City and Regional Planning / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4274
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Article Kentlerin Depreme Dirençliliğinin Bina Bazlı Bölgesel Risk Dağılımı Yöntemi İle İncelenmesi: İzmit Kenti Örneği(Afet ve Acil Durum Yonetimi Baskanligi, 2024) Kurt, Deniz Gerçek; Guven, Ismaıl Talıh; Erdogan, HakanTürkiye, yıkıcı deprem üretme potansiyeli yüksek fay hatlarının yer aldığı bir bölgede konumlanmaktadır. Tarih boyunca, Anadolu yarımadasında meydana gelen depremler büyük can ve mal kayıplarına sebep olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, nüfusun ve sanayileşmenin çok yoğun olduğu Marmara Bölgesinde deprem risk değerlendirme çalışmalarının yoğunlaşması ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 6306 sayılı \"Afet Riski Altındaki Alanların Dönüştürülmesi Hakkında Kanun\" kapsamında tanımlanan binaların bölgesel deprem riski dağılımının belirlenmesi için riskli yapıların tespitine ilişkin esaslar başlığı altında öngörülen basitleştirilmiş yöntemler kullanılarak Kocaeli ili İzmit ilçesinde bulunan 19940 bina incelenmiştir. Söz konusu yöntem, hızlı sokak taraması prensiplerini dikkate alarak bölgesel deprem risk önceliklendirmesini hedeflemektedir. Saha incelemelerinden elde edilen sonuçlar, nüfus yoğunluğu ve dağılımı, acil toplanma alanı dağılımı, toplam yapı alanı gibi parametrelerle beraber değerlendirilerek İzmit ilçesinde deprem risk öncelikli bölgelerin belirlenmesine çalışılmıştır.Article Evaluation of the Effects of Covid-19 Lockdowns and Strict Restrictions on İstanbul's Air Quality(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2023) Köse, ŞühedaThe Covid-19 pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China, led to several strict restrictions and lockdowns in Turkey, like many other countries. Although lockdowns have had a socially and economically negative impact, they have affected the air quality in a positive way. The aim of this study is to examine the spatial impact of lockdowns on air quality in İstanbul and to determine the correlation of polluting indicators. In line with the determined purpose, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and NOx parameters were spatialized with ordinary kriging method in 5 different time intervals and the relativity levels between meteorology, transportation and particles that cause pollution were examined with the Pearson correlation method. As a result, lockdowns caused an increase on CO and SO2 by up to 28%, while other particles decreased by 2% to 23%. Compared to 2019, a decrease of up to 60% in all particles except CO and SO2 has shown that lockdowns have a positive effect on air quality. It was observed that the pollution, which was concentrated in urban areas before the pandemic, spread to rural areas with the precautions taken. Temperature, number of vehicles and traffic index were found to play an important role in the emission of particles, while wind speed and direction played an important role in the displacement of pollution. It has been observed that finding a positive correlation between pollutants and the factors that trigger pollution has rapidly changed the ecosystem of the city along with the policies affecting air quality. © 2023, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All rights reserved.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 6Insights for the Enhancement of Urban Biodiversity Using Nature-Based Solutions: the Role of Urban Spaces in Green Infrastructures Design(Springer, 2022) Ronchi, Silvia; Salata, StefanoNature-Based Solutions (NBS) increase their efficacy if included in an overall framework such as Green Infrastructures (GI), maximising ecosystem benefits and avoiding possible negative externalities and trade-offs. Urban green spaces and NBS are components of GI that increase the quality of urban settings, enhancing territorial resilience, and improving the health and well-being of citizens. The research proposes a methodology, tested in the municipality of Settimo Torinese (North-west of Italy), for selecting urban green spaces with high performance in terms of biodiversity conservation, which can involve a GI strategy as a multifunctional structure that combines different Ecosystem Services (ES). The enhancement of natural capital and ES provision is reached identifying suitable NBS to protect and improve biodiversity based on the Habitat Quality (HQ) assessment, considered a key supporting service. HQ was derived testing two different sensitivity data: the first based on Land Use/Land Cover, while the second uses the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index. The latter was functional to overcome limits in representing the ecologic integrity of urban areas highlighting an important variety of green spaces and related ES, especially in compact cities. The results are useful for defining effective environmental policies and strategies in urban areas and addressing the decision-making process towards sustainable development goals. