Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148
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Conference Object Software Change Size Measurement: an Exploratory Systematic Mapping Study(CEUR-WS, 2024) Hacaloglu, T.; Demirörs, Onur; Küçükateş Ömüral, N.; Kılınç Soylu, G.; Demirörs, O.Change in software projects can occur through various channels. Customers may request modifications or new features; appraisal activities such as reviews or testing may uncover issues that necessitate adjustments, or products may need to adapt to changes in their operating environment. Therefore, it is essential to assess these changes explicitly and objectively within the scope of software engineering activities. Specifically, quantifying change by measuring its size is crucial for successful management, as without a meaningful metric, it is impossible to accurately assess its impact on the project's effort, schedule, and cost. This study aims to explore the concept of change in software engineering literature, with a particular emphasis on the methods used to measure its size. The study reveals that the current literature on this topic is still in its early stages and the measurement and estimation of changes remain challenging throughout both development and maintenance phases. According to the reviewed articles, size is primarily used for effort estimation. Various software artifacts from different stages of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) serve as input for change measurement, highlighting the need for a versatile size measurement applicable across all SDLC phases. Most of the reviewed articles interpret change in the context of maintenance activities. This research sets a benchmark for the status of software size measures for software change and highlights related problems to suggest further research topics. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 3Predicting Software Size and Effort From Code Using Natural Language Processing(CEUR-WS, 2024) Tenekeci, S.; Demirörs, Onur; Ünlü, H.; Dikenelli, E.; Selçuk, U.; Kılınç Soylu, G.; Demirörs, O.Software Size Measurement (SSM) holds a crucial role in software project management by facilitating the acquisition of software size, which serves as the primary input for development effort and schedule estimation. However, many small and medium-sized companies encounter challenges in conducting objective SSM and Software Effort Estimation (SEE) due to resource constraints and a lack of expert workforce. This often leads to inaccurate estimates and projects exceeding planned time and budget. Hence, organizations need to perform objective SSM and SEE with minimal resources and without relying on an expert workforce. In this research, we introduce two exploratory case studies aimed at predicting the functional size (COSMIC and Event-based size) and effort of software projects from the code using a deep-learning-based NLP model: CodeBERT. For this purpose, we collected and annotated two datasets consisting of 4800 Python and 1100 C# functions. Then, we trained a classification model to predict COSMIC data movements (entry, exit, read, write) and four regression models to predict Event-based size (interaction, communication, process) and effort. Despite utilizing a relatively small dataset for model training, we achieved promising results with an 84.5% accuracy for the COSMIC size, 0.13 normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) for the Event-based size, and 0.18 NMAE for the effort. These findings are particularly insightful as they demonstrate the practical utility of language models in SSM and SEE. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.Conference Object Size Measurement and Effort Estimation in Microservicebased Projects: Results From Pakistan(CEUR-WS, 2023) Soylu, Görkem Kılınç; Ünlü, Hüseyin; Ahmad, Isra Shafique; Demirörs, OnurDuring the last decade, microservice-based software architecture has been a common design paradigm in the industry and has been successfully utilized by organizations. Microservice-based software architecture, specifically in the form of reactive systems, has substantial differences from the more conventional design paradigms, such as the object-oriented paradigm. The architecture moved away from being data-driven and evolved into a behavior-oriented structure. The usage of a single database is replaced by the structures in which each microservice is developed independently and has its own database. Therefore, adaptation demands software organizations to transform their culture. In this study, we aimed to get an insight into how Pakistani software organizations perform size measurement and effort estimation in their software projects which embrace the microservice-based software architecture paradigm. For this purpose, we surveyed 49 Pakistani participants from different agile organizations over different roles and domains to collect information on their experience in microservice-based projects. Our results reveal that although Pakistani organizations face challenges, they continue using familiar subjective size measurement and effort estimation approaches that they have used for traditional architectures. © 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1How Software Practitioners Perceive Work-Related Barriers and Benefits Based on Their Educational Backgrounds: Insights From a Survey Study(IEEE, 2023) Ünlü, Hüseyin; Yürüm, Ozan Raşit; Özcan Top, Özden; Demirörs, OnurSurvey results show that software practitioners from nonsoftware-related backgrounds face more barriers, have fewer benefits, and feel less satisfied in their work life. However, these differences reduce with more than 10 years of experience and involvement in software-related graduate programs, certificates, and mentorship.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 6An Exploratory Case Study Using Events as a Software Size Measure(Springer, 2023) Hacaloğlu, Tuna; Demirörs, OnurSoftware Size Measurement is a critical task in Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It is the primary input for effort estimation models and an important measure for project control and process improvement. There exist various size measurement methods whose successes have already been proven for traditional software architectures and application domains. Being one of them, functional size measurement (FSM) attracts specific attention due to its applicability at the early phases of SDLC. Although FSM methods were successful on the data-base centric, transaction oriented stand-alone applications, in contemporary software development projects, Agile methods are highly used, and a centralized database and a relational approach are not used as before while the requirements suffer from a lack of detail. Today's software is frequently service based, highly distributed, message-driven, scalable and has unprecedented levels of availability. In the new era, event-driven architectures are appearing as one of the emerging approaches where the 'event' concept largely replaces the 'data' concept. Considering the important place of events in contemporary architectures, we focused on approaching the software size measurement problem from the event-driven perspective. This situation guided us to explore how useful event as a size measure in comparison to data-movement based methods. The findings of our study indicates that events can be promising for measurement and should be investigated further in detail to be formalized for creating a measurement model thereby providing a replicable approach.Article Citation - WoS: 41Citation - Scopus: 50Bim-Carem: Assessing the Bim Capabilities of Design, Construction and Facilities Management Processes in the Construction Industry(Elsevier, 2023) Gökçen, Yılmaz; Akçamete, Aslı; Demirörs, OnurBIM adoption has accelerated worldwide since it is an important enabling technology for digitalisation in the construction industry. Adopting BIM requires transforming the traditional building life cycle stages (planning, design, construction and facilities management) into BIM-integrated project deliveries. Assessing the BIM ca- pabilities of these stages helps organisations to identify gaps in their BIM uses and improve them. There is a lack of a comprehensive model in the literature for assessing the BIM capabilities of individual building life cycle stages and their processes. Existing assessment models focus on assessing the BIM maturity of construction projects and organisations which do not inform the required BIM improvements for individual stages and their processes. Hence, we iteratively developed the Building Information Modelling (BIM) Capability Assessment REference Model (BIM-CAREM) and demonstrated its usability through multiple explanatory case studies per- formed with two international design and engineering companies and two general contractors in Turkey. We assessed the BIM capabilities of design, construction and facility management processes of various buildings i.e. residential, stadiums, hospitals and airports. The results showed that the BIM capability levels of design, con- struction and facility management processes vary within and across the companies.