Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148
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Book Part Groundwater Arsenic in an Urban Area: Izmir’s Comprehensive Response and Remediation Blueprint(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Kırçiçek, N.T.; Güngör, E.B.; Baba, A.The contamination of groundwater with arsenic poses a critical challenge to the environment and public health, affecting millions of people worldwide. In the rapidly urbanising regions of Türkiye, understanding the origin, mobility and effective treatment of arsenic contamination is crucial to ensure water safety. This study analyses the spatial distribution of arsenic contamination of groundwater, specifically in the province of İzmir, while attempting to delineate the potential sources of risk. The arsenic concentrations in groundwater samples from different districts were analysed, and the variations at district level were visualised using a point-based density map. The resulting values were then critically compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) limits and Turkish national regulations (10 μg/L) to draw attention to the pronounced spatial differences in concentrations. Following the arsenic crisis in 2008, the İzmir Municipality has taken a decisive course and implemented targeted arsenic remediation strategies that represent significant progress in solving and addressing this pervasive problem. In 2023 alone, more than 139 million m3 of groundwater were treated, accounting for almost 30% of the city’s drinking and industrial water supply. This considerable magnitude represents a remarkable level of implementation, especially against the backdrop of numerous global cities struggling with similar contamination problems. The results of this study should serve as a basis for sustainable groundwater management strategies, not only for İzmir, but also for other regions with hydrogeological and urban dynamics. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Article Geothermal Drying in Agricultural Sector - Worldwide Examples(Elsevier Ltd, 2026) Tomaszewska, B.; Baba, A.; Akkurt, G.G.; Mukti, M.; Helvaci, H.U.; Bielec, B.; Operacz, A.Agricultural drying is traditionally used to preserve fruits and vegetables which mostly relied on energy-intensive processes usually powered by fossil fuels. In this review, we explore an innovative and sustainable alternative: using geothermal energy to dry produce. The paper reviews the main technical aspects related to the use of geothermal energy in drying fruits and vegetables. We delve into the technical details of two leading methods, hot air drying and refractive window drying, highlighting their advantages, drawbacks, and the critical factors that influence the quality of the final product. By examining real-world applications from countries as diverse as Iceland, the USA, Greece, Turkey, Macedonia, Kenya, Serbia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Thailand, Poland, and the Philippines, this paper showcases how geothermal energy can be directly applied in drying operations—whether through standalone systems operating between 60 °C and 97 °C or integrated cascade systems wherever geothermal resources are used for power generation and in the form of the waste heat for drying purposes, can be considered as important direction. Due to a lack of actual information on the economic aspects of geothermal drying, in addition to outlining the technical merits of geothermal drying, we also discuss economic considerations and potential challenges to provide a roadmap for future projects. Moreover, the authors underlined several aspects that can contribute to the failure or limited success of geothermal drying projects. Ultimately, adopting geothermal drying not only reduces greenhouse gases (GHS) emissions but also lessens dependence on costly, polluting fossil fuels, paving the way for a greener, more energy-efficient future in food preservation. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 3An Introduction To Geothermal Energy(Elsevier, 2024) Uzelli, T.; Ayzit, T.; Baba, A.Geothermal energy is one of the most important renewable sources, generally recognized as an environmentally friendly resource. The general distribution of geothermal systems is controlled by the different types of fault systems, active volcanism, and hydrothermally altered areas. These diverse resources occur in different parts of the Earth and different geologic settings. In addition, geothermal resources may have different physical and chemical properties depending on temperature and depth variations, geology, geochemistry, and hydrogeological characteristics. These resources are used for direct (heating, cooling, greenhouse, thermal bath, and others) and indirect (electricity generation) applications. Today, geothermal heat base applications continue to develop in an integrated manner with the processes of combating global warming and adaptation to climate change. This chapter provides information on the source of geothermal energy, the current status of the geothermal energy sector, the importance of geothermal energy, the history of geothermal energy applications, and the classification of geothermal systems. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Book Part Geothermal Fluids: Physicochemical Properties, Compositions, and Treatment(Elsevier, 2024) Jarma, Y.A.; Cihanoğlu, A.; Kabay, N.; Baba, A.; Tomaszewska, B.; Kasztelewicz, A.; Bryjak, M.Geothermal energy is known as an environmentally friendly, reliable, and safe source of energy produced from renewable sources. In order to ensure the sustainable operation of geothermal power plants, it is necessary to recharge geothermal fluids back into the reservoirs. It is worth mentioning that the accidental release of geothermal brines or the accumulation of salts and silica from geothermal power facilities can lead to significant environmental issues. Geothermal fluids brought to the surface for any application must be treated in the most practical and feasible way before discharge to the any receiving body or back to the reservoirs. The objective of this chapter was therefore to study the hydrogeochemical properties of geothermal fluids in different regions and propose some scientific approached for the treatment of spent geothermal fluid prior to its use as an alternative water source, especially in agriculture applications. