Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

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Author: search.filters.author.Şengün, DuyguSubject: search.filters.subject.Phenolic compounds

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  • Master Thesis
    Extraction of Phenolic Compounds From Hazelnut Shell Waste
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Şengün, Duygu; Yüksel Özşen, Aslı; Yüksel Özşen, Aslı; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    The main objective of this study is to obtain phenolic compounds from hazelnut shell waste by extraction and to add value to hazelnut shell wastes. Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction and combined extraction (soxhlet followed by ultrasonic extraction) methods were used for the extraction of hazelnut shell to obtain phenolic and antioxidant compounds. The effect of extracting solvent (ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, acetone and chloroform), extraction time (8h, 2 cycle and 3 cycle) (1 cycle = 20 min for hexane, 25 min for chloroform, 40 min for ethanol, 45 min for methanol and 35 min for acetone), solid-liquid ratio (4, 8 and 12 g / 250 ml) and size of hazelnut shell (1 mm and 2 mm) were investigated on the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Gas Chromatography equipped with a Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the analysis of liquid products obtained from the extraction of hazelnut shell. Palmitic acid and oleic acid variations were detected at high ratios. The combined extraction method, which was composed of soxhlet and ultrasonic extractions, resulted in a significant increase in the yield of extraction. Also, higher yield was obtained from methanol and ethanol extraction because of the higher polarity of the solvents. On the other hand, it was observed that there was no significant effect of the extraction time on the extraction yield. The highest phenolic content was 0.166 mg gallic acid equivalent/ml and this value was obtained with methanol by combined extraction using 4 g hazelnut shell and 250 ml solvent.