Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Examination of Deterioration Problems of Andesite Used in Aigai Agora(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2009) Mürtezaoğlu, Fulya; Böke, HasanThe archaeological sites should be conserved as being the documents of ancient civilizations as a part of the built cultural heritage. In this study, the deterioration problems of stone used in the construction of the agora building in the archaeological site of Aigai (Manisa/Turkey) was investigated for the aim of its conservation. For this purpose, the building was documented by photographs and drawings. The stone deteriorations were documented on the drawings and samples were collected from the deteriorated and sound parts of stones. Basic physical properties, mineralogical, chemical and microstructural characteristics of the stone samples were determined to define the causes of deteriorations. X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, polarized microscope, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyzer were used in the analysis. The stone used in the building is andesite which is mainly composed of andesine, albite high, anorthite, kyanite, labradorite, muscovite, microline, mullite, orthoclase, orthoferrosilite, quartz, sanidine and tridymite minerals. The density and porosity values of sound andesite are 2.4 g/cm3 and 8 % by volume respectively. On the weathered parts of the stone, the porosity increases with degree of weathering. The depth of the weathered zone from the surface to the inner parts which was determined by SEM analysis is about 1.7 cm. On the weathered parts of stone, clay minerals and iron oxides were determined as weathering products of andesite. The existence of clays on the exterior and the interior parts of the andesite accelerates weathering by their swelling.shrinkage properties and provide suitable conditions for the biological growth. Main weathering forms observed on the stone surfaces are detachment, deposits and loss of stone materials. The progress of weathering forms depends mainly on the difference in temperature and humidity between night and day at the site. Condensation and frost occurs mostly in winter months with increasing relative humidity and decreasing temperature. Humid and rainy conditions of winter months promote the weathering of the stone.Master Thesis Classification and Visual Analysis of Weathering Forms of Stone in Kadıkalesi, Kuşadası(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2005) Talu, Işıl; Böke, Hasan; Böke, HasanIdentification of the state of deterioration at stone monuments is one of the main steps, which should be carried out for planning of conservation studies.In recent years, most of the study concerning the classification and mapping of weathering forms observed at stone monuments have been carried out either by detailed classification or sketchy methods.Due to the large area of the archaeological site, identification of the weathering forms of stones and their progress should be done in easy and rapid way to decide urgent interventions. This study was aimed to propose a visual presentation technique for classification and mapping of weathering forms of stones that it could be applied easily in archeological sites. For this aim, a method has been developed in the archeological site of Kadıkalesi (Anaia). The method was derived from detailed and sketchy classification methods. Both methods were united in order to form an intermediary scale for the visual classification and mapping forms observed at stone monuments.The proposed method for classification and mapping of weathering forms of stone in this study would be suitable for archeological sites. The most frequently observed weathering form in Kadikalesi is biological colonization, which is major cause of the loss of stone blocks and fissures. The deposition of the soluble salts, which could be originated from soil and marine aerosols and clay minerals, which ensures suitable conditions for the biological growth, are the other major causes of the stone, brick and mortar deterioration. This study indicated that during and after excavation in an archeological site, deposited soil and soluble salts on the stone surfaces should be cleaned to prevent rapid deterioration. Repairing or sealing cracks, cavities of stones, hand pulling wild grass will also prevent rapid deterioration of stones by the formation of higher plants.