City and Regional Planning / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama

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  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 27
    Citation - Scopus: 28
    Lime Mortar Technology in Ancient Eastern Roman Provinces
    (Elsevier, 2021) Uğurlu Sağın, Elif; Duran, Hasan Engin; Böke, Hasan
    Natural pozzolanic aggregates were discovered during the Roman era and have been widely used in hydraulic mortar production. Despite the claims of ancient treatises, the properties of pozzolans and the technology of hydraulic lime mortars were well known and applied in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. In this study, the characteristics of lime mortar at the ancient sites of Aigai and Nysa located in Western Anatolia were investigated to elicit the technology applied. The raw material compositions of the mortars, the hydraulic properties of the binders, and the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the natural pozzolans used were determined via X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The major and trace element compositions of the natural pozzolans were evaluated via multivariate statistical analysis to determine whether the same local raw material resources were used in their manufacture. The analytical results indicated that the Roman mortars were hydraulic, stiff, and durable materials due to the use of natural pozzolanic aggregates mostly comprising dacite. Although the aggregates had similar mineralogical compositions, multivariate statistical analysis revealed that their chemical compositions were clearly distinguishable, indicating the use of different sources of raw materials. Thus, it was inferred that similar pozzolan resources were known and deliberately used to produce hydraulic mortars in the eastern ancient Roman provinces.
  • Article
    Citation - Scopus: 8
    The Rise and Fall of the Rural Creative Class: The Case of Alaçatı
    (Elsevier, 2021) İnce Keller, İrem; Velibeyoğlu, Koray
    The rural creative class contributes to the cultural life and local economic growth in small towns. Although creative based development mitigates various negative externalities of tourism development, small towns have started to suffer from the vicious circle of creative tourism which often entails the displacement of the rural creative class and locals. In this article, we examine the rise and fall of the rural creative class to better understand the vicious circle perspective of creative-based development in small towns. The study focuses on the growth and transformation process of the creative district in Alaçatı, which is a small town in İzmir (Turkey). The study applies mixed method approaches including longitudinal observations and in-depth interviews in three stages: in 2013, 2016 and 2019. The results reveal that creative tourism can be used as a potential development tool in small town settings. However, the lack of comprehensive creative-based tourism development strategies can result in the fall of the rural creative class. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd