Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

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Access type: Open accessAuthor: search.filters.author.Baysal, Ayşe Handan

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  • Master Thesis
    Effect of Edible Film and Allicin on Shelf Life of Chicken Meat
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Cancı, Şeyda; Baysal, Ayşe Handan
    Tavuk eti besleyici değeri sebebiyle sağlıklı beslenme için önemli bir gıdadır ve büyüme çağındaki çocuklar ve yaşlılar gibi toplumun çoğu popülasyonu tarafından tüketilen bir gıdadır. Ancak tavuk eti kolay bozulabilen bir gıdadır ve bunun önüne geçmek için yenilebilir kaplamalardan ve biyoaktif bileşenlerden yararlanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kitosanın antibakteriyel, antimikrobiyal, biyouyumlu ve biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir özellikleri ve allisinin antimikrobiyal, antifungal ve antioksidan özellikleri kullanılarak tavuk bagetlerdeki raf ömrüne etkisi incelenmiştir. Tavuk bagetlerin, farklı konsantrasyonlarda hazırlanan kitosan ve allisin çözeltileriyle K1A1(1% Kitosan + 10% Allisin), K1A2 (1% Kitosan + 20% Allisin), K2A1(2% Kitosan + 10% Allisin), K2A2(2% Kitosan + 20% Allisin) ve sadece kitosanın farklı konsantrasyonlarını içeren çözeltileriyle (%1 Kitosan, %2 Kitosan) kaplanması, mikrobiyolojik özellikleri, duyusal özellikleri, kimyasal parametleri, oksidatif bozulma parametreleri belirlenen raf ömrü boyunca 4 ⸰C'de saklanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kitosan ve allisin ile kaplanan numunelerde ve kitosan çözeltisiyle kaplanmış numunelerde kontrol grubuna kıyasla toplam canlı, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas bakteri sayımlarında, bakteri sayısı önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Toplam canlı gelişimini engellemede en etkili sonuç, tavuk bagetlerin raf ömrünü uzatan K2A1 örnek grubuyla elde edildi. Depolamanın 10. günündeki TBA sonuçlarında, %1 kitosanla kaplanmış tavuk bagetlerin 0.33 mg MDA/kg değeriyle lipid oksidasyonunu engellemede en başarılı grup olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçtan sonra en başarılı sonuç 0.55 mg MDA/kg değeriyle K1A2 örneği olmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Allisin, Antimikrobiyal,Antioksidan, Kitosan, TBA, Toplam canlı
  • Master Thesis
    Development of Probiotic Bar With Microencapsulated Probiotics
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) İriçağıl, Zelihan; Harsa, Hayriye Şebnem; Baysal, Ayşe Handan
    Bu çalışma, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM-I745 ve Alkalihalobacillus clausii (N/R, O/C, SIN, T) gibi probiyotikleri mikroenkapsüle ederek, bu yararlı mikroorganizmaların stabilitesini ve canlılığını artırmayı amaçlayan bir probiyotik barın geliştirilmesini incelemektedir. Mikroenkapsülasyon, probiyotikleri koruyucu bir matris sağlayan lupin protein izolatı-ksantan gam-trehaloz kompleksi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mikroenkapsüle edilmiş probiyotikler, glutensiz yulaf, hurma, fıstık ezmesi, kuru incir, ceviz, keten tohumu, tarçın ve tuz içeren bir bar formülasyonuna eklenmiştir. Nem içeriği, su aktivitesi, doku ve renk ölçümleri gibi fizikokimyasal analizler, barların kalitesini değerlendirmek için yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, probiyotiklerin canlılığını izlemek amacıyla 4°C'de 90 günlük bir depolama çalışması yürütülmüştür. Sonuçlar, mikroenkapsülasyonun probiyotiklerin stabilitesini ve hayatta kalma oranını önemli ölçüde artırdığını, canlı sayılarının depolama süresi boyunca 106 CFU/g üzerinde kaldığını ve Türk Gıda Kodeksi standartlarını karşıladığını göstermiştir. Özellikle, mikroenkapsüle edilmiş probiyotikler 90 günlük depolama süresince 1 log CFU/g'den az bir azalma gösterirken, serbest probiyotikler 3 log CFU/g'den fazla bir azalma göstermiştir. Çalışma ayrıca, probiyotiklerin in vitro gastrointestinal hayatta kalma oranlarını incelemiş ve mikroenkapsüle edilmiş probiyotiklerin simüle edilmiş mide ve bağırsak koşullarına karşı üstün direnç gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Mikroenkapsülasyon süreci, depolama ve sindirim sırasında karşılaşılan zorlu çevresel faktörlerden koruyarak probiyotiklerin canlılığının korunmasını iyileştirmiştir. Bu araştırma, mikroenkapsülasyon tekniklerinin fonksiyonel gıdaların geliştirilmesindeki potansiyelini vurgulamakta ve yenilikçi, süt içermeyen probiyotik ürünler yaratma konusunda gıda endüstrisine değerli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.
