Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148

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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 1
    Citation - Scopus: 1
    Automating Software Size Measurement With Language Models: Insights From Industrial Case Studies
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2026) Unlu, Huseyin; Tenekeci, Samet; Kennouche, Dhia Eddine; Demirors, Onur
    Objective software size measurement is critical for accurate effort estimation, yet many organizations avoid it due to high costs, required expertise, and time-consuming manual effort. This often leads to vague predictions, poor planning, and project overruns. To address this challenge, we investigate the use of pre-trained language models - BERT and SE-BERT - to automate size measurement based on textual requirements using COSMIC and MicroM methods. We constructed one heterogeneous dataset and two industrial datasets, each manually measured by experienced analysts. Models were evaluated in three settings: (i) generic model evaluation, where the models are trained and tested on heterogeneous data, (ii) internal evaluation, where the models are trained and tested on organization-specific data, and (iii) external evaluation, where generic models were tested on organization-specific data. Results show that organization-specific models significantly outperform generic models, indicating that aligning training data with the target organization's requirement style is critical for accuracy. SE-BERT, a domain-adapted variant of BERT, improves performance, particularly in low-resource settings. These findings highlight the practical potential of tailoring training data for broader adoption and cost-effective software size measurement in industrial contexts.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - Scopus: 8
    An Exploratory Case Study on Effort Estimation in Microservices
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Unlu,H.; Hacaloglu,T.; Omural,N.K.; Caliskanel,N.; Leblebici,O.; Demirors,O.
    Software project management plays an important role in producing high-quality software, and effort estimation can be considered as a backbone for successful project management. Size is a very significant attribute of software by being the only input to perform early effort estimation. Even though functional size measurement methods showed successful results in effort estimation of traditional data-centric architectures such as monoliths, they were not designed for today's architectures which are more service-based and decentralized such as microservices. In these new systems, the event concept is highly used specifically for communication among different services. By being motivated by this fact, in this study, we looked for more microservice-compatible ways of sizing microservices using events and developed a method accordingly. Then, we conducted an exploratory case study in an organization using agile methods and measured the size of 17 Product Backlog Items (PBIs) to assess how this proposed method can be useful in effort estimation in microservices. The implication from the case study is that despite performing a more accurate effort estimation using the proposed size measurement than COSMIC, we were unable to significantly outperform using the total number of events. However, our suggested approach demonstrated to us a different way to use software size in terms of events, namely, to determine the coupling complexity of the project. This finding can be beneficial specifically when evaluating the change requests. © 2023 IEEE.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - WoS: 3
    Citation - Scopus: 4
    Mikroservisler için İşgücü Kestirimi: Bir Durum Çalışması
    (IEEE, 2021) Ünlü, Hüseyin; Hacaloğlu, Tuna; Leblebici, Onur; Demirörs, Onur
    Software size measurement is critical as an input to perform important project management processes such as effort, cost and schedule estimation. Functional size measurement (FSM) methods are beneficial in terms of being applicable in the early phases of the software life cycle over functional requirements and providing a systematic and repeatable method. However, in agile organizations, it can be challenging to seperate measurement components of FSM methods from requirements in the early phases as the documentation is kept to a minimum compared to traditional methods such as the Waterfall Model and is detailed as the project steps. In addition, the existing FSM methods are not fully compatible with today's architectural structures, which are from being data-driven and to evolve into a behaviour-oriented structure. In this study, we performed a case study which includes a project developed with agile methods and using microservice-based architecture to compare the effectiveness of COSMIC FSM and event-based software size measurement. For this purpose, we measured the size of the project and created effort estimation models based on two methods. The measurers had difficulty in applying both methods due to the limited detail level of the requirements in the project. However, the event-based method was found to estimate effort with less error than the COSMIC FSM method.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - WoS: 1
    Citation - Scopus: 3
    Automated Estimation of Functional Size From Code
    (IEEE, 2020) Özen, Özgesu; Özsoy, Bora; Aktılav, Busenur; Güleç, Eren Can; Demirörs, Onur
    Determination of the size of a software project is challenging as well as crucial for both self-employed software developers and corporate businesses. That's why it is subjected to a lot of academic studies where it is discussed how to determine the size more accurately. Functional Size Measurement (FSM) is one the most popular measurement techniques for a software from the point of the delivered functionality. However, the aspects of know-how, the cost, time, and manual operation creates difficulties to apply FSM techniques. This study aims to solve these issues by automating the measurement process to approximate the functional size of a project using the COSMIC Functional Size Measurement. The end product of this study is called 'Cosmic APP' that utilizes the sequence diagram of a software after reverse engineering it from the given code using a third-party tool called 'SequenceDiagram'. The working principles, the estimation process, and the obtained results of 'Cosmic APP' are described thoroughly in this paper. © 2020 IEEE.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - WoS: 15
    Citation - Scopus: 20
    Measureability of Functional Size in Agile Software Projects: Multiple Case Studies With Cosmic Fsm
    (IEEE, 2019) Hacaloğlu, Tuna; Demirörs, Onur
    Functional size measurement (FSM) has been used in software engineering for decades as a main driver for estimation and significant input for other various project management activities throughout the project life span. To apply FSM accurately at the early stages of software development process, especially for estimation purposes, functional user requirements need to be available in detail as required by the adopted FSM method. However, in agile software development, requirement specifications, in general, are kept minimal. For this reason, the adjustment of the requirements to the necessary granularity level has been articulated as one of the barriers preventing the diffusion of FSM practices among agile teams. In this paper, we take a closer look at this problem in order to investigate the usability of FSM and to reveal FSM related challenges empirically through case studies on real agile projects from different software organizations. This study also provides a snapshot of agile organizations in terms of requirement specification and estimation related practices. © 2019 IEEE.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - Scopus: 41
    Effort Estimation for Agile Software Development: Comparative Case Studies Using Cosmic Functional Size Measurement and Story Points
    (Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2017) Salmanoğlu, Murat; Hacaloğlu, Tuna; Demirörs, Onur
    Agile methodologies have gained significant popularity among software development organizations during the last decade. Although agile methodologies are regarded as minimizing formal processes, they still utilize an estimation methodology for proper management. Story point is the most common input for agile effort estimation. Story point is an arbitrary measure; it reflects experiences of project participants. On the other hand, functional size is an alternative measure used in practice as an input for effort estimation. In this research, we collect and present the outcomes of three case studies which compared the effectiveness of COSMIC-based and story point based effort estimation in agile context. On selected projects of these organizations, software functional size was measured with COSMIC functional size measurement methodology. Effort prediction models were formed by using COSMIC size and actual effort spent; and the models were tested in terms of their effectiveness. The results show controversial outcomes. For all the cases, COSMIC based estimation was more precise. Therefore, COSMIC is an appropriate measure to estimate the effort in organizations that adopt agile software development. It is also observed that COSMIC allowed for computing productivity which has less disperse distribution than the productivity computed with SP. The data is also provided to help other researchers conduct their own studies.