface runoff, surface elevation, and GRACE data were integrated into the RFML model. The results show that with a correlation of above 0.98, the RFML model is very successful in simulating the fine-resolution groundwater storage over the Western Anatolian Basin (WAB), Turkiye. The results indicate an estimated annual depletion rate of 0.14 km(3)/year for the groundwater storage of the WAB, which is equivalent to about 2.57 km(3) of total groundwater depletion from 2003 to 2020. The findings also suggest that the downscaled GWSA is in harmony with the original GWSA in terms of temporal variations. The validation of the results demonstrates that the correlation is increased from 0.56 (for the GRACE-derived GWSA) to 0.60 (for the downscaled GWSA) over the WAB.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 10Removal of Pesticide Residues From Apple and Tomato Cuticle(Springer, 2023) Tari, Vinaya; Yalçın, Melis; Turgut, Nalan; Gökbulut, Cengiz; Mermer, Serhan; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Turgut, CaferPesticide residues are always an unsolved problem in the world despite all kinds of prevention measures. The present research work is based on a scientific hypothesis, i.e., The removal of average pesticide residue is inversely proportional to the thickness of cuticle. The effects of boron-containing products and plant-based surfactants were tested for the removal of five pesticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, metaflumizone, acetamiprid) on tomatoes and apples. Boron-containing products were able to remove the pesticide residues on average between 58.0 and 72.6% in tomatoes and 33.2-58.8% in an apple. While plant-based surfactants removed residues on average between 58.5 and 66.6% in tomatoes and 41.0-53.2% in an apple. The highest removal rate was 72% with etidot at 1%. The solution of 1% C8-C10 provided 66.6% average removal for tomatoes. Less removal was achieved in apples. For an apple, Log K-ow and molecular mass (independent variables) were significant with p < 0.01, and the coefficient of determination (R-2) was > 0.87. However, the multiple linear regression analysis for ground colemanite was significant with R-2 of 0.96. In tomatoes, neither Log K-ow nor molecular mass as significant. The correlation was found between the physical and chemical properties of pesticides, but it is estimated that the thickness of the cuticle is effective in removing pesticides.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 12Investigation of the Best Possible Methods for Wind Turbine Blade Waste Management by Using Gis and Fahp: Turkey Case(Springer, 2022) Öztürk, Samet; Karipoğlu, FatihThe aim of this study is to present the status and projections of wind turbine blade retirement in Turkey; to investigate the number of retiring WT blades in the regional, manufacturer, and material aspects; and to discuss the management methods for retired WT blades. To determine the best possible wind turbine blade waste management methods for Turkey, a combined application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is used in this study. It is found that around nine thousand WT blades will become waste between 2020 and 2039 in Turkey, corresponding to around 80,500 tons of waste. On average, 52,325 tons of glass/carbon and 28,175 tons of polymers will be accumulated between 2020 and 2039 from wind turbine blades. More than half of the WT blade waste will come from two WT manufacturers, namely, Enercon and Nordex. Aegean and Marmara regions will provide 74% of the blade waste, where 33% of them will be 2 MW and 2.5 MW sizes of WT blades. Furthermore, a case study is applied to Izmir city to demonstrate the results of FAHP for finding the best available method to dispose of WT blades. The results show that using blade waste as filling material is the best alternative, while waste-to-energy is the last favorable option for blade waste management. Finally, sensitivity analyses are applied to demonstrate the robustness of the results for the inclusion of new alternatives and the bias of experts’ judgments.Article Citation - Scopus: 22Multi‑purpose Reverse Logistics Network Design for Medical Waste Management in a Megacity: Istanbul, Turkey(Springer, 2022) Balcı, Esin; Balcı, Sezin; Sofuoğlu, AysunIn the study, a multi-purpose reverse logistics network has been designed to create effectual management of medical waste (MW) generated in 39 districts of Istanbul, a heavily populated city, during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as that to be generated in the next decade. With the model, the medical waste management system in Istanbul is analyzed during the pandemic and for the next 10 years. The model attempts to integrate economic, environmental, and social objectives within the sustainable development goals. It aims to maximize the number of personnel and government earnings for the estimated MW of a megacity while minimizing the total fixed cost and the cost of carbon emissions and transportation. The results indicated that the existing facilities are sufficient for the treatment and disposal of MW generated even under pandemic conditions. However, the capacity of the sterilization facility could be insufficient to treat the estimated amount of MW in the next decade. Opening a sterilization facility near the sanitary landfill in Komurcuoda with a total management cost of 62,450,332 €/year would be an optimum solution for Istanbul MW. In comparison to the single-purpose model results, the multi-purpose model resulted in approximately 42,000 € more in total cost. Sensitivity analyses show that the amount of MW has the most significant effect on the total cost. This simple model created an effective MW management proposal for Istanbul, which can be a model for megacities.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Groundwater Recharge Estiaton in the Alaşehir Sub-Basin Using Hydro-Geochemical Data; Alaşehir Case Study(Springer, 2021) Tonkul, Serhat; Baba, Alper; Şimşek, Celalettin; Demirkesen, Ali CanThe issue of groundwater recharge has gained importance in countries where there is not enough water supply to the aquifer. However, groundwater recharge is a difficult parameter to determine. This difficulty stems from factors such as the location of the area to be studied, time, cost, and hydrological data. Numerical, isotope, and chemical approaches are used in groundwater recharge investigations. Numerical and chemical approaches are more costly and time-consuming than chemical approaches. This study aims to ascertain alluvial aquifer recharge in Alaehir (Manisa) sub-basin using chemical approaches (Chloride Mass Balance Method) and its applicability. For this purpose, research wells were drilled at 25 different points in the alluvial aquifer, water sampling was done in wet and dry periods, and rainwater water samples were collected. Groundwater recharge was calculated by using chemical approaches from the chloride concentrations of the water samples collected. An annual average of 74.84 mm of recharge was found in the Alaehir sub-basin. This value corresponds to 16.38% of annual rainfall. At the same time, it was examined the groundwater and geothermal mixing mechanism to demonstrate the applicability of the Chloride Mass Balance Method. It was concluded that geothermal fluid in Alaehir sub-basin mixed with groundwater at a rate of 17%.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 7Effect of High Salinity and Temperature on Water-Volcanic Rock Interaction(Springer, 2021) Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Topçu, Gökhan; Demir, Mustafa Muammer; Demir, Mustafa M.; Baba, Alper; Baba, AlperIn order to understand the processes occurring in natural hydrothermal systems, it was carried out a series of water-volcanic rock interaction studies in the laboratory and an intermediate volcanic rock samples from geothermal production wells in Tuzla geothermal field (TGF) in western Turkey. A high-pressure autoclave was used to conduct water-rock interaction experiments under similar conditions of the field. Rainwater and seawater were treated with volcanic rocks at 140 degrees C (reservoir temperature) and 4.5 bar pressure. The change in the ionic content of the resulting fluids was examined in terms of the type of volcanic rocks and mineral saturation index. The results indicate that talc and diopside minerals in geothermal systems may cause scaling at high temperatures depending on the geothermal fluid and pH.