Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148
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Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Archaeometric Study of Roman Bricks and Cocciopesto Aggregates From the Ancient City of Nysa, Western Anatolia(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Uğurlu Sağın, Elif; Böke, Hasan; Duran, Hasan Engin; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02.01. Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of ArchitectureThe aim of this study is to identify the similarities and differences in the raw material properties and manufacturing processes of the building bricks and cocciopesto aggregates present in the lime mortars and plasters from the ancient city of Nysa. For this purpose, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to determine their pozzolanic activities, chemical and mineralogical compositions, and microstructural properties. The XRF results were evaluated to determine differences in the chemical composition of the building bricks and cocciopesto aggregates using empirical statistical analyses. Analyses included descriptive statistics, scatter plots, and hierarchical clustering. The bricks were only partially sintered and did not contain high temperature products such as mullite, indicating moderate firing temperatures (<900 °C). The cocciopesto aggregates used in the mortars exhibit good pozzolanicity, unlike the building bricks, mainly due to their higher content of amorphous products. This suggests that pozzolanic cocciopesto aggregates were intentionally produced for the purpose of obtaining hydraulic mortars. The significant statistical differences in major oxide and trace element compositions suggest that the use of raw materials with different chemical compositions in the production of bricks and aggregates. The results reveal that pozzolanic cocciopesto aggregates were intentionally manufactured differently to building bricks to create hydraulic lime mortars. © 2024 Elsevier LtdArticle Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 10Interior Plastering of Ottoman Bath Buildings(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) İpekci, Emre; Böke, Hasan; Uğurlu Sağın, Elif; Uğurlu Sağın, Elif; Böke, Hasan; İpekci, Emre; 02.01. Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of ArchitectureOttoman baths were peculiar buildings with their function in community life, architectural characteristics and material use. Their interior spaces were exposed to high humidity and temperatures that made the building structure vulnerable to physical, chemical, physicochemical and biological degradations. Plasters used on the interior wall surfaces were the most important agents to protect the structure from deterioration and provide durability. This study aims to exhibit the plaster characteristics of Çinili Bath in İstanbul which was an outstanding example of Ottoman baths and built by Great Architect Sinan. Basic physical properties, raw material compositions, mineralogical, microstructural and hydraulic properties of original brick-lime plasters called as horasan (khorasan) plasters used on the walls were determined by XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS and TGA. Multilayered plaster application together with the use of glazed tiles were observed on the wall surfaces of all interior spaces. The plasters were produced from pure lime and pozzolanic crushed brick or tile aggregates and hydraulic because of the pozzolanic properties of aggregates. They are stiff, compact and durable in hot and humid conditions of bath buildings due to their self-healing properties and the formation of calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminate hydrates at the lime-brick interfaces and in the pores of the pozzolanic brick aggregates by the reaction of lime. Characteristics of brick aggregates were compared with the construction bricks used in the building. Their chemical and mineralogical compositions revealed that the aggregates had not been produced from construction bricks. All the results indicated that brick-lime plasters were the most suitable materials for bath buildings to protect the structure from the effect of water. © 2019 The Authors