Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148
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Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Airborne and Dust-Bound PBDEs Indoors and Outdoors in Izmir, Türkiye: A Multi-Route Exposure - Risk Assessment(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Genisoglu, Mesut; Edebali, Ozge; Sofuoglu, Aysun; Turgut, Cafer; Sofuoglu, Sait C.Phased-out flame retardants, e.g., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), persist in environmental media due to their resistance to degradation and ongoing emissions from PBDE containing materials and industrial activities. This study addresses a notable data gap in a unique setting, i.e., & Idot;zmir, T & uuml;rkiye, by investigating PBDE levels at homes, schools, and caf & eacute;/bar/restaurants, and assessing exposure and associated health risks. Indoor and outdoor air and dust samples were collected from rural, suburban, and urban areas. Exposure through ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation routes, and associated chronic-toxic and carcinogenic risks were estimated with Monte Carlo Simulation. Despite having been phase-out, house-dust Sigma BDE concentrations remained prevalent with average levels of >2000 ng/g in schools and homes, while outdoors they were <500 ng/g. BDE-209 was the predominant congener with an indoor air concentration of 486 pg/m(3) in schools and 56.7 pg/m(3) in homes. BDE-209 contributed 83.5-90.4 % of the indoor air Sigma BDE concentration in schools, while in homes this contribution ranged from 70.8 to 75.8 %. Aggregate exposure estimates show the predominant PBDE congener, BDE-209, was primarily exposed by accidental ingestion (58.6 %) followed by dermal absorption (21.9 %) and inhalation (19.5 %). Chronic-toxic risk (CTR, for BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-153, and BDE-209) and carcinogenic risk (CR, for BDE-209) for the ingestion and dermal absorption routes indicated that house-dust and indoor-air PBDE exposures are not found to be considerable for human health. However, the contribution of inhalation route to the aggregate exposure of BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-100, BDE-99 (87.0 %, 60.5 %, 54.3 %, and 57.3 %, respectively) may indicate the evermore PBDE exposure by inhalation for lower brominated congeners as they become more significant through environmental debromination of the predominant BDE-209.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 26Pops in a Major Conurbation in Turkey: Ambient Air Concentrations, Seasonal Variation, Inhalation and Dermal Exposure, and Associated Carcinogenic Risks(Springer Verlag, 2016) Ugranlı, Tuğba; Güngörmüş, Elif; Kavcar, Pınar; Demircioğlu, Eylem; Odabaşı, Mustafa; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Lammel, Gerhard; Sofuoglu, AysunSemi-volatile organic compounds were monitored over a whole year, by collection of gas and particle phases every sixth day at a suburban site in Izmir, Turkey. Annual mean concentrations of 32 polychlorinated biphenyls (∑32PCBs) and 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑14PAHs) were 348 pg/m3 and 36 ng/m3, respectively, while it was 273 pg/m3 for endosulfan, the dominant compound among 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Monte Carlo simulation was applied to the USEPA exposure-risk models for the estimation of the population exposure and carcinogenic risk probability distributions for heating and non-heating periods. The estimated population risks associated with dermal contact and inhalation routes to ∑32PCBs, ∑14PAHs, and some of the targeted OCPs (α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, α-chlordane (α-CHL), γ-chlordane (γ-CHL), and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT)) were in the ranges of 1.86 × 10−16–7.29 × 10−9 and 1.38 × 10−10–4.07 × 10−6, respectively. The inhalation 95th percentile risks for ∑32PCBs, ∑14PAHs, and OCPs were about 6, 3, and 4–7 orders of magnitude higher than those of dermal route, respectively. The 95th percentile inhalation risk for ∑32PCBs and OCPs in the non-heating period were 1.8- and 1.2–4.6 folds higher than in the heating period, respectively. In contrast, the 95th percentile risk levels for ∑14PAHs in the heating period were 4.3 times greater than that of non-heating period for inhalation, respectively. While risk levels associated with exposure to PCBs and OCPs did not exceed the acceptable level of 1 × 10−6, it was exceeded for 47 % of the population associated with inhalation of PAHs with a maximum value of about 4 × 10−6.Article Citation - WoS: 49Citation - Scopus: 52Evaluation of a Conceptual Model for Gas-Particle Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Polyparameter Linear Free Energy Relationships(American Chemical Society, 2016) Shahpoury, Pourya; Lammel, Gerhard; Albinet, Alexandre; Sofuoglu, Aysun; Dumanoğlu, Yetkin; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Wagner, Zdenek; Zdimal, VladimírA model for gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated using polyparameter linear free energy relationships (ppLFERs) following a multiphase aerosol scenario. The model differentiates between various organic (i.e., liquid water-soluble (WS)/organic soluble (OS) organic matter (OM), and solid/semisolid organic polymers) and inorganic phases of the particulate matter (PM). Dimethyl sulfoxide and polyurethane were assigned as surrogates to simulate absorption into the above-mentioned organic phases, respectively, whereas soot, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium chloride simulated adsorption processes onto PM. The model was tested for gas and PM samples collected from urban and nonurban sites in Europe and the Mediterranean, and the output was compared with those calculated using single-parameter linear free energy relationship (spLFER) models, namely Junge-Pankow, Finizio, and Dachs-Eisenreich. The ppLFER model on average predicted 96 ± 3% of the observed partitioning constants for semivolatile PAHs, fluoranthene, and pyrene, within 1 order of magnitude accuracy with root-mean-square errors (RMSE) of 0.35-0.59 across the sites. This was a substantial improvement compared to Finizio and Dachs-Eisenreich models (37 ± 17 and 46 ± 18% and RMSE of 1.03-1.40 and 0.94-1.36, respectively). The Junge-Pankow model performed better among spLFERs but at the same time showed an overall tendency for overestimating the partitioning constants. The ppLFER model demonstrated the best overall performance without indicating a substantial intersite variability. The ppLFER analysis with the parametrization applied in this study suggests that the absorption into WSOSOM could dominate the overall partitioning process, while adsorption onto salts could be neglected. (Figure Presented).