Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148
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Conference Object A General Predictive Model to Evaluate Daylight Levels of Residential Buildings in the Mediterranean (Next Med) Region(Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, 2025) Ekici, B.Conceptual design is one of the most critical phases, as design decisions affect the buildings’ performance throughout their life cycle. Researchers consider various computational methods to achieve effective design proposals. Nevertheless, optimization algorithms are necessary to cope with the complexity and increase the efficiency of design alternatives in various aspects. In sustainable building design, these decisions require computationally expensive processes due to the simulation tasks. Besides, making sustainable design decisions is even more challenging in a Mediterranean climate due to changing conditions throughout the year. Therefore, recent studies frequently consider combining predictive models with optimization algorithms to decrease the burden of expensive simulation time. Relevant works present promising outcomes, yet they are limited to predicting the building performance of specific cases; thus, the proposed predictive models are limited to different design problems. This paper investigates the development of a general machine learning (ML) model to overcome this issue. With this motivation, a parametric test box consisting of twenty parameters related to weather data of twelve Mediterranean (Next Med) countries, space dimensions, vertical/horizontal louvers, and material type is developed using Grasshopper 3d. Moreover, a parametric urban model, which considers eight parameters related to the density of the surrounding buildings, is also created to generate numerous environments. The LadyBug tools simulate the daylight autonomy to generate 12,000 samples. Five different ML models involving artificial neural networks (ANN) are built in Python. Statistical results showed that train and test scores achieved promising outcomes in all ML models. However, when predicting user-defined scenarios not involved in the generated dataset, only ANNs perform generalizable, accurate predictions. The paper discusses the ability of ANN models to accurately predict different design scenarios and locations, and the trustworthiness of the training and test scores based only on collected data. © 2025, Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe. All rights reserved.Conference Object Developing Machine Learning Models to Predict Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Kinetic Shading Devices: An Approach for Global Optimization(Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, 2025) Dağlier, Y.; Ekici, B.; Korkmaz, K.Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) methods in the design process supports the achievement of sustainable alternatives during the conceptual design. In various AI methods, optimization and machine learning (ML) algorithms are the most common methods to develop predictive models and discover favorable design alternatives with significantly reduced computational time. Recent works focused on limited datasets, as well as the evaluation of the developed prediction models based on collected data. During the optimization process of complex design problems, the number of design parameters becomes enormous; thus, search areas contain many design alternatives that might lead the search outside of the collected data. Therefore, evaluating the accuracy of prediction models only based on the collected samples may result in scenarios where the predicted outcome during the optimization process aligns with an unrealistic solution. This study investigates how accurately prediction models developed using different ML algorithms can perform in optimization processes. The proposed framework is used to cope with outdoor thermal performance, considering kinetic shading devices with rigid origami techniques. A parametric shading device model with kinematic principles and 10 design parameters is created in Grasshopper 3d. LadyBug is used to analyze the performance of the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). To minimize the UTCI, the radial basis function optimization (RBFOpt) algorithm in the Opossum plugin is used. To compare the optimization results with the prediction results, multiple linear regression, support vector machines, random forest, polynomial regression algorithms, and artificial neural networks (ANN) are developed to predict outdoor thermal comfort performance targets on each collected data set with 2000 samples. Results showed that ANN models can provide more accurate predictions during the optimization process. The paper aims to discuss the way ML algorithms are applied and evaluated for ML-based optimization domains in design problems. © 2025, Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe. All rights reserved.Conference Object Combining Generative Adversarial Networks and Reinforcement Learning for Floor Plan Layout Generation(Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, 2025) Güldilek, M.; Ilal, M.E.; Ekici, B.Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are among artificial intelligence (AI) methods for generating architectural floor plan layouts to approximate spatial distribution with a reasonable degree of accuracy. However, when used exclusively, GAN-based tools may fail to capture architectural patterns and often produce unrealistic layouts. To address this limitation, researchers have proposed integrating Reinforcement Learning (RL) into GANs. While RL has been combined with generative algorithms in other fields, a systematic multi-scenario integration of GANs and RL remains underexplored in architecture. This paper introduces a new solution by combining RL and GANs to generate floor plan layouts tailored to user requirements. The research design involves three different integration strategies: (1a) mere generation, where RL refines GAN outputs by eliminating inconsistencies and errors; (1b) objective optimization, where RL targets measurable attributes such as spatial size and morphological legibility; and (1c) refinement of non-quantifiable attributes, where RL incorporates user feedback to improve flexibility and perceived comfort. Additionally, the study employs House-GAN++ as the GAN model and the PPO algorithm as the RL framework. Three case studies are presented to evaluate performance. Results demonstrate that integrating RL with GANs yields floor plan layouts more responsive to user needs than those produced by GANs alone. Each scenario illustrates how RL optimizes GAN-generated outputs according to functional, measurable, and perceptual goals. The methodology acknowledges user expectations and translates them into realistic, adaptable plans. Key outcomes include more realistic layouts, designs with distinctive characteristics, and user-customized floor plans created through interaction. The proposed framework enables automatic floor plan generation that combines design, optimization, and user input at the conceptual stage. This integration enhances architectural design processes by balancing computational efficiency with user-oriented adaptability, thus broadening the potential of AI-assisted design. © 2025, Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe. All rights reserved.Conference Object Optimizing Integrated Shading Device and Light Shelf for Daylight Performance and Visual Comfort in Architecture Studio(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Avci, P.; Ekici, B.; Kazanasmaz, Z.T.To provide a sustainable interior, it is essential to consider visual comfort and energy efficiency for the occupants' well-being. Daylight is crucial in providing visual comfort while proposing energy-efficient design alternatives. Using daylight as a primary source is one of the most crucial strategies. However, controlling daylight for unwanted situations such as discomfort glare is important. There have been several research studies on daylighting, visual comfort, and shading techniques. Shading devices are façade configurations to control daylight, while light shelves distribute daylight evenly through the space. There are two types of classifications for shading devices: adaptive ones and non-adaptive ones. Numerous research studies have been conducted on daylighting, energy consumption, occupancy performance, and shading systems. Shading technologies, whether adaptive or not, provide benefits and drawbacks. Even though optimizing them is one way to design non-adaptive shading devices, they require minimal maintenance. This study aims to integrate adaptive shading devices and light shelves for university campus buildings to provide lighting design strategies. The aim is to create a study environment that promotes well-being and academic achievement. To pursue this study, three optimization algorithms were run to find the nearly optimal solution. The goal was to both maximize Daylight Autonomy and uniformity values. Results showed that HypE and SPEA2 results discovered near-optimal DA above 75% and uniformity between 0.6 and 0.7. © 2024 IEEE.