Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage / Kültür Varlıklarını Koruma ve Onarım
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/23
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Conference Object The Challenges and Advantages of Macro Modeling in Ansys Software for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Historic Masonry Structures(National Technical University of Athens, 2023) Demir, Hatice Ayşegül; Yücetürk, Kutay; Aktaş, Engin; Hamamcıoğlu Turan, MineThis study aims at creating an advancement guideline for a software which can be used for seismic vulnerability assessment of historic masonry structures by revealing the results of an experience related to the macro modeling of a historic masonry building. The case study structure is Bergama Bedesten (15th-16th centuries) located in Bergama, Izmir, Turkey. ANSYS software is used for the Finite Element Modeling of the structure. The seismicity at its location is determined and the structural response under lateral loads is obtained together with the dynamic characteristics. Mesh design, component creation according to the used material change in structural elements, contact surface identification, the arrangement of the stress scales, and result interpretation are realized. For these stages, the challenges are discussed with the solutions. The advantageous aspects of the software are explained. For the challenges, in mesh design, the ineffectiveness of cartesian method for some elements was detected and tetrahedrons method was chosen. In contact surface identification, the overlapping portions of structural components could not be detected by the software exactly, so the manual surface separation was realized. In the stress level interpretation, the lack of assignment for material limit strength values to the analysis scale was experienced and the addition of limit values was carried out. The scale also needs manual arrangement for the increase of interval numbers of stress values to emphasize vulnerable zones. This flexibility of scale to be arranged can be seen as an advantage, as well. The 3d section and axonometric view creation provide the presentation of stress changes at inner and outer surfaces of the structure which is another positive side. © 2023 COMPDYN Proceedings. All rights reservedArticle Characteristic Architectural Elements of Traditional Barbaros Houses With a Single-Living Space and Their Relationship With Daily Life(Istanbul University Press, 2023) Saribekiroǧlu, Ş.; Kul, F.N.Barbaros is a rural settlement in Urla, Izmir, Turkey. This study aims to understand the architectural elements of Barbaros houses with a single-living space, their spatial organization, relation with daily life, and the local terminology for them. Moreover, it is aimed to reveal possible similarities and dissimilarities between architectural elements of other singleliving space rural houses in different settlements in close geography. The site survey data was collected in 2016, 2017, and 2020. Fourteen houses were examined, all of which still preserve their original spatial characteristics and architectural elements. The plans and architectural elements of each of the 14 buildings were documented in sketches and photographs. The architectural elements of each house and their characteristics, including form, material, and location in space, were analyzed. The Barbaros case was compared with other rural settlements in Çeşme, Karaburun and Urla. Oral interviews were conducted with 13 people to reveal the relationship between architectural elements and daily life. © 2023 The Author(s).Article Citation - Scopus: 1Builders and Building Tradition of Barbaros as Intangible Cultural Heritage(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022) Sarıbekiroğlu, Şeyma; Kul, Fatma NurşenThis paper aims to document the traditional builders and their know-how in a particular geography, namely the rural settlement of Barbaros in the Urla district of Izmir, Turkey. It aims to shed light on the actors of the building traditions of Barbaros, the process of knowledge transfer among builders, and the traditional know-how related to local building materials and construction techniques as intangible cultural heritage. The research method of this study includes literature review, site survey, and study of oral history. Literature sources provided the theoretical background and limited information related to the history of Barbaros. To understand the traditional building stock in Barbaros, site surveys were conducted in 2016, 2017, and 2020. An oral history study was done with the last living builders and the relatives of late builders. These narratives provided invaluable information for answering the research questions. The results of the study contribute to the conservation of intangible heritage by recording the know-how of the last bearers of traditional construction in Barbaros. This documented experience can be used in future restoration projects not only in Barbaros but also in surrounding settlements with the same traditional construction features. The results of the study are also remarkable in terms of revealing the importance of oral history in documentation studies.Article Urban Protection And Renewal Dilemma: İzmir Mezarlıkbaşı(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2021) Akpınar, Figen; Turan, Mine; Toköz, Özge DenizAt the beginning of the 21st century, efforts to preserve cultural heritage