  • Master Thesis
    Anti-Microbial Properties and Biochemical Characterization of Maillard Reaction Products From Legume Protein Hydrolysates and D-Glucose
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Gündoğan, Bengihan; Ceylan, Çağatay; Baysal, Ayşe Handan
    Bu tez, çeşitli termal koşullarda (175°C ila 275°C) D-glukoz ile reaksiyona sokulan nohut, bakla, adi fasulye ve soya fasulyesi protein hidrolizatlarından elde edilen Maillard Reaksiyon Ürünlerinin (MRP'ler) antimikrobiyal özelliklerini ve biyokimyasal karakterizasyonunu araştırmaktadır. Çalışmada bu MRP'lerin Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactococcus lactis, Candida albicans, Saccharomyces var. boulardii ve Saccharomyces cerevisiae'ye karşı antimikrobiyal aktivitesi değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar nohut MRP'lerinin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktiviteyi sergilediğini, bunu bakla MRP'lerinin izlediğini, bakteri ve maya sayılarında önemli azalmalar olduğunu göstermiştir; antimikrobiyal etkinlik işleme sıcaklığına göre değişiklik göstermiş ve belirli koşullarda optimum aktiviteye işaret etmiştir. UV-Vis spektroskopisi, FTIR, HPLC ve NMR analizleri kullanılarak yapılan biyokimyasal karakterizasyon, melanoidin içeriğinde ve yapısal özelliklerinde baklagil kaynağına ve ısıl işleme bağlı olarak farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Kolorimetrik analiz ve esmerleşme indeksi tayini, daha yüksek sıcaklıkların daha koyu MRP'lere yol açtığını ve esmerleşme indekslerinin arttığını göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, baklagil bazlı MRP'lerin gıda muhafazasında doğal antimikrobiyal ajanlar olarak potansiyele sahip olduğunu ve gelişmiş sağlık yararları ve güvenliği ile yeni gıda ürünlerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunduğunu göstermektedir.
  • Master Thesis
    Investigation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of Some Green Leaf Plants
    (2023) Çetin, Elif Nur; Baysal, Ayşe Handan; Özen, Fatma Banu
    The present study aims to investigate the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant properties, and cytotoxic activity of extracts obtained from leaf samples that are discarded as waste products. For this purpose, two different green leaves were selected: one is the grape (Vitis vinifera) leaf, a by-product from the winemaking process, and the other is the cauliflower (Brassica oleracea, var. botrytis) leaf, which is a waste product of cauliflower, and they were subjected to related tests. Both leaf samples were extracted by water because of its easy accessibility and environmentally friendly properties. Leaf extracts were examined according to their total phenolic content and subjected to chemical characterization by Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry system. The promising antioxidant activities of the water-extracted leaf samples were authenticated through DPPH and ABTS assays. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities were examined against some Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Listeria innocua, and Carnobacterium divergens) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Serratia liquefaciens, and Salmonella Typhimurium) strains, and two fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans) species. Both tested leaf extracts showed a dose-dependent antimicrobial activity, while the antimicrobial activity of grape leaf extract was slightly higher. However, their activities against biofilm formation were varying in different bacterial and fungi species. The cytotoxic activity of the leaf extracts was examined on the mouse fibroblast cell (L929) line. According to the presented results, neither of the leaf extract samples used in the study showed any unwholesome effects on the cell line at any time point.
