Mechanical Engineering / Makina Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4129
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Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 3Design and Manufacturing of a Hip Joint Motion Simulator With a Novel Modular Design Approach(Springer, 2024) Torabnia, S.; Mihçin, D.Ş.; Lazoglu, I.The study is aimed to develop a hip joint wear simulator using a modular design approach to help experimentally monitor and control critical wear parameters to validate in-silico wear models. The proper control and application of wear parameters such as the range of motion, and the applied force values while estimating the lost material due to wear are essential for thorough analysis of wear phenomena for artificial joints. The simulator's dynamics were first modeled, then dynamic loading data was used to calculate the forces, which were further used for topology optimization to reduce the forces acting on each joint. The reduction of the link weights, connected to the actuators, intends to improve the quality of motion transferred to the femoral head. The modular design approach enables topology-optimized geometry, associated gravitational and dynamic forces, resulting in a cost-effective, energy-efficient product. Moreover, this design allows integration of the subject specific data by allowing different boundary conditions following the requirements of industry 5.0. Overall, the in-vitro motion stimulations of the hip-joint prosthesis and the modular design approach used in the study might help improve the accuracy and the effectiveness of wear simulations, which could lead into the development of better and longer-lasting joint prostheses for all. The subject-specific and society-based daily life data implemented as boundary conditions enable inclusion of the personalized effects. Next, with the results of the simulator, CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) application is intended to cover the personalized effects for previously excluded populations, providing solution to inclusive design for all. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 11Experimental Investigation of Spray Characteristics of Ethyl Esters in a Constant Volume Chamber(Springer, 2024) Ulu, A.; Yildiz, G.; Özkol, Ü.; Rodriguez, A.D.Abstract: Biodiesels are mainly produced via the utilization of methanol in transesterification, which is the widespread biodiesel production process. The majority of this methanol is currently obtained from fossil resources, i.e. coal and natural gas. However, in contrast with methanol, biomass-based ethanol can also be used to produce biodiesels; this could allow the production line to become fully renewable. This study aimed to investigate the spray characteristics of various ethyl ester type biodiesels derived from sunflower and corn oils in comparison to methyl esters based on the same feedstocks and reference petroleum-based diesel. Spray penetration length (SPL) and spray cone angle (SCA) were experimentally evaluated in a constant volume chamber allowing optical access, under chamber pressures of 0, 5, 10 and 15 bar and injection pressures of 600 and 800 bar. Sauter mean diameter (SMD) values were estimated by using an analytical correlation. Consequently, ethyl esters performed longer SPL (2.8–20%) and narrower SCA (5.1–19%) than diesel under ambient pressures of 5 and 10 bar. Although the SMD values of ethyl esters were 48% higher than diesel on average, their macroscopic spray characteristics were very similar to those of diesel under 15 bar chamber pressure. Moreover, ethyl esters were found to be very similar to methyl esters in terms of spray characteristics. The differences in SPL, SCA and SMD values for both types of biodiesels were lower than 4%. When considering the uncertainty (± 0.84%) and repeatability (±5%) ratios, the difference between the spray characteristics of methyl and ethyl esters was not major. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Conference Object A Parametric Numerical Analysis of Laminar Hydrogen Diffusion Flames(International Association for Hydrogen Energy, IAHE, 2022) Korucu, Ayşe; Benim, Ali CemalAtmospheric, laminar, diffusion flames of hydrogen and air are numerically investigated. A detailed hydrogen combustion reaction scheme, in combination with the extended Zeldovich mechanism for the thermal nitrogen oxide formation are used. For comparison purposes, a global mechanism is also applied. The numerical procedure is first validated by comparisons with results of other authors. Subsequently, parametric studies are performed to find optimal solutions with respect to the related to the operation parameters of such flames to achieve minimum low nitrogen oxide emission levels. The question that are addressed include the Reynolds number effect on nitrogen emissions, and the interaction of neighbouring flames, when they are applied in an array. For ensuring an adequately fine resolution of the flame fronts, local adaptive grid refinement techniques are applied to track the flame front. For preliminary results the radiative heat loses has assumed to be insignificant however it should be taken into the account for the further analyses. The maximum temperature is predicted to be ~2040 