in historical settlements is a highly problematic and multi-faceted issue in Turkey. Al-though conservation legislation dates back to 60 years ago, heritage conservation has not been internalized and accepted in the wider part of society, and, has not established a sound political foundation. On the other, however, there is also a lack of integrated land-use planning and management. The purpose of this study is to present the difficulties of dealing with the conservation, renewal, and regeneration for heritage areas in the historic core of İzmir, Mezarlıkbaşı-Kemeraltı, as well as to discuss the intrinsic physical qualities, dynamic characters and diversity of community groups with a view of new spatial agenda. The objective of the study is therefore twofold: 1) documentation of the physical characteristics and values for understanding the place; 2) to evaluate incorporating integrated strategic planning and management approach pointing the need for incorporating, leadership, partnership, integration and inclusion as a policy guideline for the safeguarding the heritage area. Our findings show that the Municipality of İzmir has made a significant attempt as TARKEM’s leadership position, which has succeeded in attracting national and international interest in Kemeraltı and creating opportunities for the future, but partnership (operation), management (structure) and inclusion (its processes) still lack. Community groups are not seen as part of the planning activities and planning has been remote, fragmented and exclusively missing an integrated planning management approach. © 2021, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All rights reserved.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Properties of Roman Lime Mortars in Ancient Lycia Region(American Institute of Physics, 2018) Taşcı, Burcu; Böke, HasanIn this study, the characteristics of mortars used in some ancient Roman buildings located Xanthos (Antalya), Patara (Antalya) and Tlos (Mugla) in Southern Turkey were determined in order to define the properties of the new mortars to be used in the conservation works of the buildings. For this purpose, their basic physical properties, raw material compositions, mineralogical and microstructural properties were determined by X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Analysis results indicated that the binder of the mortars composed of lime and fine aggregates have compact and uniform structure. The mortars are of low density and high porosity were produced from high calcium lime containing magnesium and natural aggregates. The lime and aggregate ratios were between 3/4 - 5/2 by weight and the aggregates with particle sizes greater than 1mm. composed the largest fraction of the aggregates. Lime composed of small size of micritic crystals due to use of aged lime puny. Aggregates were natural and mainly composed of quartz, albite, diopside and amorphous silica that may derived from the use of volcanic ash as pozzolans.Article Historical Development of Darkale Rural Settlement in Soma, Manisa(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2017) Etlacakuş, Aycan; Turan, MineDarkale rural settlement is a village of Soma, Manisa. The main intention of this study is to make conservation aimed evaluation of the historical development of Darkale by questioning the physical characteristics of the present historical settlement with emphasis on its housing units. The way followed is literature review, archive research in the official website of the state archives; field survey, analysis and evaluation of Darkale with the tools of the discipline of architectural restoration; and interpretation of historical data together with physical data. The archive documents and monumental buildings and the settlement pattern, especially the organization of the housing units have provided a framework for interpreting Turkish period. Nevertheless, for the historical evaluation of the pre-Turkish period, further geo-prospection and archeological research are necessary. In all periods, the brook-valley system has been the gathering, production and commercial area of the settlement. The elevated plateau at the east of Darkale brook with full vista of the surroundings is evaluated as the earliest settlement area in Turkish period. It is relatively safe in terms of its elevated position and has preserved its authenticity. The latter settlement area, circumscribing the plateau at its north, west and south presents various solutions to cope with the high inclination: stone retaining walls, increase in number of stories, passages over streets, and increase in the amount of relations with neighbors including vertical interaction of housing units. © 2017, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All rights reserved.Conference Object Three Dimensional Modeling Via Photographs for Documentation of a Village Bath(Copernicus GmbH, 2013) Balta, H. B.; Turan, Mine; Ocali, O.The aim of this study is supporting the conceptual discussions of architectural restoration with three dimensional modeling of monuments based on photogrammetric survey. In this study, a 16th century village bath in Ulamiş, Seferihisar, and Izmir is modeled for documentation. Ulamiş is one of the historical villages within which Turkish population first settled in the region of Seferihisar - Urla. The methodology was tested on an antique monument; a bath with a cubical form. Within the limits of this study, only