City and Regional Planning / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4274
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Article Citation - Scopus: 1Contradicting Parochial Realms in Neighborhood Parks: How the Park Attributes Shape Women’s Park Use(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2023) Kaştaş-uzun, İpek; Şenol, FatmaNeighborhood parks are significant green public spaces located in close social and geographical proximity to homes to maintain individual and public health. However, some people do not use the nearest parks, but those with other socio- spatial attributes that make them feel more “familiar”. This study argues that with their facilities, amenities and design, and the surrounding land uses, neighborhood parks do not only accommodate, but also define, regulate, and originate social relations among users. Thus, the design and planning of urban public spaces play a role in the emergence and maintenance of supportive and conflictual relations that lead to familiarity. The study answers two research questions: How do the park attributes shape and mediate the interpersonal relations among the park users? How do gender differences influence the parochial realms in parks? Data was collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with 33 female users of two neighborhood parks in a populous district of Izmir (Turkey). Results state that women’s park visits were related to their gendered roles and responsibilities. Yet their responses point to challenges emerging from physical and social attributes of parks and park surroundings which lead to negotiations to protect their individual or group’s privacy (parochial realm) in neighborhood parks. Mainly, perceived threats to women’s parochial realm are men unaccompanied by child(ren), and exposure to the male gaze. The study highlights the importance of investigating these attributes of neighborhood parks for developing research and public policies to improve women’s presence and perceived safety in public settings.Research Project Mevcut mahalle parklarının "İhtiyaca Dayalı Hakçalık" açısından değerlendirilmesi: İzmir'deki mahalle pParklarını kimler neden kullanıyor ve kullan(a)mıyor?(2019) Şenol, Fatma; Duran, Hasan Engin; Atay Kaya, İlgi; Şentürk, Burcu; Kaştaş Uzun, İpekBu proje, bireylerin mahalle parkı erişim ve kullanımını, nesnel ve algısal yapılı ve sosyal çevre özelliklerinin etkilediğini, ancak yapılı çevre düzenlemelerinin parkları öncelikle kullanması gerekenlerin (öncelikle çocuklar, çocuklu ev kadınları, yaşlılar ve düşük gelirliler) yaşam koşul ve ihtiyaçlarını gözardı edebildiğini; ve bunun ise adaletsizlik hissine ve parkların az sayıda kişiye erişimiyle kamu kaynaklarının israfına yol açtığını kabul eder. Proje, İzmir?deki mahalle parklarına kimlerin neden ve hangi koşullarda eriş(eme)diği ve kullan(ama)dığını kent, mahalle ve park ölçeğindeki nesnel ve algısal yapılı ve sosyal çevre özelliklerini tespitle değerlendirmiştir. İzmir?de özellikle park-ihtiyaç gruplarının (çocuklar, kadınlar, yaşlılar ve düşük gelirlilerin) mahalle parklarını kullan(ma)ma neden ve koşullarını inceleyen Proje, kamusal kaynakla ve kamu sağlığına yönelik yaratılan parkların kullanımını belirleyen yapılı çevre düzenlemelerinin ihtiyaca-dayalı hakçalığa dayanarak geliştirilmesini ve ilgili araştırma araçlarıyla incelenmesini savunur. Proje bu savunu ve araçlarının il ve kent, mahalle ve park ölçeğinde ve park-ihtiyaç gruplarının mahalle parklarına erişebilirliğini etkileyen koşulların incelenmesinde nasıl kullanılabileceğini uygulamalı araştırmıştır. Dolayısıyla, sağlıklı yaşam çevreleri ve kamusal alanların herkesçe kullanımını hedefleyen kamu ve sivil aktörler için hem yöntemler ve mevcut araçların kullanımına dair rehberlik hem de park kullanımını etkileyen yapılı çevre düzenlemelerine yönelik müdahale alanlarının tarifi hedeflenmiştir. Bulgularımıza göre; İzmir?de bazı park-ihtiyaç gruplarının mahalle oranlarının ve park alan miktarlarının mekansal dağılımları arasında ters orantılı ilişki vardır. ?Parkzengini bölgelerdeki? parklar, park çevresi ve park içi faaliyet alanlarının niceliksel ve niteliksel özelliklerine bağlı olarak (iklim koşulları, konfor ve güvenlik sebepli) ve konut içi açık alanlara erişim sebebiyle az veya dikkatli kullanılmaktadır. Bu bölgelerde ağırlıkla park içine yönelik olumlu müdahaleler özellikle 55+ yaş grupları, bekar veya çocuklu kadınlar ve 14-22 yaş genç nüfusun park kullanımını arttıracaktırArticle Anaokullarının fiziksel ve sosyal erişilebilirlik ölçümü: Konak mahalleleri (İzmir) örneği(Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, 2021) Sayın, Zeynep