Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148
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Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Properties of Roman Structural Mortars in the Province of Asia (turkey)(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Tasci, Burcu; Boke, HasanIn this study, the properties of Roman structural mortars composed of lime and natural aggregates from twentythree archaeological sites in Western Anatolia were determined in order to understand whether there was a common production technology of lime mortars in the Roman Empire by making a comparison between Europe and Western Anatolia. Their basic physical and mechanical properties, raw material compositions, microstructural and hydraulic properties, mineralogical and chemical compositions of their lime binder and fine aggregates were identified by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis analyses, bulk density, total porosity and compressive strength of mortars. The results indicated that these mortars mortars were produced by combining fat or lean lime with coarse aggregates (quartz, tuff) and predominantly fine pozzolanic rhyolitic and dacitic tuff aggregates. The lime/aggregate ratios of the mortars generally exhibited a range of values between 1:4 and 1.5:1 by weight, which closely paralleled the lime/aggregate ratios in other Roman mortars published in literature. The presence of lime lumps within the mortar matrices, exhibiting a spongy texture, may suggest the use of the hot lime mixing method in the preparation of the mortars. The mortars are hydraulic, possessing compressive strengths comparable to those observed in natural hydraulic lime mortars (NHL2, NHL3.5 and NHL5 types). The results indicate that the production of structural mortars in the province of Asia was similar to that in other regions of the Roman Empire, although the raw materials are similar, small differences in raw material composition could be due to the use of local raw material sources. This may be evidence of a common lime mortar technology that deliberately used pozzolanic aggregates with almost pure lime throughout the Roman Empire.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Calcite Precipitation on Excavated Andesite Surfaces From the Archaeological Sites of Aigai and Assos (turkey)(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Kaplan, Caglayan Deniz; Boke, HasanThe conservation interventions of crusts or patinas formed on the surfaces of stone monuments should be evaluated within a comprehensive approach in archaeological excavations, taking into account their material characteristics. In this study, the mineralogical, chemical and microstructural characteristics of whitish crusts formed on the surfaces of buried and later excavated andesite surfaces at the archaeological sites of Aigai and Assos (Turkey) were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses in order to establish a conservation approach at the archaeological sites. The whitish crusts formed on the excavated andesite surfaces are mainly composed of calcite with freshwater diatom species. Calcite is most likely formed by the alteration of plagioclase by carbon dioxide in the soil during the burial of the andesites. In the soil, CO2 reacts with plagioclase to produce kaolinite and calcite which are precipitated on the andesite surfaces after excavation. The presence of freshwater diatom species in the whitish crusts may indicate that the andesite remains were buried in the waterlogged soil for many years and later excavated. Therefore, whitish crusts should not be cleaned from the andesite surfaces, as they are a sign of the burial history of the monuments and a protective layer against weathering.