Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148

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Author: search.filters.author.Liu, YiyanPublication Index: search.filters.publicationIndex.Scopus

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  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 5
    Citation - Scopus: 5
    Estimation of Settlement-Induced Damage in Masonry Buildings From Displacement Measurements
    (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Liu, Yiyan; Burd, Harvey; Gulen, Derya Burcu; Dalgic, Korhan Deniz; Gilson, Ben; Ilki, Alper; Acikgoz, Sinan
    In current engineering practice, building damage due to nearby ground excavation activities is typically quantified by processing displacement measurements. Building displacements at discrete points are used to determine deflection measures (such as angular distortion) which are then employed to estimate building strains using elastic beam models; damage is subsequently categorised according to the limiting tensile strain criteria. The reliability of this procedure relies on the extent to which the equivalent beam models employed in the analysis provide a realistic representation of the building behaviour. However, few published investigations are available on this issue. The current paper provides an appraisal of displacement-based building damage estimation techniques by employing digital image correlation displacement data collected from a recent experimental campaign on the settlement response of three half-scale masonry buildings. The results demonstrate that the treatment of buildings with equivalent beam models does not capture building deformation kinematics, potentially leading to inaccurate estimations of damage severity and location. An alternative strain interpretation procedure, inspired by an equivalent frame idealisation of a building fa & ccedil;ade with openings, is proposed. This procedure, which uses a limited number of displacement measurements, offers a robust interpretation of strains. Its effectiveness in estimating damage is assessed through experimental data. It is demonstrated that the current limiting tensile strain criteria need to be modified to provide a reliable estimation of crack widths when using the equivalent frame idealisation.
  • Book Part
    Design and Construction of a Test Setup To Investigate Ground Settlement Response of Large-Scale Masonry Building Models
    (Springer, 2023) Liu, Yiyan; Dalgıç, Korhan Deniz; Yeşilyurt, Cennet; Gülen, Burcu; Açıkgöz, Sinan; Maraşlı, Muhammed; İlki, Alper
    Underground construction activities such as tunnelling and deep excavations in urban areas may impact a significant number of surface structures and cause damage. Tunnelling-induced damage can often be repaired, but at great expense, due to significant repair costs and associated project delays. Within this context, damage caused by excavation-induced ground movements on heritage masonry buildings requires further attention, due to the cultural value and vulnerability of these assets. There is a need for experimental studies to better understand the structural response of these buildings to excavation-induced ground movements. In this study, a test setup was designed and constructed to examine the response of an experimental building model, replicating historic masonry structures, against differential settlement effects. The settlement apparatus relies on controlled jacking of large steel beams to apply differential displacements to the building. A specific tunneling scenario was considered for the design of the settlement apparatus. The constructed test setup is validated by evaluating the displacement profiles of the steel beam for different tests, with or without building. Differences between the differential settlements experienced by the steel beam and the building highlights how building weight and progressive damage may increase compliance to ground movements. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - Scopus: 2
    A Critical Evaluation of Proxy Measures Used To Quantify Excavation-Induced Damage in Masonry Buildings
    (CRC Press, 2022) Liu, Yiyan; Gülen, Burcu; Açıkgöz, Sinan; Burd, Harvey; Gilson, Ben; İlki, Alper; Dalgıç, Korhan Deniz
    Building response during nearby excavation activities (e.g., tunnelling or deep excavations) is traditionally monitored by conducting displacement measurements. These displacement data are then post-processed to determine proxy measures that are correlated to damage categories. For masonry buildings, commonly-used proxy measures include building deflection ratio, horizontal relative displacement and angular distortion; simple mechanical models and empirical rules are used to define limiting values for these proxy measures to identify and control the level of cracking in buildings during construction. This procedure has a profound influence on mitigation and construction activities, and a critical evaluation of its veracity is needed. To this end, results from a recent experimental campaign on the settlement response of half-scale masonry buildings are examined in this paper. During these tests, detailed optical measurements were conducted, allowing the calculation of absolute displacements across the façade, as well as crack opening displacements at specific locations. These measurements facilitate a direct comparison between the actual observed damage and the damage category that is indicated by the proxy measures. The comparisons highlight the limitations of existing techniques. A discussion is provided on how proxy measure calculations can be improved to deliver more reliable indications of building damage. © 2022 the Author(s).
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 8
    Citation - Scopus: 13
    Masonry Buildings Subjected To Settlements: Half-Scale Testing, Detailed Measurements, and Insights Into Behaviour
    (Elsevier, 2023) Dalgıç, Korhan Deniz; Gülen, Burcu; Liu, Yiyan; Açıkgöz, Sinan; Burd, Harvey; Maraşlı, Muhammed; İlki, Alper
    Industry procedures to assess the risk of settlement-induced damage to masonry buildings ignore key aspects of the problem, such as the influences of building weight, façade openings, and floor structures. Experimental data are needed to characterise the influence of these aspects on damage. This paper describes tests on three brick masonry half-scale building models subjected to settlements. The use of scaling rules in choosing the model materials and kentledge, the settlement apparatus, and the cross-validation of displacement and strain measurements are presented. Comparative evaluation of building responses show that: (i) the distribution of building weight and the resulting in-situ stresses play a key role in determining compliance to settlements, (ii) openings make the structure vulnerable to cracking and (iii) floor slabs stiffen and strengthen the building and prevent the formation of damage in the upper floors, leading to a concentration of damage at the ground storey.