the exterior of the bath was modeled. The presentation scale for the bath was determined as 1 / 50, considering the necessities of designing structural interventions and architectural ones within the scope of a restoration project. The three dimensional model produced is a realistic document presenting the present situation of the ruin. Traditional plan, elevation and perspective drawings may be produced from the model, in addition to the realistic textured renderings and wireframe representations. The model developed in this study provides opportunity for presenting photorealistic details of historical morphologies in scale. Compared to conventional drawings, the renders based on the 3d models provide an opportunity for conceiving architectural details such as color, material and texture. From these documents, relatively more detailed restitution hypothesis can be developed and intervention decisions can be taken. Finally, the principles derived from the case study can be used for 3d documentation of historical structures with irregular surfaces.Conference Object Structural Interventions for Conservation of the 15th Century Tahtakale Bath, Tire, Turkey(Trans Tech Publications, 2010) Mürtezaoğlu, Fulya; Kaplan, Çağlayan Deniz; İpekoğlu, BaşakTahtakale Bath, which is located in the town of Tire in the province of Izmir, Turkey, was constructed in the 15th.century and is one of the outstanding existing examples of Ottoman period baths. The building, which was designed as a double bath, was considerably damaged because of inaccurate interventions after losing its original function, lack of maintenance and natural circumstances. The parts which were reused have considerably lost their original characteristics. This study aims to introduce the construction technique of Tahtakale Bath, which was studied in the scope of a restoration project, and to present the studies on the determination of structural problems, structural strengthening decisions and implementations. Strengthening implementations were carried out in the bathing spaces of the men's section and felt workshop of the building depending on decisions of the restoration project. The original construction technique and materials of the walls, superstructure and architectural details of the building were consolidated by appropriate restoration decisions and implementation works. © (2010) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.Conference Object Evaluation of Architectural Characteristics for Conservation Decisions of Degirmendagi, Izmir, Turkey(Trans Tech Publications, 2010) Kaplan, Çağlayan Deniz; Mürtezaoğlu, Fulya; Akbulut, Özge; İpekoğlu, BaşakHistorical settlements, which are integral parts of the cultural heritage, should be documented and evaluated with their local characteristics. The aim of this study is to document, analyze and evaluate the architectural, environmental and social characteristics of an urban settlement called Deǧirmendaǧı District, which has a historical background beginning with the Roman period to the present, in the center of metropolitan city of İzmir, on the Aegean coast of Turkey. The settlement is one of the earliest that was planned by local administration in İzmir and contributes to the İzmir silhouette with its location on a steep hillside in the township of Konak. Documentation methods used are sketches, photography and architectural and social questionnaires. Inventory cards were prepared to collect architectural characteristics of each building and the social questionnaires were comprised of socio-economic characteristics of the settlers. Data gathered at the site was analyzed and evaluated to develop a conservation approach, including historical review of the ancient era. Since the area is easily accessible and close to city center, the area becomes attractive. It has the advantage of the vista based on its inclined topography and grid-planned scheme. Deǧirmendaǧı District is a special area requiring special conservation within the city of İzmir. However, historical pattern has changed through the years because of changing lifestyle. The area, which is one of the most important and valuable districts in İzmir considering its history, location, and architectural characteristics should be integrated with the city and citizens. This study documents the present potentials and values of the area and forms a basis to prepare conservation approaches.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 7Investigation of the Pozzolanic Properties of Bricks Used in Horasan Mortars and Plasters in Historic Buildings(Trans Tech Publications, 2004) Böke, Hasan; Akkurt, Sedat; İpekoğlu, BaşakCrushed brick used in historic brick-lime mortars and plasters (Horasan) were characterized for understanding their properties to develop intervention mortars for conservation. Brick powders were separated from original mortars and plasters, and analyzed by XRD, SEM-EDS, TGA and pozzolanic activity (PA) measurements. The results showed that the microstructures of brick powders were not completely vitrified, and their XRD analysis failed to show the peaks for high temperature (T>900°C) phases. PA measurements of all brick powders showed an ample amount of artificial pozzolan property. Consequently, brick powders aimed for conservation of historic mortars must have high clay contents in addition to being low-fired (T<900°C) in order to produce maximum conversion into amorphous phase for ideal PA values.