K which is higher than the reported adiabatic stoichiometric flame temperature, 2023K for the exit velocity of 0.5 m/s. The radial mole fractions of N2 and H2 at the centerline are observed to be 0.66 and 0.41 respectively at the axial distance of 10 mm. Furthermore, the width of the high temperature region of the flame is observed to be ~6.5 mm. © 2022 Proceedings of WHEC 2022 - 23rd World Hydrogen Energy Conference: Bridging Continents by H2. All rights reserved.Conference Object Cash Flow Forecasting by Using Time Series Methods in Geothermal District Heating Systems: Balcova - Narlidere Case(National Technical University of Athens, 2006) Erdoğmuş, Abdullah Berkan; Özerdem, BarışCash flow forecasting is one of the difficult and important tasks in an economic evaluation of a geothermal investment. Geothermal district heating systems are characterized by a high capital cost. In addition, relatively low operation and maintenance costs occur throughout their life. The aim of this research is to estimate the potential cash flows for Balcova - Narlidere Geothermal District Heating System by using historical data accumulated over a period of time and several forecasting methods: moving average, exponential smoothing, adjusted exponential smoothing and curve fitting functions. Mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) which is the most common approach to select the appropriate method to a particular time series is used in the selection of the most suitable model. Alternative methods are compared with each other regarding to their MAPD values. It is found that the models represented by exponential curve fitting functions have smaller MAPD values and give better results in cash flow forecasting of investment investigated.Conference Object Underground Gasification in Western Black Sea Area and Thermodynamic Analysis(2006) Atagündüz, GürbüzAs known, western Black Sea carboniferous coal fields consist of two main fields: Zonguldak and Amasra. Previous research works have shown that Zonguldak area is not suitable for underground coal gasification. The joint studies done since 1994 by the Department of Geology and the Solar Energy Institute of Aegean University and, the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Ministry of Energy and Natural Sources have shown that the Amasra coal field is suitable with certain restrictions for the underground coal gasification. In the present work, the suitability of the Amasra - coal field for underground coal gasification will be discussed and the "Controlled Retraction of the Injection Point; CRIP"- Method which was successfully used and tested in the American field experiments will be described briefly. A brief thermodynamic analysis of the gasification process will be given which should help, as a tool, to the theoretical prediction of the underground coal gasification.Conference Object Tıbbi Uygulamalar için Özgün Yapılı Haptik Cihaz Tasarımı(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2009) Selvi, Özgün; Bilgincan, Tunç; Kant, Yalkın; Dede, Mehmet İsmet CanRobotik sistemler hassasiyet gerektiren işlerde gün geçtilçe günlük hayatımızın bir parçası olmaya başladı. Bu işler genellikle herhangi bir operatör tarafından yapılamayacak kadar hassasiyet gerektiren işler olduğundan dolayı robotik teknolojiye ihtiyaç vardır. Bir robotik alanı olan Haptik teknolojisi, operatör ile çevrenin etkileşimini kuvvet geri beslemesi ile sağlayarak uygulamanın hassasiyet seviyesini arttırmaktadır. Bugünkü haliyle haptik teknoloji tıbbi operasyonlarda yardımcı sistem olarak ve birçok uzaktan kumandalı operasyonlarında (teleoperasyon) kullanılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda haptik teknoloji askeri ve tıbbi eğitim amaçlı sanal gerçeklik programlarında kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sistemin hassasiyetini arttırabilecek yapısal olarak yeni bir haptik cihaz tasarlamaktır. Bu kapsamda, önceden gerçekleştirilmiş robot tasarımları araştırıldı ve kavramsal tasarımlar gelistirildi. Sonuç olarak seçilen tasarım sanal ortam da oluşturuldu ve simülasyonu yapıldı, ve ilk prototipi imal edildiConference Object Circular and Semi-Circular Constructal Vascular Channels for Cooling and Reduced Stresses(Publishing Romanian Academy-Editura Academiei Romane, 2017) Çetkin, ErdalIn this paper, we show how the vascular channel configuration and its shape affect the mechanical strength which is simultaneously subjected to heating and mechanical load. The effect of channel cross-section on the coolant mass flow rate, peak temperature and peak stresses are documented. The material properties were defined as functions of temperature in simulations. The results show that the flow of stresses and fluid is minimum with the circular channels and the resistance to the heat flow is the smallest with semi-circular channels. In addition, morphing the vascular design provides almost the smallest resistance to the heat flow with circular channels (0.3% difference in the peak temperature). This shows that even the convective resistances are the smallest with circular-cross section, overall thermal resistance is smaller in semi-circular design for the fixed fluid volume. The peak stress is smaller with semi-circular channels than the circular ones if the pressure drop is less than 500 Pa for the radial design. However, the peak stress is smaller with hybrid design than the semi-circular radial designs for the entire pressure drop range. In addition, the effects of mechanical load, heating rate and reference temperature on the stress distribution are also documented. Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical stresses are also documented separately, and then compared with the coupled solution cases. The chief result of this paper is that for a coupled system minimizing only one of the resistance terms is not sufficient, all the resistances considered simultaneously in order to uncover the best performing design. In addition, the results show that the designs should be free to vary, the unexpected designs can be the best performing designs for the given parameters and constraints. Therefore, the design parameters based on the experience does not always yield the best performing designs as the objectives and constraints vary. This result is in accord with the constructal law.Conference Object Molecular Modeling of Force Driven Gas Flows in Nano-Channels(International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICCFD), 2016) Barışık, MuratNano-scale gas transport plays an important role in many micro/nanotechnology applications where the rarefied gas dynamics based solutions are frequently used by maintaining a “dynamic similarity” between low pressure (rarefied) and nano gas flows. However, such a consideration is incomplete since the surface force field effects dominant in nano-levels induce significant variations. In order to specify the surface force effects on gas transport, we define a new parameter (B) as the ratio of force penetration length to the channel height, and studied the length scales and conditions for applicability of current rarefied gas dynamics on nano-scale gas flows. Using Molecular Dynamics, force driven gas flows were characterized as a function of B parameter and Knudsen number. Results showed that for a negligible value of B parameter (B?0) transport can be described by rarefied gas dynamics in the whole Knudsen range while the velocity profiles are parabolic and the variation of mass flow rate shows the well-known Knudsen minimum around Kn=1. As the flow dimension decreases, B becomes a finite value indicating the dominancy of surface force effects over rarefaction, and gas velocities and mass transport significantly deviates from the kinetic theory predictions. © 2016 9th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ICCFD 2016 - Proceedings. All rights reserved.Conference Object Development of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Nanocomposites by a Combination of Semi-Solid Stirring and Ultrasonic Treatment(European Conference on Composite Materials, 2016) Kandemir, Sinan; Aydoğan, YücelGraphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) consisting of graphene layers with a thickness less than 100 nm have recently emerged as a promising reinforcement type owing to their excellent physical and mechanical properties to improve mechanical properties of alloys beyond ceramic nanoparticles. Although there are numerous studies on GNPs reinforced polymer matrix composites in the literature, the number of studies related to the incorporation of GNPs in metal matrices is limited. It is a challenging task to incorporate and uniformly distribute GNPs into liquid metals due to their poor wettability and large surface-to-volume ratio. The purpose of this study is to effectively disperse GNPs into liquid aluminium. 0.5 wt.% GNPs with an average thickness of 50-100 nm and size of 5 ?m were first incorporated into A360 aluminium alloy under semi-solid stirring, and then the composite was ultrasonically treated in fully liquid state. The microstructural investigation of the nanocomposites by optical and scanning electron microscopy may suggest that relatively uniform distribution and effective deagglomeration of GNPs in the matrix were achieved. The hardness of the GNPs reinforced nanocomposites increased in comparison with that of semi-solid stirred and ultrasonically processed A360 alloy without reinforcement, indicating the potential of GNPs for strengthening metals. © 2016, European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM. All rights reserved.Conference Object Kompozit Malzemelerde Üretim Süreçlerinin Gözetimi için Fiber Optik Tabanı Sensör Sistemi Tasarım ve Analizi(IEEE, 2017) Yilmaz, Anil; Kartav, Osman; Yuksel, KivilcimIt is essential to monitor the behavior of composite materials during manufacturing process to ensure the high quality of manufactured materials. For this purpose, the use of optical fiber sensing, particularly the embedding of fiber Bragg grating (FRG) sensors into composite materials has been gaining growing popularity. In this context, we design a FBG-based alternative sensor interrogation system and completed the theoretical analysis for the prospect of providing the residual stresses appearing during fabrication process of composite materials. It has been also realized, in this paper, the preliminary experimental trials by monitoring FRG sensors embedded into fiber reinforced thermo-set composites for the purpose of process monitoring.