Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis A case study of the processes of counterurbanization and rural gentrification: Kuşçular neighborhood, Urla(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Avar, Adile; Avar, Adile; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyBu makale, aynı anda iki olgunun, karşı-kentleşme ve kırsal soylulaştırmanın etkisiyle kırsal özellikler gösteren bir mahalle olan Kuşçular mahallesinin geçirdiği değişimleri incelemektedir. Kırsallığın tanımı ve özellikleri, sosyal, ekonomik, çevresel ve mekansal yapılarındaki dönüşümlerle birlikte değişmiş ve değişmeye devam etmektedir. 'Kırsal' tanımının gelişmesi ve genişlemesiyle birlikte kentsel-kırsal ayrımı bulanıklaşmaktadır. Kırsal alanlardaki tarım, üretken bir tarım toplumundan tüketici bir topluma doğru kayarak konut ve hizmetlerle yer değiştirmektedir. Yerel tarım işçileri, ortaya çıkan pazar talepleri tarafından yerlerinden edilmekte ve bu onları başka ekonomik sektörlere yönelmeye zorlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, kırsal alanlar ekonomi, toplum, mekan ve çevrede değişimler yaşamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ve hava fotoğrafları ve mevcut istatistikler gibi ikincil veriler kullanılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Kuşçular mahallesinde karşı-kentleşme ve kırsal soylulaştırmanın bir sonucu olarak sosyal, ekonomik ve mekansal alanlardaki değişimler değerlendirilmiş ve sonuçları tartışılmıştır. Bu sonuçlara katkıda bulunan mekansal değişimler ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu iki olgunun en önemli sonuçlarından bazılarının toplumsal ayrışma, yerinden edilme ve mülksüzleşme olduğu görülmektedir.Master Thesis Nature's Neoliberalisation and Re-Regulation Processes: the Case of Hepps in Tunceli, Turkey(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Gümüş Kurt, Miray; Avar, Adile; Avar, Adile; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologySpatial sprawling of the capital especially in the post-2002 process in Turkey increased with transportation, extraction and energy investments, by the regulatory role of state. Especially for energy investments as the one of enterprise of capital that progressed by neoliberal policies, the state intervention which is one of the state’s roles that is capital-oriented in Turkey is re-regulation processes. In the historical background of HEPPs in Turkey; Munzur Valley, it is one of the place where the capital performs itself on the nature. Munzur Valley is the nature (the nature that self-sanctity of the local people with the historical value) that spatial fix of capital by HEPPs, and it is the place where capital will realize itself. In this process which the state has undertaken a regulatory role in the areas where capital performs its activities by controlling the environmental reactions and resolving the capital-local conflict. In such capital investment processes, the state is behalf of capital to create and expand investment areas as a policy and law-maker. In order to guarantee its own continuity, the state has taken on the task of intervening by making legal regulations in case of conflicts between investors and local people, while the capital is in the stage of having a form. The ecological fixes that Noel Castree mentions, was observed in the case of Munzur Valley National Park which the sacredness and historical value of the local people in this study area.Master Thesis Commodification of Nature and Accumulation by Dispossession in Karaburun Peninsula(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Özcan Cive, Yağmur; Avar, Adile; Avar, Adile; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyBiophysical areas and resources have been privatized, and subjected to market in response to requirements of the capital accumulation with the view of overcoming the crisis of capitalism in the 1970s. Natural areas previously untouched or used for local production have become “spatial fixes”, to which global capital switched, through state regulations. In other words, there has been an increasing intervention into natural areas, and occurred an intense form of commodification of nature. Privatization, commodification and marketization of these areas lead to environmental degrading. Besides, enclosure of these areas to prevent access of local people to use these natural sources causes them not to able to keep on their livelihood activities. Local people who have been taken away from their common lands or private properties by being deprived of use or ownership are becoming increasingly impoverished and dispossessed. Neoliberal practices after 2000 in the Karaburun Peninsula are striking examples of commodification of nature and accumulation by dispossession. This study examines neoliberal regulations, policies and practices, the overlap between the natural areas and investments, and ownership of these areas in Karaburun Peninsula. As a result, it is seen that the pasture areas used by the villagers to earn their living have been narrowed; their properties have been expropriated and then allocated for wind power generation and industrial olive cultivation. Moreover, the increase of mining investments, fish farms and secondary dwellings on state lands, agricultural lands, pastures and coastal areas have led to privatization of natural areas and restriction of local access.Master Thesis Housing Production in the Last Thirty Years and Housing Question of the Poor in Izmir(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Uysal, Ayça; Avar, Adile; Avar, Adile; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyIn this thesis, housing production in the last thirty years and housing question of the poor in İzmir is examined. The case study focuses on the squatter housing area in İkinci İnönü Neighborhood that has been suppressed by the luxury housing development and was declared as the urban transformation area under the Redevelopment of Areas Under Disaster Risk Law (no. 6306) by Narlıdere Municipality in 2013. The squatter housing development in İzmir started as the solution by the poor for the housing