City and Regional Planning / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama
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Article Kentlerin Depreme Dirençliliğinin Bina Bazlı Bölgesel Risk Dağılımı Yöntemi İle İncelenmesi: İzmit Kenti Örneği(Afet ve Acil Durum Yonetimi Baskanligi, 2024) Kurt, Deniz Gerçek; Guven, Ismaıl Talıh; Erdogan, HakanTürkiye, yıkıcı deprem üretme potansiyeli yüksek fay hatlarının yer aldığı bir bölgede konumlanmaktadır. Tarih boyunca, Anadolu yarımadasında meydana gelen depremler büyük can ve mal kayıplarına sebep olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, nüfusun ve sanayileşmenin çok yoğun olduğu Marmara Bölgesinde deprem risk değerlendirme çalışmalarının yoğunlaşması ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 6306 sayılı \"Afet Riski Altındaki Alanların Dönüştürülmesi Hakkında Kanun\" kapsamında tanımlanan binaların bölgesel deprem riski dağılımının belirlenmesi için riskli yapıların tespitine ilişkin esaslar başlığı altında öngörülen basitleştirilmiş yöntemler kullanılarak Kocaeli ili İzmit ilçesinde bulunan 19940 bina incelenmiştir. Söz konusu yöntem, hızlı sokak taraması prensiplerini dikkate alarak bölgesel deprem risk önceliklendirmesini hedeflemektedir. Saha incelemelerinden elde edilen sonuçlar, nüfus yoğunluğu ve dağılımı, acil toplanma alanı dağılımı, toplam yapı alanı gibi parametrelerle beraber değerlendirilerek İzmit ilçesinde deprem risk öncelikli bölgelerin belirlenmesine çalışılmıştır.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Region-Specific Turning Points in Territorial Economic Resilience: A Business Cycle Approach To Turkey(Routledge, 2024) Duran, H.E.; Elburz, Z.; Kourtit, K.; Nijkamp, P.Almost all regional economic resilience studies measure resilience by referring to national time patterns of recessions. This study of region-specific patterns of resilience of 81 Turkish regions in the period 2009–20 and their underlying economic/demographic determinants in regions in Turkey shows that ignoring the different timings of regional and national economy recessions leads to misleading/biased results. The study shows first that provincial employment cycles are asynchronous. Second, the geographical pattern of resistance to the last 2018 economic crisis changes considerably when using province-specific rather than national turning points. Third, those provinces that are more open to trade, export- oriented, highly urbanised, and with a low level of human capital and entrepreneurial activities were more resistant to the recession. © 2023 Regional Studies Association.Article Evaluation of the Effects of Covid-19 Lockdowns and Strict Restrictions on İstanbul's Air Quality(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2023) Köse, ŞühedaThe Covid-19 pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China, led to several strict restrictions and lockdowns in Turkey, like many other countries. Although lockdowns have had a socially and economically negative impact, they have affected the air quality in a positive way. The aim of this study is to examine the spatial impact of lockdowns on air quality in İstanbul and to determine the correlation of polluting indicators. In line with the determined purpose, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and NOx parameters were spatialized with ordinary kriging method in 5 different time intervals and the relativity levels between meteorology, transportation and particles that cause pollution were examined with the Pearson correlation method. As a result, lockdowns caused an increase on CO and SO2 by up to 28%, while other particles decreased by 2% to 23%. Compared to 2019, a decrease of up to 60% in all particles except CO and SO2 has shown that lockdowns have a positive effect on air quality. It was observed that the pollution, which was concentrated in urban areas before the pandemic, spread to rural areas with the precautions taken. Temperature, number of vehicles and traffic index were found to play an important role in the emission of particles, while wind speed and direction played an important role in the displacement of pollution. It has been observed that finding a positive correlation between pollutants and the factors that trigger pollution has rapidly changed the ecosystem of the city along with the policies affecting air quality. © 2023, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All rights reserved.