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Article Citation - Scopus: 1Contradicting Parochial Realms in Neighborhood Parks: How the Park Attributes Shape Women’s Park Use(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2023) Kaştaş-uzun, İpek; Şenol, FatmaNeighborhood parks are significant green public spaces located in close social and geographical proximity to homes to maintain individual and public health. However, some people do not use the nearest parks, but those with other socio- spatial attributes that make them feel more “familiar”. This study argues that with their facilities, amenities and design, and the surrounding land uses, neighborhood parks do not only accommodate, but also define, regulate, and originate social relations among users. Thus, the design and planning of urban public spaces play a role in the emergence and maintenance of supportive and conflictual relations that lead to familiarity. The study answers two research questions: How do the park attributes shape and mediate the interpersonal relations among the park users? How do gender differences influence the parochial realms in parks? Data was collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with 33 female users of two neighborhood parks in a populous district of Izmir (Turkey). Results state that women’s park visits were related to their gendered roles and responsibilities. Yet their responses point to challenges emerging from physical and social attributes of parks and park surroundings which lead to negotiations to protect their individual or group’s privacy (parochial realm) in neighborhood parks. Mainly, perceived threats to women’s parochial realm are men unaccompanied by child(ren), and exposure to the male gaze. The study highlights the importance of investigating these attributes of neighborhood parks for developing research and public policies to improve women’s presence and perceived safety in public settings.Article Citation - Scopus: 3Creating Spaces for Art: Long Term Impacts of Street Art in the Urban Context(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022) Kolçak, Emre; Kaya Erol, NursenStreet art can be defined as any informal artistic performances or artworks practiced in the public spaces. Street art has the potential to transform the public spaces by contributing to or reducing the quality of these spaces. Through street art, in many cases, public spaces are transformed into places for entertainment, cultural activities, or areas of protests and expression of the feelings and ideas. The impacts of street art practices might be limited to one part of an open space or spread to a district or even to the entire city depending on its temporal dimen-sion. This article aims to examine the relationship of street art and public space. In this context, the article overviews the concept of street art and demonstrates its positive, negative and temporal impacts on public space. This study uses a case study approach and evaluates the long term impacts of street art practices based on the analysis of three cases in the city of İzmir, Turkey. In İzmir cases it is found out that the street art practices transformed the public space in terms of uses, activities and built environment quality and had impacts on economic and social structure of the community. The findings of this study reveal that street art holds the potential of contributing to the city life through creating spaces for artistic activities and moreover of changing the meaning and identity of the public spaces and the settlements.Book Part Designing Healthier Cities. an Empirical Study of the Ecosystem Functioning and Mortality in the Districts of Turin (italy)(Springer, 2022) Salata, StefanoThe twenty-first century is called “the age of the metropolises and cities” as they become the predominant living environments of human beings. Nonetheless, metropolitan areas are more vulnerable, for their intrinsic nature is dense and interconnected. The experience from the COVID-19 crisis teaches us how an epidemic outburst has been generated by reducing habitat at the planetary scale, and how the quality of the environment even affects the diffusion of the virus. But what is the relation between Health and Nature in urban areas? Is this relation so evident? Within this study, a preliminary assessment of the relations between urban environment and health will be evaluated by modelling the spatial distribution of the Habitat Quality in Turin and the mortality rates in the same areas. Data will be gathered at their maximum spatial precision, thus obtaining a reliable map of the distribution between the two indicators at the district level. Habitat Quality will be composed by the value of the supporting biophysical function and anthropic threats. Health will be evaluated using the death number in the statistical units and the accessibility of citizens to green areas. An overall assessment will be finally presented considering the simultaneous evaluation of spatial clusters and delineating how conservation and valorization measures can benefit from a site-specific evaluation of Ecosystem Services, while revealing their effects on human health.Article Urban Protection And Renewal Dilemma: İzmir Mezarlıkbaşı(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2021) Akpınar, Figen; Turan, Mine; Toköz, Özge DenizAt the beginning of the 21st century, efforts to preserve cultural heritage in historical settlements is a highly problematic and multi-faceted issue in Turkey. Al-though conservation legislation dates back to 60 years ago, heritage conservation has not been internalized and accepted in the wider part of society, and, has not established a sound political foundation. On the other, however, there is also a lack of integrated land-use planning and management. The purpose of this study is to present the difficulties of dealing with the conservation, renewal, and regeneration for heritage areas in the historic core of İzmir, Mezarlıkbaşı-Kemeraltı, as well as to discuss the intrinsic physical qualities, dynamic characters and diversity of community groups with a view of new spatial agenda. The objective of the study is therefore twofold: 1) documentation of the physical characteristics and values for understanding the place; 2) to evaluate incorporating integrated strategic planning and management approach pointing the need for incorporating, leadership, partnership, integration and inclusion as a policy guideline for the safeguarding the heritage area. Our findings show that the Municipality of İzmir has made a significant attempt as TARKEM’s leadership position, which has succeeded