problem. Particularly in the last ten years, the urban transformation projects that aim to renew and transform the squatter housing areas resulted in exclusion through dispossession of the poor. The research problem is whether the poor can enter into the housing market; how and in what ways they articulate to the system; and what waits for them after the urban renewal project that would be carried out in the area. Accordingly, a field research was conducted. It was a methodologically pluralist work covering field survey, visual documentation, in-depth interviews with squatter housing inhabitants, the mukhtar and municipal authorities, focus group interviews, household questionnaires and interviews, and institutional data collection. The findings of the research indicate that the urban transformation project carried out in the squatter housing area will result in the exclusion and displacement of the poor. The project addresses to higher income groups, is market-oriented, and insensitive to the economic, social and cultural characteristics of the inhabitants of the area. The project will be carried out by the 50% shareholding partnership of Narlıdere Municipality and a private company. Although the urban transformation project has been submitted to the approval of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, there is no agreement that specifies the title deed right of the residents.Master Thesis Deindustrialisation and Neoliberal Urbanisation: the Rear Port of Izmir, Alsancak(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Esen, Gizem; Avar, Adile; Avar, Adile; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThis study draws on an inquiry into the transformation of an abandoned old industrial site in the rear port of İzmir Alsancak, Turkey. This area is a critical example regarding that it has been undergoing neoliberal urbanisation consisting of deindustrialisation, urban entrepreneurialism and gentrification. The deindustrialisation practices and the rising of neoliberal policies, the rear port of İzmir Alsancak have gained an exceptionally increased value and potential for urban entrepreneurial practices. This area has been undergoing a radical transformation by the way of incremental speculative redevelopment projects. Huge complexes of luxury housing, commerce and tourism have been rising on the large and single owned parcels. Planning is included in this process as a tool by the central government and local government at different scales of development plans. Frequently changing regulations and transferring rights through privatization programs on behalf of speculative projects of private entrepreneurs have to lead to redevelopment and gentrification of old industrial sites. Firstly, the relationship between urban space and capitalism as a mode of production is going to be mentioned. Secondly, the changes in the regime of capital accumulation and the rising of neoliberalism are going to be summarized. Moreover, the relationship between neoliberalism and urban entrepreneurialism, speculative urbanisation and gentrification will be stated. Thirdly, Turkey’s neoliberal urbanisation and deindustrialisation process will be examined. Finally, in light of all these concepts, the transformation process of the rear port of İzmir Alsancak is examined and criticized.Master Thesis Uneven Development and Declining Inner City Residential Areas: the Case of Izmir-Tuzcu District(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2005) İnce Kompil, Esin; Avar, Adile; Avar, Adile; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyIzmir, being the third largest city of Turkey has experienced rapid urbanization after 1950s and especially after 1980s. Similar to the other metropolitan cities of Turkey, İzmir presents a dual structure including the growing and declining parts of the city. Within the conceptual framework of uneven development, the thesis examines the decline process of inner residential areas of İzmir in the case of Tuzcu District (a central district) by presenting current structure of the district and comparing with the past. The theory of uneven development is one of the foremost approaches to explain the recent changes and the transformations occurring in cities within the Marxist paradigm. Capital accumulation processes and class relations have an essential role in the process of uneven development of cities. The city or built environment itself is commodified by the capital since the capital moves through the built environment itself in search of returns across an uneven and changing ground-rent surface. In the capitalist system, the main purpose of the capitalists is to gain profit by investing property in the city, where it provides the maximum returns. So with the effects of movement of capital within the built environment, some parts of the city develop while the other parts decline. This unevenness is very common for all capitalist cities in the developed countries. As a part of the dual structure of cities, the phenomenon of urban decline is discussed widely in developed countries. On the other hand, the phenomenon of urban decline is relatively new for Turkey as well as in other developing countries compared to the developed countries. In Turkey, the process of urbanization of capital had begun particularly at 1980s and this continuing period has more striking patterns of uneven development in urban areas on account of the increasing hegemony of capital on urbanization process. It is certain that the capital had inevitably been one of the main diagnostic elements of initial urbanization process in Turkey. In this framework, the phenomenon of inner city residential decline is examined using the concept of deprivation as a methodological tool. The deprivation level of Tuzcu District is measured in terms of both material and social aspects. Finally, general features of Tuzcu District as a declining area have presented comparing with the developed countries in terms of poverty, unemployment, segregation, decline of physical environment, disinvestments and economic decline, decline of public education, and health.