Melike; Altındaş, Gamze; Şenol, FatmaWhile preschool education contributes to children being more successful individuals with high quality of life in the continuation of their education life, it also emerges as an important factor in women's (mother’s) participation in the labor force. In this respect, preschool education is considered a social policy tool in our country and in the world. This study examines the accessibility of preschools to the neighborhoods in Konak District of İzmir Province in terms of physical and social accessibility at two geographical levels (district and neighborhood) and by using various tools of Geographic Information Systems. In the first stage, the Konak District scale, physical accessibility was evaluated with the geographical location and opportunities of preschools, age groups of the neighborhoods, educational-based features, and purchasing power, the general topographic slope of the area, and service areas of the preschools by network analysis. In the second stage of the study, the social and physical accessibility of preschools is evaluated in terms of educational and spatial opportunities offered by schools, monthly fees, cost of accessing schools by public transportation, and travel time. The study was concluded with evaluations and suggestions for the location of preschools in terms of physical and social accessibility.Article Do Spatial Development Plans Provide Spatial Equity in Access To Public Parks: a Case With a Residential Area in Karabağlar and Buca (i̇zmir)(TMMOB Şehir Plancıları Odası, 2022) Öztürk, Sevim Pelin; Şenol, FatmaPublic parks' location is one of the major factors shaping their accessibility. Many natural and physical features (e.g., topography, stream ways, street network, traffic density, road junctions, and land uses) affect walking distances from dwellings to these loca- tions. Also, the cost of access (measured in time and meter) to these locations vary among age groups with different walk- ing capacities. Spatial plans in Turkey are the documents for de- termining and implementing the allocation of parks. However, plan-making practices have limitations in considering the park accessibility by walking among different groups of dwellers. This study considers the accessibility of public parks as an issue of spatial equity. It evaluates the park accessibility at a recent spatial plan about a residential area in Karabağlar and Buca Districts of İzmir. It aims to assess the allocations of planned parks and propose potential locations for new park areas. With a point- based approach to park accessibility, the study analysis performs the Location-Allocation (LA) Analysis with multiple criteria at Geographic Information Systems. The results show that at the plan, the specified residential area has spatial inequities with park accessibility. Among the other planned public service areas, some locations can be re-planned as new park areas, which partially im- proves spatial inequities at the plan. Also, the study is an example of how to prepare and run the data for the spatial analysis of allocations of public service areas with the help of GIS in TurkeyArticle Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Recent Nation Gardens and Historical Development of Public Green Spaces in Turkey;(Istanbul University Press, 2020) Uzun,I.K.; Şenol,F.; Uzun, İpek Kaştaş; Şenol, FatmaFocusing on contemporary Turkey's "nation gardens" and the state and governmental policies to build them, this study investigated the development processes and design features of these public green spaces with respect to those from past eras of Turkey (extending to Ottoman and pre-Ottoman history) and the development of public green spaces as the state's symbolic and spatial tools. The study relied on secondary sources about public green spaces from past eras of Turkey and also on the review of online news about "nation gardens" initiated after President Erdoǧan's announcement in May 2018. Our findings suggested that public green spaces in Turkey have played an important role in displaying the state's power nationally and internationally as well as to transfer the state's ideologies to people and thus, to build new identities of 'citizens.' Interestingly, in sharing these intentions of past policies for public green spaces, the recent introduction of nation gardens differs from those in the 19th and 20th century. Without any emphasis on modernization goals in the western-style, recent official talks described nation gardens as a way to raise Turkey and the government's reputation both nationally and internationally, while also referring to past eras but with other