Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage / Kültür Varlıklarını Koruma ve Onarım
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/23
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Article Defining the Impacts of Historical Development Activities on Urban Heritage of Iskenderun (alexandretta)(Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, 2023) Nalça Kıssaboylu, Canan; Kul, Fatma Nurşen; Rifaioğlu, Mert NezihIskenderun, also known as Alexandretta in antiquity, has long been a strategically significant port city in the Eastern Mediterranean thanks to its natural harbour. Due to its advantageous location, the settlement began to rapidly urbanize after the mid-19th century as a result of the impacts of Ottoman and later the French Mandate period development activities. This article focuses on defining the influences of historical development activities on the urban heritage of Iskenderun by understanding and evaluating various efforts that lie behind the formation of the city as an important trade centre and port city connecting the Middle East, Asia Minor, and Europe. By doing so, the formation, development and transformation of the settlement are chronologically deciphered regarding its historical turning points: the mid-19th century Ottoman period, the beginning of the French Mandate period (1919), and the joining of Iskenderun to the Republic of Turkiye (1939). Accordingly, the characteristics of the urban form, the ways these characteristics were transformed, and the problems and strategies encountered within different periods are decoded. This decoding employed a combined methodology, including historical interpretation and case study research methods. The results of the study reveal that Iskenderun has experienced different solutions for problems of infrastructure within the different periods, as a reflection of different political understandings and public and social needs among those periods.Article Characteristic Architectural Elements of Traditional Barbaros Houses With a Single-Living Space and Their Relationship With Daily Life(Istanbul University Press, 2023) Saribekiroǧlu, Ş.; Kul, F.N.Barbaros is a rural settlement in Urla, Izmir, Turkey. This study aims to understand the architectural elements of Barbaros houses with a single-living space, their spatial organization, relation with daily life, and the local terminology for them. Moreover, it is aimed to reveal possible similarities and dissimilarities between architectural elements of other singleliving space rural houses in different settlements in close geography. The site survey data was collected in 2016, 2017, and 2020. Fourteen houses were examined, all of which still preserve their original spatial characteristics and architectural elements. The plans and architectural elements of each of the 14 buildings were documented in sketches and photographs. The architectural elements of each house and their characteristics, including form, material, and location in space, were analyzed. The Barbaros case was compared with other rural settlements in Çeşme, Karaburun and Urla. Oral interviews were conducted with 13 people to reveal the relationship between architectural elements and daily life. © 2023 The Author(s).Article Citation - Scopus: 1Builders and Building Tradition of Barbaros as Intangible Cultural Heritage(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022) Sarıbekiroğlu, Şeyma; Kul, Fatma NurşenThis paper aims to document the traditional builders and their know-how in a particular geography, namely the rural settlement of Barbaros in the Urla district of Izmir, Turkey. It aims to shed light on the actors of the building traditions of Barbaros, the process of knowledge transfer among builders, and the traditional know-how related to local building materials and construction techniques as intangible cultural heritage. The research method of this study includes literature review, site survey, and study of oral history. Literature sources provided the theoretical background and limited information related to the history of Barbaros. To understand the traditional building stock in Barbaros, site surveys were conducted in 2016, 2017, and 2020. An oral history study was done with the last living builders and the relatives of late builders. These narratives provided invaluable information for answering the research questions. The results of the study contribute to the conservation of intangible heritage by recording the know-how of the last bearers of traditional construction in Barbaros. This documented experience can be used in future restoration projects not only in Barbaros but also in surrounding settlements with the same traditional construction features. The results of the study are also remarkable in terms of revealing the importance of oral history in documentation studies.Article Historic Collective Shelter as Heritage: the Cases in Hurşidiye, Kurtuluş and Sakarya Neighborhoods in Konak, Izmir(İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2021) Hamamcıoğlu Turan, Mine; Akpınar, Figen; Toköz, Özge DenizHistorical collective shelters, yahuthanes or cortejos, are an alternative form of housing that were developed to provide secure sheltering of the groups who were disadvantaged in terms of economic, social, and cultural aspects in the Ottoman city. They have played a significant role in history as a building type that made possible cohabitation of groups, with moral and material problems, and struggling to maintain their integrity despite hardship. This study deals with a group of historical collective shelters in the traditional commercial center of Izmir dating mainly to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The objective is to understand the historic evolution of collective shelters (yahuthane, cortejo) in Hursidiye, Kurtulus and Sakarya neighborhoods of Konak district in Izmir, to define their cultural values, to analyze their social and spatial development, to present their physical characteristics and evaluate their preservation problems. Eleven collective shelters were documented in the studied site, which is a portion of the traditional commercial center of Izmir (Kemeralti). The site comprehends the ruins of the Roman Agora and the remains of the public buildings dating to the pre-modernization period of the Ottoman Empire as well as the late Ottoman urban layout. As a method, the preliminary studies were reviewed, the land registers were