Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Bioethanol Production From Fungal Sources Using Low-Cost Agro-Industrial Waste Products(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2012) Evcan, Ezgi; Evcan, Ezgi; Özen, Fatma Banu; Tarı, Canan; Tarı, Canan; Özen, Fatma Banu; 03.08. Department of Food Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyIn recent years, the rapid increase in environmental problems, greenhouse gas emissions, fuel prices and the unlimited consumption of fuel stocks made people search for some alternative energy sources. Bioethanol is one of the most popular alternative sources with its many beneficial features. Considering the sugar content of fruit pomaces, which are the waste of fruit juice industry, are very convenient and cheap fermentation raw materials for production of bioethanol. The aim of this study was to create a renewable alternative for fossil fuel and to provide a viable solution to multiple environmental problems simultaneously creating a sink for waste utilization and optimize bioethanol production from apple pomace hydrolysate using Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus sojae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by statistical methods. Here, screening and optimization steps were conducted in order to determine the significant factors and their optimum levels. Factors such as inoculation rate of A.sojae and T.harzianum and agitation speed were considered as factor variables, whereas the response variable was bioethanol production. According to the results of the screening process, inoculation rate of S.cerevisiae was fixed as 4% and aeration method as vented. In the optimization step, levels of the other factors were enlarged. The highest bioethanol production and yield on substrate were 8.748 g/l and 0.946, respectively. Higher concentrations of inoculation rates of T.harzianum and A.sojae (6%) and agitation speed of 200 rpm led to maximum bioethanol production. Furthermore, the results pointed out that using cocultures because of its synergistic interactions is an effective way for production of bioethanol.Master Thesis Chemical Composition Analysis of Agroindustrial Waste and Their Potential Usage in Bio-Ethanol Production(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Üçüncü, Can; Tarı, Canan; Tari, Canan; 03.08. Department of Food Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyBetween the year 2000 and 2008 the amount of fruits and vegetables used in fruit juice industry were 4918400 tons in Turkey. Thus, % 15-30 of a fruit is pomace, high amount of pomace appears as waste in fruit juice industry every year. Some of these pomaces could be candidates as potential fermentation media for bioethanol production. The aim of this study was in first step the optimization of the hydrolysis conditions using statistical methods and then the selection of the best hydrolysate for bioethanol production using the fungus Tricoderma harzianum. In the optimization study the factors were temperature, time, solid liquid ratio and acid percentage whereas the responses were furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose and total reducing sugar yield. According to the results of the screening process, the hydrolysis step was carried out at a temperature and time of 126 ï‚°C, 40 min for apricot pomace and 110 ï‚°C, 40 min for peach and apple pomace. In the optimisation step and levels of the other factors were enlarged. The highest reducing sugar yield during optimization was 31% for apple, 49.16% for apricot and 52.44% for peach pomace. These results indicated that these pomaces hold certain potential for bioethanol production. Three different incubators (CO2, static and non-static) were used for the fermentation process. Tricoderma harzianum grown aerobically in two different media (YPM and YNB) inoculated in apple hydrolysates was used in each incubator for bioethanol production. The highest ethanol production was 1.67g/L in non-static incubator with the culture grown in YNB media.