characteristics as the source of "traditions" extending to today. © 2020 The authors.Article Citation - WoS: 3Bicycle Route Infrastructure Planning Using Gis in an Urban Area: the Case of Izmir(TMMOB Şehir Plancıları Odası, 2020) Özkan, Sevim Pelin; Şenol, Fatma; Özçam, ZeynepAs a case study about İzmir (the third biggest metropolitan city in Turkey), this paper focuses on how to determine bicycle routes in already developed built environments of densely populated cities. To do so, it identifies how to deploy certain geographic information system (GIS) tools for analyzing multilayered spatial data not only at the city but also at the neighborhood level. When interrelating multiple characteristics of majorly topography, land use and population with each other, the study deploys mainly the overlay analysis and also network analysis as complementary to each other respectively at the city level and the neighborhood level. The results confirms that the use of these GIS tools for analyzing socio-spatial data especially at multiple spatial scales can support policy-makers’ decision-makings about route choices in the immediate future of their city even in a “data-poor” context,” such as Turkey.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 6Elected Neighbourhood Officers in a Turkish City (izmir): Gendered Local Participation in Governance(SAGE Publications Inc., 2013) Şenol, FatmaElected Neighbourhood Officers in a Turkish City (Izmir): Gendered Local Participation in Governance By: Senol, Fatma URBAN STUDIES Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Pages: 977-993 Published: APR 2013 Context Sensitive Links Full Text from Publisher Close AbstractClose Abstract This paper explores how gender differences and the local scale influence individuals' conditions (i.e. motivations/issues, resources and styles) for inclusion in formal politics as electoral candidates and then as officers. The experiences of women and men muhtars-elected resident-officers of neighbourhoods-in Izmir (Turkey) in 2008 provided the data. It appeared that political participation via neighbourhood offices is shaped by (in)formal mechanisms of power relations that have been historically male-dominated with patriarchal rule(r)s at the neighbourhood level and with clientelist and statist ones at multiple scales. Men were supported greatly by their gendered neighbourhood-based networks. Women with male backing, including of incumbent muhtars, had better chances. All of the muhtars aimed at guiding residents through the governmental system, experiencing that the centralised state undermined muhtars' representative roles. By following certain tactics a few, mostly women, muhtars were persistent enough to participate in the governmental system that operated through patron-client relationships.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 7Women Running for Neighborhood Offices in a Turkish City: Motivations and Resources for Electoral Candidacy(Elsevier Ltd., 2009) Şenol, FatmaThis study is about how gender and local urban scales interact with each other to influence individuals' motivations and resources for political recruitment. The data came from interviews with twenty women who ran for and lost the 2004 local elections for their neighborhood office, muhtarlik, in Eskisehir, Turkey. Considering both individual and institutional factors and the neighborhood scale as important for women's candidacy for local offices, this paper relies on a "relational" view of citizenship while examining the mediating roles of the local scale for citizenship. My findings overall disagreed with the arguments that "women's interests" drive women to enter politics and that the local offices provide more opportunities for women's political recruitment. As women's roles and responsibilities had been changing across multiple spaces, they ran for elections to search for ways to practice their capacities in public arenas. Yet to the electorates, first, even women with high qualities for the office did not appear as the most qualified candidates. Second, most electorates tended to evaluate candidacy qualities in relation to the neighborhood office's weak status in Turkish political system and as an unskilled job. Third, they seemed to associate this "job" positively with men's traditional domestic role as the main breadwinner, consider women's charity and communal works as women's traditional care responsibilities, and to vote mostly for over-middle-aged male incumbents with locally embedded relations. Finally, women missed an opportunity for their candidacy by not transforming their local network-based assets into resources for candidacy.