IZTECH Research Centers Collection / İYTE Araştırma Merkezleri Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/2636
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Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 8Structural Controls and Hydrogeochemical Properties of Geothermal Fields in the Varto(TÜBİTAK Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Uzelli, Taygun; Sener, Mehmet Furkan; Dolek, Iskender; Baba, Alper; Sozbilir, Hasan; Dirik, Ramazan KadirVarto and the surrounding region have important geothermal fields, developing in strike-slip tectonic setting in East Anatolia, which resulted from the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates. The main structural elements in the area are the NE-trending sinistral and NW-trending dextral strike-slip fault segments and N-S trending extension zones. In order to determine fault-controlled geothermal circulation, it is very important to fully characterize the structural elements in these complex environments. The widely distributed volcanic rocks have fracture and crack systems that play an important role in surface infiltration, geothermal fluid, and groundwater circulation. Especially in areas where the fault segments intersect, hot springs outlets and natural resources easily come to the surface. In order to understand the flow paths of geothermal fluid along the faults in these geothermal systems, it is necessary to determine the stress state of the faults and to map the distribution of the structural elements. For this reason, we conducted a detailed study on the Varto Fault Zone, which has important geothermal fields in Eastern Anatolia. We present conceptual models of the geothermal fields in the Varto region that show favorable geothermal activity on the intersecting fault segments, fault bends, step-overs, and accompanying fracture-crack sets. As a result, we emphasize that the planes of strike-slip faults in transtensional areas are more favorable for secondary permeability and enhances the geothermal fluid circulation, and this can be supported by hydrogeochemical data.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 15Effects of Seismic Activity on Groundwater Level and Geothermal Systems in İzmir, Western Anatolia, Turkey: the Case Study From October 30, 2020 Samos Earthquake(TÜBİTAK - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2021) Uzelli, Taygun; Bilgiç, Esra; Öztürk, Bahadır; Baba, Alper; Sözbilir, Hasan; Tatar, OrhanThe October 30, 2020 Samos earthquake (Mw 6.6) affected the Aegean Sea and environs, caused destruction and loss of life in the city of İzmir located 70 km away from the earthquake epicenter. Before this earthquake, water resources were monitored in the areas of Bayraklı, Gülbahçe, and Seferihisar. For this purpose, 10 groundwater monitoring wells were drilled in the Bayraklı area, where groundwater level, temperature, and electrical conductivity changes were monitored at 1-h intervals in 5 wells. Besides physical parameters such as groundwater levels, temperatures and electrical conductivities, hydrogeochemical cations, and anions measured in the study area. Change in the groundwater levels was observed before, during, and after the Samos earthquake. A trend of rising groundwater level was observed two days before the mainshock, to a height of 10 cm, and the level was maintained till the end of the earthquake. The water levels returned to its original height after about 7 to 10 days of the earthquake. Moreover, electrical conductivity (EC) values were changed because of the interaction with the surrounding rocks and well walls, mixing with different waters during the earthquake shaking. The essential anomalies were observed in the geothermal fields of Gülbahçe and Seferihisar. Due to this earthquake, new geothermal springs emerged along the NE-SW trending Gülbahçe and Tuzla faults, located about 50 to 20 km from the Samos earthquake epicenter, respectively. The new geothermal waters are in Na-Cl composition and similar to other geothermal springs in the region. While the recorded water temperatures in the new geothermal springs vary from 40 to 45 °C in Seferihisar, it was measured between 35 and 40 °C in Gülbahçe. Due to these anomalies, it is found essential to monitor the effect of the earthquake on the physical and chemical characteristics of the groundwater and its usefulness in earthquake predictions.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 10Characterization of Sb Scaling and Fluids in Saline Geothermal Power Plants: a Case Study for Germencik Region (büyük Menderes Graben, Turkey)(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Tonkul, Serhat; Baba, Alper; Demir, Mustafa M.; Regenspurg, SimonaTurkey is located on the seismically active Alpine-Himalayan belt. Although tectonic activity causes seismicity in the Anatolian plate, it also constitutes an important geothermal energy resource. Today, geothermal energy production is heavily concentrated in Turkey's Western Anatolia region. Graben systems in this region are very suitable for geothermal resources. The Buyuk Menderes Graben (BMG) is an area of complex geology with active tectonics and high geothermal potential power. Germencik (Aydin) is located in the BMG, where the geothermal waters include mainly Na-Cl-HCO3 water types. This study examined the stibnite scaling formed in the preheater system of the Germencik Geothermal Field (GGF). The formation of the stibnite scaling on the preheater system dramatically reduces the energy harvesting of the GGF. Considering the stibnite scaling in the surface equipment, the optimum reinjection temperature was determined as 95 degrees C to prevent stibnite scaling in the GGF.Article Citation - WoS: 55Citation - Scopus: 67Desalination: From Ancient To Present and Future(MDPI, 2021) Angelakis, Andreas N.; Valipour, Mohammad; Choo, Kwang-Ho; Ahmed, Abdelkader T.; Baba, Alper; Kumar, Rohitashw; Toor, Gurpal S.Water is life, and without water, there would be no civilizations and a vacant Earth. Water is considered an abundant natural resource on the earth. Water covers 3/4 of the surface. However, 97% of the available water on the earth is salty oceanic water, and only a tiny fraction (3%) is freshwater. This small portion of the available water supplies the needs of humans and animals. However, freshwater exists in underground, rivers, and lakes and is insufficient to cover all the world's water demands. Thus, water saving, water reuse, rainwater harvesting, stormwater utilization, and desalination are critical for maintaining water supplies for the future of humanity. Desalination has a long history spanning centuries from ancient times to the present. In the last two decades, desalination has been rapidly expanding to meet water needs in stressed water regions of the world. Yet, there are still some problems with its implementation in several areas of the world. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the history of desalination for wiser and smarter water extraction and uses to sustain and support the water needs of the earth's inhabitants.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Groundwater Recharge Estiaton in the Alaşehir Sub-Basin Using Hydro-Geochemical Data; Alaşehir Case Study(Springer, 2021) Tonkul, Serhat; Baba, Alper; Şimşek, Celalettin; Demirkesen, Ali CanThe issue of groundwater recharge has gained importance in countries where there is not enough water supply to the aquifer. However, groundwater recharge is a difficult parameter to determine. This difficulty stems from factors such as the location of the area to be studied, time, cost, and hydrological data. Numerical, isotope, and chemical approaches are used in groundwater recharge investigations. Numerical and chemical approaches are more costly and time-consuming than chemical approaches. This study aims to ascertain alluvial aquifer recharge in Alaehir (Manisa) sub-basin using chemical approaches (Chloride Mass Balance Method) and its applicability. For this purpose, research wells were drilled at 25 different points in the alluvial aquifer, water sampling was done in wet and dry periods, and rainwater water samples were collected. Groundwater recharge was calculated by using chemical approaches from the chloride concentrations of the water samples collected. An annual average of 74.84 mm of recharge was found in the Alaehir sub-basin. This value corresponds to 16.38% of annual rainfall. At the same time, it was examined the groundwater and geothermal mixing mechanism to demonstrate the applicability of the Chloride Mass Balance Method. It was concluded that geothermal fluid in Alaehir sub-basin mixed with groundwater at a rate of 17%.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 7Effect of High Salinity and Temperature on Water-Volcanic Rock Interaction(Springer, 2021) Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Topçu, Gökhan; Demir, Mustafa Muammer; Demir, Mustafa M.; Baba, Alper; Baba, AlperIn order to understand the processes occurring in natural hydrothermal systems, it was carried out a series of water-volcanic rock interaction studies in the laboratory and an intermediate volcanic rock samples from geothermal production wells in Tuzla geothermal field (TGF) in western Turkey. A high-pressure autoclave was used to conduct water-rock interaction experiments under similar conditions of the field. Rainwater and seawater were treated with volcanic rocks at 140 degrees C (reservoir temperature) and 4.5 bar pressure. The change in the ionic content of the resulting fluids was examined in terms of the type of volcanic rocks and mineral saturation index. The results indicate that talc and diopside minerals in geothermal systems may cause scaling at high temperatures depending on the geothermal fluid and pH.Article Citation - WoS: 32Citation - Scopus: 30Geochemical and Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Kozaklı Geothermal Fluids, Central Anatolia, Turkey(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Baba, Alper; Şener, Mehmet FurkanKozaklı is one of the most important areas of Central Anatolia in terms of geothermal potential and it is characterized by thrust and normal faults. These faults, accommodating deep circulation of hydrothermal fluids of meteoric origin, are the primary controls of the geothermal systems in this region. Chemical and isotopic composition of the hot springs and geothermal fluids was monitored throughout 2017. The surface temperature of the fluid ranges from 24.9 to 96 °C. The cold spring waters are mostly of the Ca-Mg−HCO3 type in the study area. Major element chemistry of the water reveals that the deep geothermal fluids are mostly of the Na-Ca-Cl-SO4 type while the shallow geothermal well waters are Ca-Na−HCO3 waters. Silica geothermometers suggest that the reservoir temperature ranges from 103 to 173 °C. Based on the δ18O–δD relationship, water samples have a high-altitude meteoric origin. Stable isotopic data indicate that the geothermal fluids are formed by local recharge and deep circulation of meteoric waters. The Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium (REY) composition showed that Eu, Ce and Y anomalies are related both to inheritance from geological host materials and the fractionation of these elements during water-rock interactions.Article Citation - WoS: 30Citation - Scopus: 36Hydrogeological Properties of Hyper-Saline Geothermal Brine and Application of Inhibiting Siliceous Scale Via Ph Modification(Elsevier Ltd., 2015) Baba, Alper; Demir, Mustafa Muammer; Koç, Gonca A.; Tuğcu, CelalScaling is a major obstacle in harnessing of geothermal energy from the geothermal resources. This paper presents a case study for inhibition of metal silicate scaling using formic acid, harvesting more energy in particular case of Tuzla Geothermal Field (TGF), located on Biga Peninsula, in the northwestern of Turkey. TGF is 5. km far from Aegean Sea and 80. km south of Çanakkale. Geothermal fluid of TGF has high salinity (EC. > 91. mS/cm) and medium temperature (reservoir temperature is 173. °C). The acidification of high-salinity brine to mitigate silicate scaling is examined. Results of the study showed that a compromise between scaling and corrosion is achieved by reducing pH of brine to <6 using 55. ppm formic acid.