Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
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Master Thesis Filament Sarma Teknolojisine Dayalı Grafen Takviyeli Yüksek Basınçlı Kompozit Kapların Geliştirilmesi ve Üretimi(2025) Ulaşlı, Muhammed Erdal; Tanoğlu, MetinBu çalışmada, hidrojen gibi yüksek basınçlı gazların güvenli bir şekilde depolanması için karbon fiber takviyeli kompozit basınç kapları (COPV'ler) üretilmiş ve karakterize edilmiştir. Amaç, epoksi reçine matrisine grafen nanoplakacıkları dahil ederek COPV'nin mekanik özelliklerini iyileştirmektir. Ağırlıkça %1, %2 ve %3 grafen içeren epoksi/grafen karışımları, asetonsuz ve aseton dispersiyon yöntemleri kullanılarak, bir sonikatör ve ultrasonik prob ile homojenlik sağlanarak hazırlandı. Bu karışımlardan kompozit laminantlar üretildi ve çekme, basma, ILSS ve DMA özellikleri açısından test edildi. Mikro yapısal değerlendirme için SEM analizi de yapıldı. Sonuçlar, aseton yöntemi kullanılarak ağırlıkça %2 grafen içeren epoksi karışımlarının en iyi mekanik performansı gösterdiğini gösterdi. Bu optimize edilmiş reçineler kullanılarak, filament sarma yöntemi ile Tip IV COPV'ler üretildi. Dört tank (iki adet 3 litre ve iki adet 8 litre) üretilmiş ve gerilim-gerinim davranışını kaydeden gerinim ölçerler kullanılarak patlama testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. 3 litre grafensiz tanklar 1050 ve 1250 bar'da patlarken, 8 litre grafensiz tank 1375 bar'da patlamıştır. Grafenle güçlendirilmiş 8 litre tank 1350 bar'a kadar patlamadan dayanmıştır; ancak arıza boss bağlantısında meydana gelmiştir. Bu bulgular, grafen takviyesinin reçine ve kompozit mekanik özelliklerini etkili bir şekilde geliştirerek COPV patlama direncini artırdığını göstermektedir. Boss tasarımı nihai basınç direncini sınırlasa da grafenin dahil edilmesi kompozit katmanların yapısal performansını önemli ölçüde iyileştirerek yüksek basınçlı hidrojen depolama uygulamaları için umut verici bir yaklaşım haline getirmiştir.Master Thesis Hidrojen Depolama için Grafen Nanoplateletler ile Güçlendirilmiş Yüksek Basınçlı Tip-IV Kompozit Basınçlı Kapların Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi Kullanılarak Tasarımı, Simülasyonu ve Optimizasyonu(2025) Özcan, Onur; Tanoğlu, MetinFosil yakıtların sınırlı kaynak olması ve kullanımlarından kaynaklanan çevresel kirlilik, hidrojen gibi temiz enerji kaynaklarının araştırılmasını hızlandırmıştır. Hidrojeni verimli bir yakıt olarak kullanabilmek için, hafif ve yüksek basınçlı depolama tankları gereklidir. Tip-IV kompozit sarılı basınçlı kaplar (COPV) bu alanda öne çıkmaktadır; bu tasarım metal içermediği için yüksek dayanım/ağırlık oranına sahiptir. Bu tez çalışmasında, Tip-IV COPV'lerin yüksek basınçta hidrojen depolama için tasarımı hedeflenmiş ve kompozit matrisine farklı oranlarda grafen nanoplatelet (GnP) takviyesi yapılmış ve etkileri araştırılmıştır. Kompozit numuneler filament sarma yöntemiyle üretilmiş ve mekanik özellikleri çekme, basma, V-çentik kayma ve ara yüzey kayma (ILSS) testleri ile incelenmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar, %2 ağırlıkça GnP katkısının epoksiye göre çekme dayanımını yaklaşık %9 ve elastik modülü %15 oranında artırdığını göstermiştir. Elde edilen malzeme özellikleri doğrultusunda, netting teorisi, Clairaut denklemi gibi analitik hesaplamalar ile belirlenen katman sayıları kullanılarak ANSYS ortamında 3B sonlu elemanlar modeli oluşturulmuştur. Hoop/helisel oranları senaryoları simüle edilerek, teorik hesapları da onaylayacak şekilde en uygun katman düzeni belirlenmiştir.Master Thesis Investigation of the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Barium Glass and Zirconia Nanoparticle Filled Resin-Based Dental Composites(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Çerci, Nazife; Tanoğlu, MetinGeleneksel olarak diş dolgularında kullanılan amalgamlar, büyük ölçüde içerdikleri cıva nedeniyle bir dizi ciddi sağlık sorununa neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca dişin rengine uymayan amalgam dolgular estetiği de olumsuz etkilemektedir. Öte yandan, diş rengiyle uyumu, yüksek mekanik özellikleri, yüksek radyopasitesi, düşük polimerizasyon büzülmesi ve uygulama kolaylığı nedeniyle iyi bir estetik görünüme sahip olan reçine bazlı dental kompozitlerin geliştirilmesi, diş hekimliğinde amalgam dolgulara tercih edilen alternatif haline gelmiştir. Bu tezde, farklı konsantrasyonlardaki (ağ.