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 6Insights for the Enhancement of Urban Biodiversity Using Nature-Based Solutions: the Role of Urban Spaces in Green Infrastructures Design(Springer, 2022) Ronchi, Silvia; Salata, StefanoNature-Based Solutions (NBS) increase their efficacy if included in an overall framework such as Green Infrastructures (GI), maximising ecosystem benefits and avoiding possible negative externalities and trade-offs. Urban green spaces and NBS are components of GI that increase the quality of urban settings, enhancing territorial resilience, and improving the health and well-being of citizens. The research proposes a methodology, tested in the municipality of Settimo Torinese (North-west of Italy), for selecting urban green spaces with high performance in terms of biodiversity conservation, which can involve a GI strategy as a multifunctional structure that combines different Ecosystem Services (ES). The enhancement of natural capital and ES provision is reached identifying suitable NBS to protect and improve biodiversity based on the Habitat Quality (HQ) assessment, considered a key supporting service. HQ was derived testing two different sensitivity data: the first based on Land Use/Land Cover, while the second uses the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index. The latter was functional to overcome limits in representing the ecologic integrity of urban areas highlighting an important variety of green spaces and related ES, especially in compact cities. The results are useful for defining effective environmental policies and strategies in urban areas and addressing the decision-making process towards sustainable development goals. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Article Citation - Scopus: 1Contradicting Parochial Realms in Neighborhood Parks: How the Park Attributes Shape Women’s Park Use(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2023) Kaştaş-uzun, İpek; Şenol, FatmaNeighborhood parks are significant green public spaces located in close social and geographical proximity to homes to maintain individual and public health. However, some people do not use the nearest parks, but those with other socio- spatial attributes that make them feel more “familiar”. This study argues that with their facilities, amenities and design, and the surrounding land uses, neighborhood parks do not only accommodate, but also define, regulate, and originate social relations among users. Thus, the design and planning of urban public spaces play a role in the emergence and maintenance of supportive and conflictual relations that lead to familiarity. The study answers two research questions: How do the park attributes shape and mediate the interpersonal relations among the park users? How do gender differences influence the parochial realms in parks? Data was collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with 33 female users of two neighborhood parks in a populous district of Izmir (Turkey). Results state that women’s park visits were related to their gendered roles and responsibilities. Yet their responses point to challenges emerging from physical and social attributes of parks and park surroundings which lead to negotiations to protect their individual or group’s privacy (parochial realm) in neighborhood parks. Mainly, perceived threats to women’s parochial realm are men unaccompanied by child(ren), and exposure to the male gaze. The study highlights the importance of investigating these attributes of neighborhood parks for developing research and public policies to improve women’s presence and perceived safety in public settings.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 2Lighting Quality and Work Performance Based on Glazing Types and Dynamic Led Lighting(IEEE, 2022) Köse, Fatma Büşra; Tayfur, Gökmen; Duran, Hasan Engin; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeThe combination of daylight characteristics and LED lighting quantities determines offices' visual environment. Lighting conditions can influence office workers' health and work performance. This study is an experimental one containing lighting measurements in two offices, subjective performance tests, and questionnaires to find out how work performance, lighting preferences, and satisfaction with lighting quality modify in terms of various glass types and dynamic LED lighting quantities. Glass types have strong impacts on contrast tests on paper and luminance which are corresponding to work performance. Regarding lighting quality, it strongly relates to the homogeneity of light, the impression of artificial light and the perception of objects' textures and color, contrast balance between paper and the surrounding. When the glass was modified in offices, we observed that participants preferred to change the CCT setting of LED by remote control, and in relation to that the eye-level illuminance and SPDs showed significant changes. So, the findings depicted the importance of the choice of glass types concerning LED lighting settings in terms of the above variables.Book Part An Evaluation of Measuring the Publicness Level of Interiors in Public Building Design: Visual Graph Analysis (vga) Approach(IGI Global, 2021) Aykutlar, Pelin; Kutucu, Seçkin; Can Traunmüller, IşınThis study examines the publicness level of the interior spaces of public buildings. As a method, VGA (visual graph analysis) is used for analyzing the early design phases of selected municipal service buildings. In this study, the authors utilized from VGA for quantifying the publicness level of the two selected architectural competitions of municipality buildings. The method allows us analyzing the floor plans of each project in obtaining an eventual