Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148
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Article Citation - WoS: 158Citation - Scopus: 381Observation of the Rare B0s??+?- Decay From the Combined Analysis of Cms and Lhcb Data(Nature Publishing Group, 2015) CMS Collaboration; Karapınar, GülerThe standard model of particle physics describes the fundamental particles and their interactions via the strong, electromagnetic and weak forces. It provides precise predictions for measurable quantities that can be tested experimentally. The probabilities, or branching fractions, of the strangeB meson (B0 s ) andtheB0meson decaying into two oppositely charged muons (μ+ and μ-) are especially interesting because of their sensitivity to theories that extend the standard model. The standard model predicts that the B0s→μ+μ- and B0s→μ+μ- decays are very rare, with about four of the former occurring for every billion B0 s mesons produced, and one of the latter occurring for every ten billion B0 mesons1. A difference in the observed branching fractions with respect to the predictions of the standard model would provide a direction in which the standard model should be extended. Before the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN2 started operating, no evidence for either decay mode had been found. Upper limits on the branching fractions were an order of magnitude above the standard model predictions. The CMS (CompactMuonSolenoid) andLHCb(LargeHadronCollider beauty) collaborations have performed a joint analysis of the data from proton'proton collisions that they collected in 2011 at a centre-ofmass energy of seven teraelectronvolts and in 2012 at eight teraelectronvolts. Here we report the first observation of the B0s→μ+μ- decay, with a statistical significance exceeding six standard deviations, and the best measurement so far of its branching fraction. Furthermore, we obtained evidence for the B0s→μ+μ- decay with a statistical significance of three standard deviations. Both measurements are statistically compatible with standard model predictions and allow stringent constraints to be placed on theories beyond the standardmodel. The LHCexperimentswill resume taking data in 2015, recording proton'proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 teraelectronvolts, which will approximately double the production rates of B0s and B0 mesons and lead to further improvements in the precision of these crucial tests of the standard model. © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 660Citation - Scopus: 692Emission of Coherent Thz Radiation From Superconductors(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2007) Özyüzer, Lütfi; Koshelev, A. E.; Kurter, Cihan; Gopalsami, N.; Li, Q.; Tachiki, M.; Kadowaki, K.; Yamamoto, T.; Minami, H.; Yamaguchi, H.; Tachiki, T.; Gray, Kenneth E.; Kwok, W. K.; Welp, U.Compact solid-state sources of terahertz (THz) radiation are being sought for sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy applications across the physical and biological sciences. We demonstrate that coherent continuous-wave THz radiation of sizable power can be extracted from intrinsic Josephson junctions in the layered high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu 2O8. In analogy to a laser cavity, the excitation of an electromagnetic cavity resonance inside the sample generates a macroscopic coherent state in which a large number of junctions are synchronized to oscillate in phase. The emission power is found to increase as the square of the number of junctions reaching values of 0.5 microwatt at frequencies up to 0.85 THz, and persists up to ∼50 kelvin. These results should stimulate the development of superconducting compact sources of THz radiation.