  • Master Thesis
    Uv-C Irradiation and Lantibiotic Nisin Applications for Food Biopreservation
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Altundaş, İlker; Baysal, Ayşe Handan; Sezgin, Efe
    The antibacterial and antifungal activity of Lantibiotic Nisin and Essential oil Carvacrol against pathogenic and spoilage-forming microorganisms was investigated in this study. The antimicrobial activities of these compounds were observed in vitro on one Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes), two Gram-negative (Cronobacter sakazakii andS. Typhimurium) bacterial strains, and one fungus (Candida albicans). The study investigated the effect of combined treatments involving UV-C irradiation along with Nisin and carvacrol as antimicrobial agents on microbial growth, both at 4°C refrigerator temperature storage for two weeks, and on artificially inoculated chicken drumsticks with L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium. Total Aerobic Mesophilic, Yeast & Mold, and Enterobacter/Coliform populations were examined using plate counting on PCA, PDA, and VRBA media, for L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium. PALCAM, OXFORD, and Bismuth Sulphite Agar, respectively
  • Master Thesis
    Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Activities of Aronia Fruit Extract
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Tanağardı, Dilaranur; Baysal, Ayşe Handan; Sezgin, Efe
    Aronia melanocarpa contains high amounts of phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. Because of its high chemical content and significant antioxidant action, this food is known as a functional food, and its use is spreading worldwide. Within the scope of this thesis research, studies were carried out on Aronia melanocarpa dry extract and liquid extract. For these purposes, chromatographic and chemical profile were determined in detail by HPLC (High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Q-TOFF- MS (Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry), and significant bioactive were determined. Spectroscopic methods were used to characterize phenolic, anthocyanin, and flavonoid components. Aronia melanocarpa dry and liquid extracts were tested for antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS methods. The antioxidant potential of the Aronia melanocarpa dry and liquid extracts studied is high. To test the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects, cytotoxic studies were performed on the CaCo2 cell line. Cell migration was also studied in HUVEC and HaCat cell lines. The antimicrobial activity of Aronia melanocarpa dry extract and liquid extract was tested against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast species, and bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium. The extracts analyzed showed an antimicrobial effect on the tested bacteria at different concentrations. The results obtained in this study emphasize that the tested Aronia melanocarpa dry extract and liquid extract have antimicrobial properties. Chromatographic, chemical, and cytological data reveal that Aronia melanocarpa liquid and dry extracts can be used as antioxidative and antiproliferative products as food supplements in the health field.
  • Master Thesis
    Investigation of Probiotic Properties of Cold Brewed and Fermented Cold Coffee Beverage
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Semiz, Şevval; Baysal, Ayşe Handan
    The goal of the project was to produce a functional probiotic fermented cold brewed coffee that is perapered with medium roasted, grinded Colombian Arabica beans with patented probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii that can survive in human gastrointestinal conditions. With pasteurization of the product, safe fermentation environment and long shelf life was achieved. Coffee brew samples were prepared with different techniques to understand the effects of fermentation and glucose fortification to fermentation media on coffee chemistry, microbiota and sensory characteristic. One of the three coffee brews was only pasteurized (P), one of them fermented (F) and the other was fermented with glucose (FG). The cold brewing and fermentation were performed respectively at 22 °C and 30 °C for 24 hours. The brewed samples were pasteurized before fermentation at 65 °C for 30 minutes. Each sample was examined during their 120 days shelf life (at +4 °C). Although the probiotic yeast enabled fermentation in coffee, it did not survive after the first week. Pasteurization was successful, so pathogen growth was not detected in any of the samples during their shelf life. While FG was evaluated as undrinkable, the other samples gave positive results in terms of sensory. Caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and ethanol levels were significantly altered during shelf life. This is the first study in which chemical, microbiological and sensory analyzes of cold coffee that was brewed via cold immersion method, pasteurized and fermented with patented S. boulardii yeast during shelf-life were conducted, and will lead to new studies in this field.