in attracting national and international interest in Kemeraltı and creating opportunities for the future, but partnership (operation), management (structure) and inclusion (its processes) still lack. Community groups are not seen as part of the planning activities and planning has been remote, fragmented and exclusively missing an integrated planning management approach. © 2021, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All rights reserved.Article Citation - Scopus: 6Regional Effects of Monetary Policy: Turkey Case(Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies, 2014) Duran, Hasan Engin; Erdem, UmutMonetary policy is primarily designed for national purposes, say price stability. However, its impact may vary significantly across regions. Why some regions respond more strongly to monetary policy is a challenging topic both theoretically and empirically. Indeed, three main hypothesis on this issue have been put forward: (i) regions with high share of manufacturing, (ii) regions that include higher proportion of small-scale firms and banks, (iii) regions which are more open to trade are likely to respond more strongly to changes in monetary policy. Although these hypotheses have been thoroughly and heatedly discussed by a strand of scholars, far little attention has been paid to the role of geographical factors and spatial spillovers. In fact, we precisely address this issue. Aim of the present paper is to examine the validity of three hypotheses and, additionally, the role of spatial spillovers in regional monetary transmission mechanism in Turkey. Our analyses indicate three major results: First, provinces respond quite heterogeneously to unexpected changes in monetary policy. Second, spatial spillovers and geographical proximity clearly matter in monetary transmission such that neighboring regions are likely to exhibit similar reactions to monetary policy. Third, among the hypothesis above bank size and trade openness are found to be significant.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 1Evaluation of the Conservation Activities in the Historical Settlement Tenedos-Bozcaada Island(WITPress, 2011) Akpınar, Figen; Saygın, Nicel; Karakaya, EmelThe efforts for the conservation of cultural heritage in historical settlements are a highly problematic and multi-faceted issue in Turkey. Although the conservation legislation dates back 50 years, the cultural heritage has not been internalized and not accepted in wider parts of the society and, has not found a solid political base. The historical and cultural heritage areas are mostly marketed for tourism and turned into places as the simulacrum of the elitist and middle class tastes. Tenedos (Bozcaada) Island inherits the rich cultural heritage of two millennia. The Island is in danger of losing its social, cultural and multi-ethnical characteristic where Turkish and Greek societies live harmoniously. The architectural, economic and ecological values are also in danger because of the rise of touristic activities and the construction of vacation homes as well as the State's withdrawal to provide subsidy to the agricultural sector that took place after the 1980s in parallel with the general economic policies adopting global economic restructuring. The objective of the paper is to highlight the multidimensional character of the social and spatial process which is enmeshed in the conservation activities of the Island. The values and norms, social, economic considerations in the conservation activities need a new approach and, without existence of a common will and a wider participation of the society it is hard to expect any success in the conservation of the rich cultural values, and to assess, develop and carry them into the future. A bundle of techniques are used: a large survey analysis of the area is realized and its social, historical and physical characteristics are documented. Questionnaires, in-depth interviews are used in order to detect the difficulties for conservation of the heritage in part of the responsible public bodies. The public and tourism sector opinions, thoughts and aspirations are surveyed. Even though, the preservation of Tenedos Island's cultural heritage appears to be a difficult challenge, there seems to be some positive clues for the future. © 2011 WIT Press.Conference Object A Data Coding and Screening System for Accident Risk Patterns: A Learning System(WITPress, 2011) Geçer Sargın, Feral; Geçer Sargın, Feral; Duvarcı, Yavuz; Duvarcı, Yavuz; İnan, E.; İnan, E.; Kumova, Bora İsmail; Kumova, Bora İsmail; Atay Kaya, İlgi; Atay Kaya, İlgiAccidents on urban roads can occur for many reasons, and the contributing factors together pose some complexity in the analysis of the casualties. In order to simplify the analysis and track changes from one accident to another for comparability, an authentic data coding and category analysis methods are developed, leading to data mining rules. To deal with a huge number of parameters, first, most qualitative data are converted into categorical codes (alpha-numeric), so that computing capacity would also be increased. Second, the whole data entry per accident are turned into ID codes, meaning each crash is possibly unique in attributes, called 'accident combination', reducing the large number of similar value accident records into smaller sets of data. This genetical code technique allows us to learn accident types with its solid attributes. The learning (output averages) provides a decision support mechanism for taking necessary cautions for similar combinations. The results can be analyzed by inputs, outputs (attributes), time (years) and the space (streets). According to Izmir's case results; sampled data and its accident combinations are obtained for 3 years (2005 - 2007) and their attributes are learned. © 2011 WIT Press.