Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148
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Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 14Perspectives of Biomass Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis for Co-Refining: Review and Correlation of Literature Data From Continuously Operated Setups(American Chemical Society, 2022) Prins, Wolter; Yıldız, GürayFor the co-processing of pyrolysis-based biocrudes within petroleum refineries, a degree of conditioning/upgrading involving the cracking of the oligomers and (partial) removal of oxygen could be operationally beneficial. By inducing a complex set of reactions in biomass-derived fast pyrolysis vapors, catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) ensures significant changes in oxygen functionalities and alleviates oxygen concentration in the resulting liquid intermediate (CFP-oil). Due to its reduced oxygen content and acidity, CFP-oil could be considered suitable for co-feeding in FCC units and/or for co-hydrotreatment (co-HT) with gas oils within the existing crude oil processing infrastructure. On the operational side, however, research concerning CFP of biomass has shown poor results: deoxygenation of pyrolysis vapors goes along with a progressive reduction in CFP-oil yield. Apart from any control over catalyst activity, selectivity, and lifetime, the other critical issue is in the process design, which is complicated by rapid catalyst deactivation through coke formation and catalyst poisoning by biomass-originated minerals. This review analyzes the outcome of research efforts concerning in- and ex situ CFP of biomass based on carefully selected literature studies reporting the results obtained from meso- and macrolevel laboratory-scale setups, pilot, process development units (PDU), and (semi-) commercial process units, wherein the biomass feedstock and catalyst is fed continuously. Key operational aspects such as the reactor technology, reactive medium, processing mode, and optimization of process parameters are addressed. The performances of continuously operated CFP units were benchmarked through a comparison of yields and elemental compositions of (by-)products. Despite the considerable research efforts related to CFP technology development, the co-processing of CFP-oil is still in its infancy. However, in close collaboration with refinery professionals, it could be made a serious candidate for biobased co-feeding. For refinery integration, quality parameters of CFP-oil, e.g., acidity, stability, and miscibility, should be considered as crucial as its oxygen content.Article Citation - WoS: 36Citation - Scopus: 39Transesterification of Sunflower Oil on Single Step Sol-Gel Made Al2o3 Supported Cao Catalysts: Effect of Basic Strength and Basicity on Turnover Frequency(Elsevier Ltd., 2012) Umdu, Emin Selahattin; Şeker, ErolThe activities of single step sol-gel made calcium oxide on alumina catalysts were studied as a function of CaO loading, methanol/oil molar ratio and the amount of the catalyst in the transesterification of sunflower oil at 50°C. Also, the turnover frequency (TOF) of the catalysts was calculated to better understand the relationship between the basicity/basic strength and the catalytic activity. From volcano curve (TOF vs. basic strength), it was found that under 50°C and methanol/oil molar ratio of 9, 60% CaO/Al 2O 3 had the highest turnover frequency, 0.028s -1, whereas 85% CaO/Al 2O 3 showed the highest biodiesel yield, ∼96.6%, but TOF obtained on it was 0.012s -1. It seemed that 60% CaO catalyst had the proper basic strength to obtain the highest TOF. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Article Citation - WoS: 32Citation - Scopus: 35Liquid Phase Transformation of ?-Pinene Over Beta Zeolites Containing Aluminium or Boron, Titanium and Vanadium as Lattice Ions(Elsevier Ltd., 2005) Gündüz, Gönül; Dimitrova, Raina D.; Yılmaz, Selahattin; Dimitrov, LjubomirBeta zeolites with different modules (SiO2/Al2 O3) and containing B, Ti or V in lattice positions were synthesised by different methods and tested as catalysts in liquid phase transformation of α-pinene at 100 °C in a batch reactor. It was established that the hydrogen forms of Beta samples with a SiO2/Al2O3 module of about 55-66 and containing both micro- and mesopores displayed high catalytic activity in liquid phase isomerization of α-pinene. Samples with boron, titanium or vanadium, as lattice ions possess insignificant catalytic activity.Article Citation - WoS: 263Palladium Nanoparticles by Electrospinning From Poly(acrylonitrile-Co Acid)-Pdcl2 Solutions. Relations Between Preparation Conditions, Particle Size, and Catalytic Activity(American Chemical Society, 2004) Demir, Mustafa Muammer; Gülgün, Mehmet A.; Menceloğlu, Yusuf Z.; Erman, Burak; Abramchuk, Sergei S.; Makhaeva, Elena E.; Khokhlov, Alexei R.; Matveeva, Valentina G.; Sulman, Mikhail G.Catalytic palladium (Pd) nanoparticles on electrospun copolymers of acrylonitrile and acrylic acid (PAN-AA) mats were produced via reduction of PdCl2 with hydrazine. Fiber mats were electrospun from homogeneous solutions of PAN-AA and PdCl2 in dimethylformamide (DMF). Pd cations were reduced to Pd metals when fiber mats were treated in an aqueous hydrazine solution at room temperature. Pd atoms nucleate and form small crystallites whose sizes were estimated from the peak broadening of X-ray diffraction peaks. Two to four crystallites adhere together and form agglomerates. Agglomerate sizes and fiber diameters were determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Spherical Pd nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously on the electrospun nanofibers, The effects of copolymer composition and amount of PdCl2 on particle size were investigated. Pd particle size mainly depends on the amount of acrylic acid functional groups and PdCl2 concentration in the spinning solution. Increasing acrylic acid concentration on polymer chains leads to larger Pd nanoparticles. In addition, Pd particle size becomes larger with increasing PdCl2 concentration in the spinning solution. Hence, it is possible to tune the number density and the size of metal nanoparticles. The catalytic activity of the Pd nanoparticles in electrospun mats was determined by selective hydrogenation of dehydrolinalool (3,7-dimethyloct-6-ene-l-yne-3-ol, DHL) in toluene at 90°C. Electrospun fibers with Pd particles have 4.5 times higher catalytic activity than the current PoVAl2O3 catalyst.