Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage / Kültür Varlıklarını Koruma ve Onarım
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/23
Browse
25 results
Search Results
Review Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 11A Literature Review on the Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage(Elsevier, 2023) Bulut, Nihan; Yüceer, HülyaManaging cultural heritage is difficult, even when presented with many opportunities. The management of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) expands these challenges, as issues such as mapping, monitoring, access, presentation, and ownership can become more complex. This article reviews the existing literature on theoretical research and various case studies in order to establish common themes on the management of UCH. Initially, a keyword search was carried out in two of the most extensive scientific databases. Publications were reviewed according to several criteria. Various data have been obtained, such as the change in the number of publications over the years, which journals are more interested in the subject, which topics are at the forefront, which places are preferred for case studies, and who are more likely to conduct research. The results show that the studies on the management of UCH mainly focus on evaluating the current management examples and their issues, policy development, legislation, and documentation of the sites. The cultural heritage in the case studies varies from archaeological and architectural remains to shipwrecks and, sometimes, movable objects, despite the emphasis on in-situ built heritage in the search criteria. Meanwhile, the researchers are primarily from universities in Western countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom. Additionally, many publications evaluate national policies and emphasize the importance of public participation, interpretation, and access. While still not much compared to land heritage, the number of studies has increased over the years. As the results of the review are discussed, suggestions are offered for possible future publications.Article Citation - WoS: 30Citation - Scopus: 30Thermal Retrofitting for Sustainable Use of Traditional Dwellings in Mediterranean Climate of Southwestern Anatolia(Elsevier, 2022) Timur, Barış Ali; Başaran, Tahsin; İpekoğlu, BaşakThermal retrofitting implementations are crucial for safeguarding the functional sustainability of historical buildings as they can improve the thermal performance of these buildings while maintaining thermal comfort for their occupants. This study aims to examine the thermal behavior of a common historical building type in Anatolia / Turkey, the traditional houses with exterior hall (sofa), and to determine enhancement potentials of possible thermal interventions. Research method consists of on-site thermal measurements, laboratory analyses on traditional construction materials and transient thermal analyses utilizing simulations on DesignBuilder software. Study cases were selected from both urban and rural sub-settlements. The results demonstrated that the thermal insulation works within floor assemblies, airtightness measures, adding secondary glazing to windows and suggesting transparent circulation corridors provide significant energy improvements. These interventions would save 26.5% of building energy consumption in the urban and 30.4% in the rural sub-settlements when applied together. Furthermore, when the integration of a modern HVAC system, ground-source heat pump is implemented, these improvement rates can be increased to more than 60%. Consequently, it was determined that the cases have significant potentials for thermal enhancements which renders the application of thermal interventions as a capable conservation tool.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 21Long Term Stability of Biodegradable Polymers on Building Limestone(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Kaplan, Zişan; Böke, Hasan; Sofuoğlu, Aysun; İpekoğlu, BaşakSynthetic polymers can be replaced by biodegradable ones as adhesives, water repellents and consolidants on the stone surfaces and facades of the historic buildings in their conservation to minimize future deterioration. In this study, the long-term stability of two biodegradable polymers, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly-L-lactide (PLA), and an acrylic polymer (Paraloid B72) which is commonly used in conservation works of artefacts, were evaluated on limestone using a UV lamp-weathering chamber (up to 104 days) for future protection studies. Chemical and morphological changes induced by an accelerated weathering test were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. Protection efficiency of the polymers was determined by the changes in color, capillary water absorption, static contact angle on limestone. Paraloid B72, PHB, and PLA coatings significantly increased hydrophobicity while decreasing capillarity water absorption and caused negligible change in the color of the limestone. Protection efficiencies of PLA and PHB polymers were almost the same as that of Paraloid B72, a widely used acrylic polymer. However, PLA and PHB seemed to be favorable polymers as protective agents due to their reversibility and biodegradability, low chromatic changes, good hydrophobic behavior and good stability to weathering in reducing the effects of outdoor exposure on limestone surfaces.Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 19An Evaluation of Decision-Making Process on Maintenance of Built Cultural Heritage: the Case of Visby, Sweden(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Eken, Esra; Taşcı, Burcu; Gustafsson, ChristerPreventive conservation is a significant approach for the conservation of built cultural heritage. This approach aims to prevent major deteriorations through monitoring and a planned maintenance programme. Although Visby, as one of the most important world heritage sites of Sweden, has many governmental organizations for conservation, none has a particular focus on maintenance. This paper examines the perspective of the habitants about the maintenance of their dwellings in the World Heritage Site of Visby. In this context, a survey is carried out to determine the main tendency of the habitants regarding the maintenance of historic buildings inside the city walls. Thus, the survey requires not only quantitative methods based on statistical data, but also qualitative methods based on interpretative data. The questionnaire conducted with the owners and tenants is the primary data collection tool. Both the owners and the tenants agree with the necessity of a non-governmental organisation in Visby to provide advice on maintenance. Maintenance and regular monitoring prevent costlier and large-scale repairs and are essential to retaining the cultural significance of Visby. This study can be helpful for adopting the community's opinion to the regular maintenance programme and promoting cooperation between non-profit organizations and governmental organizations in cultural heritage.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 10Interior Plastering of Ottoman Bath Buildings(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) İpekci, Emre; Uğurlu Sağın, Elif; Böke, HasanOttoman baths were peculiar buildings with their function in community life, architectural characteristics and material use. Their interior spaces were exposed to high humidity and temperatures that made the building structure vulnerable to physical, chemical, physicochemical and biological degradations. Plasters used on the interior wall surfaces were the most important agents to protect the structure from deterioration and provide durability. This study aims to exhibit the plaster characteristics of Çinili Bath in İstanbul which was an outstanding example of Ottoman baths and built by Great Architect Sinan. Basic physical properties, raw material compositions, mineralogical, microstructural and hydraulic properties of original brick-lime plasters called as horasan (khorasan) plasters used on the walls were determined by XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS and TGA. Multilayered plaster application together with the use of glazed tiles were observed on the wall surfaces of all interior spaces. The plasters were produced from pure lime and pozzolanic crushed brick or tile aggregates and hydraulic because of the pozzolanic properties of aggregates. They are stiff, compact and durable in hot and humid conditions of bath buildings due to their self-healing properties and the formation of calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminate hydrates at the lime-brick interfaces and in the pores of the pozzolanic brick aggregates by the reaction of lime. Characteristics of brick aggregates were compared with the construction bricks used in the building. Their chemical and mineralogical compositions revealed that the aggregates had not been produced from construction bricks. All the results indicated that brick-lime plasters were the most suitable materials for bath buildings to protect the structure from the effect of water. © 2019 The AuthorsArticle Citation - WoS: 29Citation - Scopus: 35Sustainable Bio-Nano Composite Coatings for the Protection of Marble Surfaces(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2015) Ocak, Y.; Sofuoglu, A.; Tihminlioglu, F.; Böke, H.Water repellency on natural stone surfaces is the most important issue in the protection of stone monuments from effects of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, effectiveness of a bio-nano composite coating, composed of a biodegradable polymer (poly-L-lactide [PLA]) and montmorillonite clay (MMT) was investigated for the protection of marble surfaces from pollution. The clay dispersion in polymer matrices was analyzed by using Scanning Tunnel Electron Microscopy (STEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), while protection performance was investigated by the measurement of surface roughness, wettability, water vapor permeability, capillary water absorption, and color changes on the marble surfaces. As a result, no alteration on the color of coated marbles was observed, significant improvement was obtained for hydrophobicity of the surface and inhibition of sulfation reaction on the exposed marble surfaces under acidic atmosphere. It could be said that PLA based nanocomposites seem to be promising materials as protective coating agents in reducing the effects of water and atmospheric pollutants on marble surfaces. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS.Article Citation - WoS: 74Citation - Scopus: 85A Transdisciplinary Approach on the Energy Efficient Retrofitting of a Historic Building in the Aegean Region of Turkey(Elsevier Ltd., 2015) Şahin, Cem Doğan; Durmuş Arsan, Zeynep; Tunçoku, Selim Sarp; Broström, Tor; Gökçen Akkurt, GüldenAbstract Buildings account for 40% of total energy consumption in the European Union, yet at the same time they have considerable energy saving potentials. Historic buildings should be treated different from contemporary ones when it comes to energy improvements. The specifications which underline historical, sociocultural and architectural values require certain care during realization of energy saving implementations to sustain these values. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how the energy efficient retrofitting in historic buildings should be managed in a transdisciplinary approach with a case study conducted on the historic building in ̄zmir - Turkey. A detailed building energy simulation tool was used to determine the impacts of energy efficient retrofits. The actual energy consumption of case building was based on the utility bills regarding electricity and heating fuel consumption. Building energy simulation tool was calibrated by comparing the measured and simulated indoor air temperatures and total energy consumptions. The inappropriate retrofits, which contradict to the cultural heritage values, were eliminated with a transdisciplinary approach. Later appropriate retrofits were gathered into three packages to evaluate their effects on the energy consumption. The results show that energy saving of more than 34% can be obtained without damaging the heritage values.Article Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 23Determination of Caco 3 and Sio 2 Content in the Binders of Historic Lime Mortars(Springer Verlag, 2012) Uğurlu Sağın, Elif; Böke, Hasan; Aras, Nadir; Yalçın, ŞerifeThe binders of historic mortars composed of small grain sized silica (SiO 2) and carbonated lime (CaCO 3) are considered as the main part that give hydraulic character and high strength to the mortar. In this study, FTIR, SEM-EDS, LIBS and XRD spectroscopy were used to find out the weight ratios of CaCO 3 to SiO 2 in the binders of historic lime mortars. For this purpose, a series of pure calcium carbonate and silica mixture were prepared in ten combinations in varying ratios from 0.5 to 5. Calibration curve was prepared for each analysis by plotting the peak area or intensity ratios of CaCO 3 to SiO 2 versus the weight ratios of CaCO 3 to SiO 2. A good linear correlation coefficient was obtained for each analysis respectively. The analyses were then tested on the binder of the Roman mortar samples. The results indicated that FTIR, SEM-EDS and LIBS spectroscopy are convenient tools to determine the weight ratios of CaCO 3 to SiO 2 in the binders of mortars. But XRD spectroscopy is not convenient for quantitative analysis of binders due to the presence of varied amounts of amorphous or poor crystalline silica in their compositions.Article Citation - WoS: 28Citation - Scopus: 29Characteristics of Bricks Used in the Domes of Some Historic Bath Buildings(Elsevier Ltd., 2013) Uğurlu Sağın, Elif; Böke, HasanIn this study, characteristics of bricks used in the domes of some historic bath buildings dated to 15th century in Izmir were determined in order to indicate the properties of repair bricks that will be used in the conservation works of the domes. For this purpose, their basic physical properties, elemental and mineralogical compositions, firing temperatures and microstructural properties were determined by using XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS and TGA analysis. Analysis results indicated that the bricks are of low density, high porosity and were produced from raw materials containing low amounts of calcium poor clays fired at low temperatures (<. 900. °C). They are mainly consisted of small pores with r<. 5. μm that make the bricks more susceptible to salt crystallization and freeze-thaw cycles. Although the bricks were fired at low temperatures and susceptible to salt crystallization and freeze thaw cycles, the structural systems of the domes remained without losing their integrity due to the moderate climatic conditions of Izmir. Repair bricks that will be used in the conservation works of the domes should be compatible with the original ones and produced from calcium poor clays by firing at low temperatures.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 10Construction Techniques of Domes in Some Ottoman Baths(Elsevier Ltd., 2013) Reyhan, Kader; İpekoğlu, Başak; Böke, HasanIn Ottoman bath architecture, the dome is the spherical structural component covering the square planned dressing hall, warm and hot spaces. In this study, the relationship between bond type, dome span, dome height, dome thickness, and the number of oculi of domes in some Ottoman baths located in Western Anatolia (Turkey) were investigated for the purpose of evaluating construction techniques and architectural characteristics. The studied domes were constructed with brick and lime mortar as binder. In the construction of domes, whole and half bricks with different dimensions were used. In all domes, the surfaces were covered with brick-lime plaster, a thin layer on the interior and a thick layer on the exterior. Terracotta pipes placed in the brick bond or the openings made through the brick bond constituted oculi for lighting. Depending on the brick bond, a linear relationship was determined between the span, height, and number of oculi, whereas a mathematical ratio between 1:10 and 1:12 was determined between the span and thickness of the domes. It has also been noted that as the dome span increases, so does the height, thickness at the springing level and the number of oculi. The domes examined with these properties should be seen as historical documents representing the construction technology of the 15th century. Therefore, these properties of domes must be preserved and special care needs to be taken as not to lose the original qualities of these domes during conservation works.
- «
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- »