assessment of permeability and accessibility which give an idea of the levels of publicness comparatively. Subsequently, representation parameters are compared under two main criteria: connectivity and integration. The aim of the study is to understand the level of publicness and efficiency of spatial settings for the users circulating in the public buildings, which have dissimilar plan schemes. This method would be used by the designers for early design stage and provide useful feedback for understanding the level of accessibility and permeability of the structures and adjust their schemes accordingly.Article Citation - Scopus: 3Creating Spaces for Art: Long Term Impacts of Street Art in the Urban Context(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022) Kolçak, Emre; Kaya Erol, NursenStreet art can be defined as any informal artistic performances or artworks practiced in the public spaces. Street art has the potential to transform the public spaces by contributing to or reducing the quality of these spaces. Through street art, in many cases, public spaces are transformed into places for entertainment, cultural activities, or areas of protests and expression of the feelings and ideas. The impacts of street art practices might be limited to one part of an open space or spread to a district or even to the entire city depending on its temporal dimen-sion. This article aims to examine the relationship of street art and public space. In this context, the article overviews the concept of street art and demonstrates its positive, negative and temporal impacts on public space. This study uses a case study approach and evaluates the long term impacts of street art practices based on the analysis of three cases in the city of İzmir, Turkey. In İzmir cases it is found out that the street art practices transformed the public space in terms of uses, activities and built environment quality and had impacts on economic and social structure of the community. The findings of this study reveal that street art holds the potential of contributing to the city life through creating spaces for artistic activities and moreover of changing the meaning and identity of the public spaces and the settlements.Book Part Designing Healthier Cities. an Empirical Study of the Ecosystem Functioning and Mortality in the Districts of Turin (italy)(Springer, 2022) Salata, StefanoThe twenty-first century is called “the age of the metropolises and cities” as they become the predominant living environments of human beings. Nonetheless, metropolitan areas are more vulnerable, for their intrinsic nature is dense and interconnected. The experience from the COVID-19 crisis teaches us how an epidemic outburst has been generated by reducing habitat at the planetary scale, and how the quality of the environment even affects the diffusion of the virus. But what is the relation between Health and Nature in urban areas? Is this relation so evident? Within this study, a preliminary assessment of the relations between urban environment and health will be evaluated by modelling the spatial distribution of the Habitat Quality in Turin and the mortality rates in the same areas. Data will be gathered at their maximum spatial precision, thus obtaining a reliable map of the distribution between the two indicators at the district level. Habitat Quality will be composed by the value of the supporting biophysical function and anthropic threats. Health will be evaluated using the death number in the statistical units and the accessibility of citizens to green areas. An overall assessment will be finally presented considering the simultaneous evaluation of spatial clusters and delineating how conservation and valorization measures can benefit from a site-specific evaluation of Ecosystem Services, while revealing their effects on human health.Article Citation - Scopus: 8The Rise and Fall of the Rural Creative Class: The Case of Alaçatı(Elsevier, 2021) İnce Keller, İrem; Velibeyoğlu, KorayThe rural creative class contributes to the cultural life and local economic growth in small towns. Although creative based development mitigates various negative externalities of tourism development, small towns have started to suffer from the vicious circle of creative tourism which often entails the displacement of the rural creative class and locals. In this article, we examine the rise and fall of the rural creative class to better understand the vicious circle perspective of creative-based development in small towns. The study focuses on the growth and transformation process of the creative district in Alaçatı, which is a small town in İzmir (Turkey). The study applies mixed method approaches including longitudinal observations and in-depth interviews in three stages: in 2013, 2016 and 2019. The results reveal that creative tourism can be used as a potential development tool in small town settings. However, the lack of comprehensive creative-based tourism development strategies can result in the fall of the rural creative class. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd