Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection

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  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 1
    Citation - Scopus: 1
    Effect of Urbanization on Groundwater Resources Hydrodynamics and Bearing Capacity: a Case Study From the Bayraklı Region, Izmir, ̇ Türkiye
    (Geological Society of London, 2024) Öztürk,B.; İşbuğa,V.; Bilgiç,E.; Baba,A.
    The bearing capacity of soil is a critical factor in the design of foundations for civil engineering structures. The bearing capacity depends on soil properties, as well as the location of the water table. A rise in the groundwater level can be dramatic, especially in highly urbanized regions, and can affect the bearing capacity of foundations. In this study, groundwaterlevel fluctuations in a highly urbanized region in Izmir, the third largest city in Türkiye, was monitored over a 1 year period, and ̇ its effect on reducing the bearing capacity, which is not considered in foundation design and construction, was investigated. For this purpose, four observation wells equipped with groundwater data loggers were used to determine the variations in groundwater level over 1 year. Using the Terzaghi approach to calculate the bearing capacity, normalized bearing capacity plots for various foundation width/depth (B/Df) ratios were generated for all four observation wells. Remarkable bearing capacity changes of 10.94, 8.21, 7.62 and 9.29% were observed in four different observation wells (OW-1, OW-3, OW-6 and OW-9, respectively). The study showed that changes in groundwater level in the region caused by urbanization poses a potential risk to the sustainability of previously constructed foundations. © 2024 The Author(s).
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 21
    Citation - Scopus: 23
    Lithium: an Energy Transition Element, Its Role in the Future Energy Demand and Carbon Emissions Mitigation Strategy
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Chandrasekharam,D.; Şener,M.F.; Recepoğlu,Y.K.; Isık,T.; Demir,M.M.; Baba,A.
    Energy transition elements (Li, Ni, Co, Fe, Cu) are gaining importance due to their ability to provide energy and play an important role as primary energy sources. Because of the energy density and power density, Li-ion batteries have the edge over other batteries. Li is distributed in various rock-forming minerals and brines, and geothermal waters. Though lithium-bearing minerals are spread over a broad geographic region, these minerals are confined to certain countries with substantial economic potential. Li is extensively used in batteries, and battery-driven vehicles are growing exponentially to meet the carbon reduction goal of the Paris agreement in 2015 and signed by more than 50 percent of the countries. Nearly 55 million cars supported by Li batteries are expected to roll out by 2030. While this is the demand, its occurrence and concentration/extraction processes are not keeping pace with this demand. The extraction of Li from its ore is an energy-intensive process involving many fossil fuel-based energies. To recover one ton of Li metal, nearly 5 to 6 tons of CO2 is emitted. The CO2 emissions of 28 kWh LFP, NMC, and LMO batteries vary from 5600 to 2705 kg CO2-eq. The end-of-life emissions of an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle are 400 kg CO2/vehicle, while Li Battery supports 500 kg/vehicle. The quantity of Li required for a 24 kWh average capacity leaf battery is about 137 g/kWh. While emissions are associated with the manufacturing of the batteries, emissions are also associated with a way that while they are recharged as the recharging source is fossil fuel-based energy. The best option to meet zero net carbon emissions by 2050, as envisaged by International Energy Agency (IEA), is to recover Li from geothermal brines and use geothermal energy for recharging. While hydrothermal energy sources are site-specific, enhanced geothermal system (EGS) based geothermal energy is not site-specific and is found wherever high radiogenic granites are available. High radiogenic granites are widely distributed, and heat recovered from EGS sources can provide clean energy and heat. Extraction of lithium from geothermal waters and using geothermal energy for recharging the batteries will drastically reduce CO2 emissions. It will drive the world towards Net Zero Emissions (NZE) scenario in the future. This is being practiced in Turkey. Future research should develop technology to recover Li from geothermal fluids with low concentration and support EGS development. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd