Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148
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Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Profiling the Bacterial Diversity in Historic Limestone From Anazarbos Archaeological Site by Advanced Molecular and Spectroscopic Techniques(University of the Aegean, 2022) Aydın, Rozelin; İpekci, Emre; Daday, Mine Taykurt; Yüceer, Hülya; Böke, HasanThe architectural remains as well as sculptures, mosaics, and other artifacts in the archaeological sites are mostly made of stone and susceptible to biodeterioration by microorganisms. Bacterial communities are known to have the most effective role in biological deterioration in stones. The ancient city of Anazarbos (Anavarza), chosen as the study area, is the 1st Degree Archaeological Site in the vicinity of Dilekkaya Village, Kozan District, about 70 km north of Adana. The microbiological, chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural properties of stone samples taken from different places were studied in this research. Samples were taken from i) where no deterioration occurred, ii) where different forms of deterioration were observed, iii) archaeological deposits, iii) archaeological deposits that came from deteriorated stone samples area. Spectroscopic, thermal, and microscopic techniques applied included: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive System (SEM-EDS), Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). The bacterial biodiversity was analyzed by the application of Illumina-based next-generation sequencing methods. Results show intense biological colonisations with clay minerals on limestone surfaces. A patina of clay minerals was observed on newly excavated stone surfaces, while biological colonisations have not yet intensified. The metabarcoding analysis showed 15 bacterial phyla. The Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla in both stones and archaeological deposits samples. Human activity (intensive agriculture, animal husbandry), accumulation of rainwater in excavated areas adversely affects stones, which leads to acceleration of biological deterioration in stones. Thus, all features of the site require multi-faceted studies prior to unearthing of archaeological remains.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 10Interior Plastering of Ottoman Bath Buildings(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) İpekci, Emre; Uğurlu Sağın, Elif; Böke, HasanOttoman baths were peculiar buildings with their function in community life, architectural characteristics and material use. Their interior spaces were exposed to high humidity and temperatures that made the building structure vulnerable to physical, chemical, physicochemical and biological degradations. Plasters used on the interior wall surfaces were the most important agents to protect the structure from deterioration and provide durability. This study aims to exhibit the plaster characteristics of Çinili Bath in İstanbul which was an outstanding example of Ottoman baths and built by Great Architect Sinan. Basic physical properties, raw material compositions, mineralogical, microstructural and hydraulic properties of original brick-lime plasters called as horasan (khorasan) plasters used on the walls were determined by XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS and TGA. Multilayered plaster application together with the use of glazed tiles were observed on the wall surfaces of all interior spaces. The plasters were produced from pure lime and pozzolanic crushed brick or tile aggregates and hydraulic because of the pozzolanic properties of aggregates. They are stiff, compact and durable in hot and humid conditions of bath buildings due to their self-healing properties and the formation of calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminate hydrates at the lime-brick interfaces and in the pores of the pozzolanic brick aggregates by the reaction of lime. Characteristics of brick aggregates were compared with the construction bricks used in the building. Their chemical and mineralogical compositions revealed that the aggregates had not been produced from construction bricks. All the results indicated that brick-lime plasters were the most suitable materials for bath buildings to protect the structure from the effect of water. © 2019 The Authors