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 1A Survey on Cosmic Students Estimation Challenge(CEUR-WS, 2022) Hacaloğlu, Tuna; Say, Bilge; Ünlü, Hüseyin; Küçükateş Ömüral, Neslihan; Demirörs, OnurSoftware project management is a significant software engineering practice that is highly related to achieving software-specific project goals. This study aims to share students’ perceptions of incorporating an international software estimation challenge called “COSMIC Students’ Estimation Challenge” into a software project management course. For this aim, students were taught the COSMIC Functional Size Measurement method and entered the competition. After the competition, a questionnaire asking for the students’ opinions was collected. The objective of the research is to get an insight into to what extent incorporating this type of competition activity -a challenge- can contribute to students’ learning perceptions. In the long run, the findings can contribute to creating a foresight about making the necessary curriculum arrangements to form a more up-to-date and dynamic education plan by including the methods applied in the software industry in Software Engineering education. The results suggest that this kind of competition experience and preparation is helpful for students to learn the COSMIC method.Conference Object A Size Measurement Method for Enterprise Applications(CEUR-WS, 2022) Küçükateş Ömüral, Neslihan; Demirörs, OnurEnterprise Applications are known as one of the best practices of software reuse. They are complex applications, including most of the business processes. In this domain, size measurements and effort predictions are mostly performed in an ad-hoc fashion, and they frequently suffer from schedule and budget overruns. We developed a size measurement method for Enterprise Applications and explained this novel method in this paper. We categorized transactions as “unchanged”, “changed”, and “new” in this method. We defined a size measurement unit, Data Transaction Point (DTP), and measured size as DTP in these categories. We conducted a sample size measurement with a well-known business process to demonstrate the implementation of the method.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Mikroservisler için İşgücü Kestirimi: Bir Durum Çalışması(IEEE, 2021) Ünlü, Hüseyin; Hacaloğlu, Tuna; Leblebici, Onur; Demirörs, OnurSoftware size measurement is critical as an input to perform important project management processes such as effort, cost and schedule estimation. Functional size measurement (FSM) methods are beneficial in terms of being applicable in the early phases of the software life cycle over functional requirements and providing a systematic and repeatable method. However, in agile organizations, it can be challenging to seperate measurement components of FSM methods from requirements in the early phases as the documentation is kept to a minimum compared to traditional methods such as the Waterfall Model and is detailed as the project steps. In addition, the existing FSM methods are not fully compatible with today's architectural structures, which are from being data-driven and to evolve into a behaviour-oriented structure. In this study, we performed a case study which includes a project developed with agile methods and using microservice-based architecture to compare the effectiveness of COSMIC FSM and event-based software size measurement. For this purpose, we measured the size of the project and created effort estimation models based on two methods. The measurers had difficulty in applying both methods due to the limited detail level of the requirements in the project. However, the event-based method was found to estimate effort with less error than the COSMIC FSM method.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 9Isbsg Veri Seti Kullanılarak Yazılım Efor Kestirimi: Çoklu Durum Çalışmaları(IEEE, 2021) Ünlü, Hüseyin; Yalçın, Ali Görkem; Öztürk, Dilek; Akkaya, Güliz; Kalecik, Mert; Ekici, Nazım Umut; Orhan, Oğuzhan; Çiftçi, Okan; Yumlu, Selen; Demirörs, OnurEfor kestirimi yazılım projelerinin planlanmasında temel aktivitelerden biridir. Objektif, tekrarlanabilir efor kestirimleri genelde iki ana girdiye ihtiyaç duyar: yazılım büyüklüğü ve efor verisi. Yazılımın büyüklüğü fonksiyonel büyüklük olarak ölçüldüğünde projenin gereksinimlerinin tanımlı olmasından sonra her aşamasında ölçülebilir. Ancak, organizasyonlarda geçmiş projelere ait efor verisine her zaman ulaşmak mümkün olamamaktadır. Bu durumda yeni projeler için geçmiş verilerden yola çıkarak efor kestirim modelleri oluşturmak güç olabilir. Uluslararası Yazılım Kıyaslama Standartları Grubu (International Software Benchmarking Standards Group – ISBSG) veri seti dünya çapında birçok organizasyon tarafından sağlanan yazılım büyüklüğü ve efor bilgisi içeren çok sayıda proje bilgisi içerir. Bu veri seti organizasyonlarda efor kestirimi için kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada, ISBSG veri setinin sektördeki organizasyonlara ait projelerin efor kestiriminde yararlı olup olmadığını araştırmak amacıyla lisansüstü öğrencileri ile çoklu durum çalışması yapılmıştır. Öğrenciler, çalıştıkları organizasyona ait bir projeyi öncelikle COSMIC İşlevsel Büyüklük Ölçüm yöntemi ile ölçmüş, sonrasında da ISBSG veri setini kullanarak efor kestirim modeli oluşturmuş ve projenin efor tahminini gerçekleştirmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, efor verisi bulunamayan durumlarda ISBSG kullanarak tutarlı bir efor kestirim modelini oluşturmanın mümkün olduğunu göstermektedir.