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Article Effect of Degassing on Scaling in Hypersaline System: Tuzla Geothermal Field, Turkey(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Tonkul, S.; André, L.; Baba, A.; Demir, M.M.; Regenspurg, S.; Kieling, K.A serious issue with geothermal power plants is the loss of production and decline in power plant efficiency. Scaling, also known as mineral precipitation, is one of the frequently-observed issue that causes this loss and decreasing efficiency. It is heavily observed in the production wells when the geothermal fluid rises from the depths due to a change in the fluid’s physical and chemical properties. Scaling issue in geothermal power plants result in significant output losses and lower plant effectiveness. In rare instances, it might even result in the power plant being shut down. The chemistry of the geothermal fluid, non-condensable gases, pH, temperature and pressure changes in the process from production to reinjection, power plant type and design, and sometimes the materials used can also play an active role in the scaling that will occur in a geothermal system. ICP–MS was used to evaluate the chemical properties of the fluids. On the other hand, XRD, XRF and SEM were used to investigate the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the scale samples in analytical methods. For the numerical approach, PhreeqC and GWELL codes were used to follow the chemical reactivity of the geothermal fluid in Tuzla production well. The novelty of this study is to determine potential degassing point and to characterize the mineralogical assemblage formed in the well because of the fluid composition, temperature and pressure variations. During production, geothermal fluids degas in the wellbore. This causes a drastic modification of the chemistry of the Tuzla fluids. This is why it is focused the calculations on the nature of the minerals that are able to precipitate inside the well. According to simulation results, the degassing point is estimated to be about 105 m depth, consistent with the field observations. If a small quantity of precipitated minerals is predicted before the boiling point, degassing significantly changes the fluid chemistry, and the model predicts the deposition of calcite along with smaller elements including galena, barite, and quartz. The simulation results are consistent with the mineral composition of scaling collected in the well. © The Author(s) 2024.Book Part Application of Geothermal Energy in Hydrogen Production(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Ayzit, T.; Özmumcu, A.; Baba, A.Compared to other renewable resources, geothermal energy is a low-cost, technically proven, reliable, clean, and safe energy source that has been used in various fields and applications for many decades. These energy sources can be used directly or by conversion to other forms of energy. The use of geothermal energy for various purposes such as electricity, heating, cooling, greenhouses, dry food, thermal tourism, fisheries, and mineral extraction is widespread in many countries. Today’s installed geothermal capacity is dominated by the United States with about 3.7 GW, followed by Indonesia (2.1 GW), the Philippines (1.9 GW), Turkey (1.7 GW), and New Zealand. Global geothermal power generation capacity at the end of 2020 was 15.6 GW. The top ten geothermal producers account for nearly 90% of the global market, and many countries, especially Europe, plan to invest in geothermal soon. Looking at the direct use of geothermal energy for thermal applications, only four countries (China, Turkey, Iceland, and Japan) account for three-quarters of the energy consumed. Hydrogen can provide a number of benefits for future energy systems. Hydrogen can serve as storage for intermittent renewables or provide grid services. It can replace natural gas in industrial heating processes that are otherwise difficult to decarbonise. Therefore, geothermal resources can be used to produce clean hydrogen. Within this section, the importance and use of geothermal energy have been highlighted. At the same time, detailed information is given about the importance of hydrogen, its production, and its use in connection with geothermal energy. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Parvin Kiani.Article Citation - Scopus: 6Lithium Extraction From Geothermal Brine Using Γ-Mno2: a Case Study for Tuzla Geothermal Power Plant(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Toprak, S.; Yılmaz, Selahattin; Öncel, Ç.; Baba, Alper; Yılmaz, S.; Demir, Mustafa Muammer; Baba, A.; Koç, G.A.; Demir, M.M.Geothermal brines contain high concentrations of ions and form a source of various valuable elements. The isolation of the elements from their water systems is a great challenge when the gradual depletion of ores in mining is considered. Attempts have been made for a long time to isolate valuable elements from aqueous mixtures prepared in the laboratory. However, those studies might not reflect the complexity of natural systems and might yield results that deviate significantly from the performance in real field systems. In this study, sorption is used to extract lithium ions from a representative field, Tuzla Geothermal Power Plant (TGPP) Turkey, using a mini-pilot reactor introduced to the reinjection well of the plant. Electrolytic manganese dioxide (γ-MnO2), a relatively inexpensive material widely used as the cathode material in lithium-ion batteries, was employed as a sorbent material for lithium. The sorption/desorption performance of the novel γ-MnO2 was investigated under various conditions. Sorption is performed at 360K and 2 bars. The maximum sorption performance was obtained at 1 h in Tuzla GPP. The desorption experiments were performed in acidic solutions. The concentration of Li+ in the desorption solution was found to be 25 mg/L on average when 10 g of γ-MnO2 was dispersed into 30 mL of the acidic aqueous solution. The first desorption solution was used consecutively for collecting more Li+ ions through the desorption of fresh brine-treated powder samples (cumulative desorption). By repeating this process four times consecutively, 230 mg/L of Li+ was obtained in the desorption solution. Moreover, the reusability of the γ-MnO2 sorbent was examined. The sorbent powder showed almost 40% performance efficiency compared to virgin powder under the conditions employed in this study. The use of electrolytic γ-MnO2 sorbent for lithium adsorption was found to be a promising process for practical use in the separation of lithium from geothermal brines. © 2024Editorial Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 1A Review of the Geothermal System Evolution and Distribution in the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (türkiye)(TUBITAK, 2023) Şener, M.F.; Öztürk, M.Z.; Baba, A.Türkiye is located in the Mediterranean sector of the Alpine–Himalayan tectonic belt and is among the foremost seven countries in the world having an abundance of geothermal resources. The Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC) is one of the most important geothermal regions in Türkiye. This study aims to evaluate the geothermal system of CACC using the geological, structural, and hydrogeochemical properties that were obtained from previous studies. The present study investigated and evaluated the hydrogeochemical and isotopic properties of 762 water samples belonging to 45 different localities from 41 scientific studies. The result shows that CACC has different heat sources and different hydrogeochemical processes. Major element chemistry of the water reveals that the geothermal fluids are mostly of the Ca-Mg-HCO3, Na-Cl-HCO3, and Ca-Cl water types. Silica geothermometers suggest that the reservoir temperature ranges from 48 to 180 °C. Based on the δ18O-δD relationship, water samples have a high-altitude meteoric origin. Stable isotopic data indicate that the geothermal fluids are formed by local recharge and deep circulation of meteoric waters. © TÜBİTAK.