Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148
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Book Part The Role of Polyurethane Foam Indoors in the Fate of Flame Retardants and Other Semivolatile Organic Compounds(American Chemical Society, 2021) Sofuoğlu, Aysun; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Sofuoğlu, Aysun; Genişoğlu, Mesut; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyFlame retardant chemicals are added to polyurethane foams (PUFs) during production. These chemicals are released to the environment during the use of PUF containing furniture or building materials. In contrast, organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, synthetic musk compounds, and volatile organic compounds could be sorbed by PUF depending on the concentration gradient, ambient temperature, and the physicochemical properties. Most of these substances tend to accumulate by adhering to organic matter in dust, particles, and surfaces, as they do not degrade for long periods of time. Sorption-emission cycles of PUF-associated organic compounds prolong their presence in indoor environments, which could increase human exposure. Since these organic compounds might have carcinogenic or chronic-toxic health effects on living organisms, it is important to understand the role of PUF in exposure to these substances in indoor environments. This chapter reviews the literature on the relationship of organic substances with PUF in indoor environments.Article Citation - WoS: 98Citation - Scopus: 118Organophosphate Ester (opes) Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Air and Soil From a Highly Industrialized City in Turkey(Elsevier Ltd., 2018) Kurt Karakuş, Perihan Binnur; Alegria, Henry; Birgül, Aşkın; Güngörmüş, Elif; Jantunen, Liisa; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyPassive air samples were collected at eight sites in Bursa, Turkey during five sampling periods between February–December 2014. Locations encompassed urban, suburban, industrial, rural and background environments. Soil samples (n = 8) were collected at each site during February 2014. Six OPEs were detected in samples: tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), and tris(2-isopropylphenyl) phosphate (T2iPPP). Frequency of detection in air samples was TCPP and TPHP (100%) > TBOEP (88%) > TCEP (85%) > TEHP (78%) > T2iPPP (20%). Total OPEs in air per site by sampling period (excluding non-detects) ranged from 529 to 19,139 pg/m3. In soil, total OPEs ranged from 38 to 468 ng/g dw. In air, alkylated OPEs dominated followed by halogenated and aryl OPEs. In air, annual mean concentrations were TBOEP > TCPP > TPHP > T2iPPP > TEHP > TCEP. In soils, alkylated OPEs were dominant at six sites and chlorinated OPEs at two sites. A comparison of OPE profiles between air and soil suggests that soils may be partly a source of OPEs to air. Mean concentrations in air were not directly proportional to temperature, and there were differences between alkylated compared to halogenated and aryl OPEs. In air, total and alkylated OPEs levels were fairly uniform, whereas more variability was found for the halogenated and aryl compounds. The relative contribution to total OPEs decreases for alkylated OPEs and increases for halogenated OPEs in samples going from background to suburban to urban and industrial sites. Levels of individual OPEs were all positively correlated between air and soils. In air, correlations between individual compounds were weak to moderate and were only statistically significant for TBOEP and TPHP. In soils, correlations were generally stronger and statistically significant only for TPHP and T2iPPP.