%) zirkonya ve baryum cam nanopartiküllerinin reçine esaslı kompozitin mekanik ve fiziksel özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Kompozitlerin toplam dolgu maddesi konsantrasyonu ağ.% 65'tir. Kompozitler, sırasıyla ağ.% 40, ağ.% 30 ve ağ.%30 Bis-GMA, UDMA ve TEGDMA içeren bir monomer karışımında ağ.% 20 ve ağ.% 30 yüzey modifiye baryum camı, ağ.% 1 ve ağ.% 2 yüzey modifiye zirkonya nanopartiküllerinin dağıtılmasıyla hazırlanmıştır. Reçine esaslı kompozitlerin mekanik özellikleri; eğilme mukavemeti ve basınç mukavemeti, kürlenme derinliği, polimerizasyon büzülmesi ve su sorpsiyonu ve çözünürlüğü incelenmiştir. Kompozitlerin kırılma yüzeyi taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Üç nokta eğme ve sıkıştırma testi sonuçları, baryum camı ve zirkonya nanopartiküllerinin kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerini belirgin şekilde geliştirdiğini göstermiştir. ağ.% 30 baryum camı ve ağ.% 1 zirkonya içeren Ba30Z1 numunesi, referans numuneye göre %37'lik bir artışla 79,09 ± 3,32 MPa ile en yüksek eğilme dayanımına ulaşmıştır. ağ.% 20 baryum camı ve ağ.% 2 zirkonya içeren Ba20Z2 numunesi, referans numuneye göre %41'lik bir artışla 250,05 ± 8,01 MPa ile en yüksek basınç dayanımına ulaşmıştır.Master Thesis Improving Mechanical Properties of Adhesive Joints in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites by Incorporation of Graphene Added Electrospun Polymeric Nanofibers(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Yeke, Melisa; Tanoğlu, MetinSince composites joined with mechanical fasteners cause severe delamination damage, stress concentration in the joint area, and weight increase, joining composite materials with innovative methods have recently gained more importance. These joining methods prevent delamination damage, provide a uniform distribution of stress, and do not cause considerable weight increases. However, modifying the surface of composite parts joined by innovative methods is critical. In this study, the bonding surface was modified by coating carbon/epoxy prepregs with electrospun nanofibers with 10% wt/v ratio of PA 66 and 1%, 2% and 3% wt/v ratio of rGO added. Composite parts were joined in the hot press by the secondary bonding method using 3 plies of FM 300K film adhesive. The morphological structure of nanofibers and the dispersion of rGO were analyzed by SEM. The thermal properties of nanofibers were analyzed by DSC. The contact angle measurement device was used to determine the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the unmodified prepreg and nanofiber-modified prepreg surface. The most hydrophilic surface was observed on the nanofiber-coated surface with 2% rGO added. Single Lap Joints (SLJ), and Charpy Impact tests were performed to examine the mechanical properties of modified and unmodified composite plates. According to the SLJ and Charpy Impact results, an improvement of 17.89% and 30.59% was observed in carbon/epoxy composite plates whose surface was modified with 2% rGO, respectively.Master Thesis Investigating the Filament Wound Hybrid Cylindrical Structures With Enhanced Thermal Properties by Numerical Analysis(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Özkan, Mert; Tanoğlu, MetinThe filament winding method is a composite production technique found at the beginning of the 20th century. The technique has been used in different fields since the day it was introduced in literature. Today, with the developments in the continuous fiber structure used in this technique and the development of carbon technology, filament-wound composites are widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and defense industries. In this study, the finite element method was used to model filament-wound composite cylinders. It was wanted to observe the matrix effect of the composite structure numerically and criticize experimentally produced composites. Even though the current studies work on a hybridized composite structure with respect to the fiber, this study tried to find the hybridized matrix effect by numerical analysis. For this purpose, in this study, the finite element program ANSYS was used. In order to make realistic calculations with ANSYS, material data were observed from composite plates. Finite element models created with the obtained data were compared with the experimental results. The analysis results were observed with the help of the first-ply failure theory. In addition, since the pattern representations from the winding poles cannot be displayed in ANSYS, the