Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148

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Institution Author: search.filters.institutionAuthor.Böke, HasanSubject: search.filters.subject.Archaeological site

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  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 1
    Citation - Scopus: 1
    Profiling the Bacterial Diversity in Historic Limestone From Anazarbos Archaeological Site by Advanced Molecular and Spectroscopic Techniques
    (University of the Aegean, 2022) Aydın, Rozelin; İpekci, Emre; Daday, Mine Taykurt; Yüceer, Hülya; Böke, Hasan
    The architectural remains as well as sculptures, mosaics, and other artifacts in the archaeological sites are mostly made of stone and susceptible to biodeterioration by microorganisms. Bacterial communities are known to have the most effective role in biological deterioration in stones. The ancient city of Anazarbos (Anavarza), chosen as the study area, is the 1st Degree Archaeological Site in the vicinity of Dilekkaya Village, Kozan District, about 70 km north of Adana. The microbiological, chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural properties of stone samples taken from different places were studied in this research. Samples were taken from i) where no deterioration occurred, ii) where different forms of deterioration were observed, iii) archaeological deposits, iii) archaeological deposits that came from deteriorated stone samples area. Spectroscopic, thermal, and microscopic techniques applied included: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive System (SEM-EDS), Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). The bacterial biodiversity was analyzed by the application of Illumina-based next-generation sequencing methods. Results show intense biological colonisations with clay minerals on limestone surfaces. A patina of clay minerals was observed on newly excavated stone surfaces, while biological colonisations have not yet intensified. The metabarcoding analysis showed 15 bacterial phyla. The Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla in both stones and archaeological deposits samples. Human activity (intensive agriculture, animal husbandry), accumulation of rainwater in excavated areas adversely affects stones, which leads to acceleration of biological deterioration in stones. Thus, all features of the site require multi-faceted studies prior to unearthing of archaeological remains.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 10
    Citation - Scopus: 12
    Weathering of Andesite Monuments in Archaeological Sites
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2013) Kaplan, Çaglayan Deniz; Mürtezaoğlu, Fulya; İpekoğlu, Başak; Böke, Hasan
    Archaeological sites, which are the integral parts of cultural heritage, have to be conserved as a whole to have a variety of information about past societies. In this study, the weathering problems of unburied and newly excavated andesite monuments in Aigai archaeological site (Manisa, Turkey) were investigated for the purpose of their conservation. With this intent, the basic physical properties, mineralogical and chemical compositions and microstructural properties of sound and weathered samples were determined by using XRD, SEM-EDS, FT-IR and TGA analysis. Results of the study indicated that the weathering mechanisms of unburied and post-excavated andesite differ from each other. The main weathering problems observed on the unburied stones are mainly increasing microcracks from inner parts to the surfaces, deposition of iron oxides and microbiological colonization due to climatic conditions of the site. In the newly excavated areas, calcium carbonate deposition, accumulation of clay minerals and microbiological colonization are the main weathering problems due to weathering of silica minerals through the action of carbon dioxide and water during burial.