  • Master Thesis
    Dynamics and Bioinformatis of Microbial Spoilage Ecology of Kefir
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Memon, Ayşe; Baysal, Ayşe Handan; Sezgin, Efe
    In this study, it was aimed to characterize the microbiological properties, bacterial composition, and microbial stability of 5 different commercial milk kefir beverage products during refrigerated storage. In order to determine the microbiological load and compositions, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeast and molds, lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacilli, Lactococci, total coliforms, and E.coli were investigated by cultural conventional analysis for milk kefir beverages. According to the obtained data, microbiological and hygienic characteristics of the samples were found acceptable. The bacterial load of the kefir beverage samples ranged between 7.086 and 8.794 log10 cfu.ml-1 for viable total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), 6.792 and 8.382 og10 cfu.ml-1 for lactic bacteria (LAB), <10 and 6.322 log10 cfu.ml-1for Lactobacillus, 5.857 and 8.146 log10 cfu.ml-1 Lactococcus, 5.176 and 7.218 log10 cfu.ml-1 for yeasts, negative for molds, coliform bacteria and negative for E. coli. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the compounds separated the kefir beverages according to the storage time and kefir brands. Strong relationship were found between storage time and PC1 and between kefir brands and PC2. To date, information on microbial properties, bacterial composition, and constancy of commercial kefir is scant, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first research to contribute information on kefir beverages in microbial properties, bacterial composition, and their stability during refrigerated storage by evaluating Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra analysis and Bioinformatics besides cultural conventional analysis.
  • Master Thesis
    Environmental Factors Influencing Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Inactivation
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020) Üreğen, Mert; Baysal, Ayşe Handan; Özçivici, Engin
    Objective of this study was to evaluate effect of UV-C radiation (0, 1.16 and 3.21 kJ/cm2), pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed essential oil (PGEO) and lemon (Citrus lemonum) plant essential oil (CLEO) on decontamination of Candida albicans, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli O157:H7 biofilms formed at +4°C and 20°C on polystyrene, stainless steel and glass surfaces. After 16, 32 and 64 sec UV-C treatment 0.24 log CFU/cm2, 1.61 log CFU/cm2, 1.59 log CFU/cm2 reductions were achieved in the numbers of C. albicans biofilms formed at 20°C on polystyrene. In the numbers of S. aureus biofilms formed at 20°C on polystyrene 0.99 log CFU/cm2, 1.9 log CFU/cm2, 3.91 log CFU/cm2 reductions were obtained after 16, 32 and 64 sec UV-C treatments, respectively. In general C. albicans biofilm formed at 20°C on stainless steel was found as the most UV-C resistant biofilm. CLEO inhibited the growth of C. albicans, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus at MIC values of 186 µg/ml, 103.5 µg/ml and 103.5 µg/ml, respectively. The results of the study showed that UV-C radiation and CLEO can be used as an anti-biofilm agent to control or to prevent biofilm formation of foodborne bacterial pathogens. It was suggested that UV-C radiation and CLEO treatments have potential as a biofilm control interventions for the food industry.
  • Master Thesis
    Developing Probiotic Lozenges To Improve Oral Health
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Elvan, Menşure; Harsa, Hayriye Şebnem; Baysal, Ayşe Handan
    Recently, there is a great need to overcome complaints about oral health from children, mental and physically handicapped people who are inadequate in oral hygiene and after chemotherapy of cancer patients. With reduced body resistance, opportunistic Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in the mouth become dominant, causing disruption of oral health. Therefore, the effect of lactic acid bacteria on pathogens was investigated in order to protect oral health with the thesis study. Lactobacillus pentosus NRRL-B 227 was determined among the probiotic bacteria tested for this purpose and its activity on the pathogen Streptoccocus mutans ATCC 25175 and Candida albicans DSMZ 5817 was found in broth microdilution, agar overlay and planktonic culture assays except disc diffusion test. To reduce the number of pathogens in oral microflora, lozenges containing L. pentosus were developed. Three different lozenges with encapsulated and free bacteria and control lozenge were produced, kept at different temperatures; 4⁰C and 25⁰C. No significant decrease in viability of the encapsulated probiotic strain after lozenge production and storage at 4°C was observed, the probiotic amount in the lozenge initially counted as 7.84 log CFU/g, while 7.73 log CFU/g at the end of 3 months shelf life. However, lozenges stored at 25⁰C probiotics lost their vitality after one month. Additionally, lozenges containing free bacteria have lost viability rapidly. Color and water activity were observed differently in the formulations (p <0.05). The formulations maintained their microbiological safety during storage. Lozenge with L. pentosus NRRL-B 227 has a significant potential for improving oral health and provides an alternative to the diversification of products containing probiotics.