surveyed, the present base map together with the historical maps were overlapped and the case studies were conducted using conventional techniques of architectural and urban conservation. The study has documented the interaction of Muslim and Jewish communities and how the collective living habits of these ethnic groups living in collective shelters differed from standard residential life at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries in the traditional commercial center of Izmir. Though collective shelters in the historic center of Izmir have been studied in the literature, their specific location on the map was not available. This study has provided locations of the shelters and evaluated the architectural characteristics of their remains. The traces and remains of the historic collective shelters should be preserved as elements contributing to the integrity of the multi layered city.Article Urban Protection And Renewal Dilemma: İzmir Mezarlıkbaşı(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2021) Akpınar, Figen; Turan, Mine; Toköz, Özge DenizAt the beginning of the 21st century, efforts to preserve cultural heritage in historical settlements is a highly problematic and multi-faceted issue in Turkey. Al-though conservation legislation dates back to 60 years ago, heritage conservation has not been internalized and accepted in the wider part of society, and, has not established a sound political foundation. On the other, however, there is also a lack of integrated land-use planning and management. The purpose of this study is to present the difficulties of dealing with the conservation, renewal, and regeneration for heritage areas in the historic core of İzmir, Mezarlıkbaşı-Kemeraltı, as well as to discuss the intrinsic physical qualities, dynamic characters and diversity of community groups with a view of new spatial agenda. The objective of the study is therefore twofold: 1) documentation of the physical characteristics and values for understanding the place; 2) to evaluate incorporating integrated strategic planning and management approach pointing the need for incorporating, leadership, partnership, integration and inclusion as a policy guideline for the safeguarding the heritage area. Our findings show that the Municipality of İzmir has made a significant attempt as TARKEM’s leadership position, which has succeeded in attracting national and international interest in Kemeraltı and creating opportunities for the future, but partnership (operation), management (structure) and inclusion (its processes) still lack. Community groups are not seen as part of the planning activities and planning has been remote, fragmented and exclusively missing an integrated planning management approach. © 2021, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Proposals for Monitoring Current Conservation Condition of Historical Masonry Buildings: Matrone Church and Çardak Han Cases;(Istanbul University Press, 2020) Durmuşlar,F.; Ipekci,E.; Turan,M.H.; Aktaş,E.The aim of this study is to transfer the international developments related to the process of diagnosis and monitoring of historical masonry structures to the national area. The method chosen is to test the recommendations made at the international level on national cases and to discuss the results obtained by comparing them. A review of preliminary studies, on-site observations, measured surveys, material characterizations, mapping and visual analysis have been carried out. An examination of structural characteristics and observed failures have also been detailed. Related risks have been evaluated with criteria developed by taking into consideration condition classes defined in the UNI EN 16096, titled Conservation of Cultural Property - Condition Survey and Report of Built Cultural Heritage. According to the defined risks and classes, priorities of interventions were determined. Two historical masonry buildings which possess characteristics of different periods and present different damage types were selected: Matrone Church in Ildiri, Çeşme, Izmir and Çardak Han in Çardak, Denizli. The condition reports of the selected buildings have been prepared. The critical points in the condition reporting of historical masonry buildings were determined: accurate comprehension of the authentic structural characteristics and related failures have priority in maintaining historical masonry structures. Identification of condition class and risk assessment of each historic masonry building should be made in accordance with a standard specific to the cases of our country, but in line with the European standards and current developments in the field of architectural restoration. Thus, it will be possible to evaluate the conservation state of our masonry assets in comparison with each other. The content and priority of interventions can be well planned with the participation of the necessary disciplines. © 2020 The authors.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 1Primary Schools of İzmir (1923-1950)(Middle East Technical University, 2012) Kul, Fatma NurşenThis study aims to identify primary school buildings constructed inIzmir between the years 1923 and 1950 and understand them withinthe national context and its reflection on the local. For this purpose, thenational primary education system and school construction policies wereresearched, and their local reflections were discussed through the specificcase of Izmir. The results of this research demonstrate that the national policies,instigating the extension of school buildings throughout the country, weresuccessfully implemented in Izmir, and contrary to numerous other cities,new school buildings were constructed homogenously not only in thecity and sub-province centers but also in the villages. This meant that, awide spectrum of schools differing in their scales and qualities, rangingfrom multi-spaced city and sub-province schools built in highly populatedareas to single-spaced village schools constructed in settlements of lowpopulation levels were built in Izmir. Detailed archival research, sitesurveys and literature reviews showed that 500 new primary schools werebuilt in 1923-1950, 99 of which provided information in more detail in theform of visual and written documents. Based on this data, it was possible toestablish the type of projects that were implemented in Izmir, the designingpersons or institutions, their design criteria and the school constructionprocesses