pattern effect was ignored, and comparison were made with the assumption of a full layer at given angles. As a result of all this study, although there were differences between experimental and finite element methods' models in homogeneity and pattern, methods' comparisons gave consistent and close results.Master Thesis Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Composite Aerospace Structures Developed by Laser Surface Treatment(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Nuhoğlu, Kaan; Tanoğlu, MetinAmong the various joining techniques, adhesive bonding is a feasible alternative to mechanical fasteners to prevent incisions and discontinuity on aerospace structures. The performance of the bonded structures highly depends on the adhesion strength, which is directly related to the condition of the bonding surface. It is for this that laser surface treatment, a recently developing technique to improve bonding performance, has become suited for CFRP structures. Yet, predicting the failure strength and mechanism is vital for designing primary aircraft structures involving adhesively bonded composite structures. The scope of this paper consists of the validation and evaluation of adhesive bonding behavior in the case of joining between laser surface-treated CFRP structures, in particular, components of an aircraft wing box. To this end, both the experiment and numerical investigations of the secondary bonded coupons were examined. This study, in other words, includes experimentally revealing the bonding behavior through coupon and element-level mechanical test setups, as well as the simulation of those structures in the computer environment by performing FEA to predict the failure load and damage growth. In this regard, besides observing the effects of the laser surface treatment on the pure and mix-mode behaviors by means of the DCB, ENF, SLJ, and SSJ tests, identical specimens were numerically analyzed by utilizing macro-scale 2D and 3D models, employing the CZM technique. Meanwhile, a novel characterization study and the resulting TSL parameter identification method were achieved for an accurate numerical analysis. Eventually, in addition to the application methodology, the capabilities and appropriateness of the presented FEA method were discussed, comparing experimental and numerical results.Master Thesis Development and Experimental Characterization of Filament Wound Hybrid Cylindrical Structures With Enhanced Thermal Properties(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Özarslan, Dora; Tanoğlu, MetinComposite tube components have key roles in many industrial applications, such as pipelines, drive shafts, airplane fuselages, and offshore construction components. Filament winding technology has enabled precise tailoring and manufacturing processes, allowing for a variety of applications to be manufactured with advanced machinery. In this study, the aim was to enhance the thermal properties without any significant change in the mechanical properties. Therefore, the samples were manufactured as carbon fiber composite tubes with different resin layer configurations by utilizing filament winding technology. The fiber orientation was set to a 55° winding angle with a 5/3 pattern to wrap over a 58.8 mm diameter mandrel as a 5-layer stacking. Due to difficulties in manufacturing different stacked groups of phenolin resin layers, only two groups (one with a 5-layer carbon epoxy resin group and one with a 4-layer carbon epoxy resin with 1 outer layer of carbon phenolin resin group) were successfully manufactured and thus tested. For each group, with dimensions of ±62.7 mm outer diameter and ±1.95 mm thickness with an 800 mm length, two composite tubes were manufactured. Before the test procedures, the homogeneity and quality of the groups were analyzed. For the observation of properties, mechanical and thermal tests were conducted: Apparent hoop tensile, radial compression, 3-point bending, Flammability, Thermogravimetric analysis, Differential scanning calorimeter, Thermal conductivity. The tests were proceeded according to their standards. The results and failure behaviors demonstrate that, with the replacement of the outer layer with phenolin resin, no significant improvement or drawback was observed compared to its fully epoxy resin counterpart.Master Thesis Effects of Zirconia and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on the Mechanical Properties of the Resin-Based Dental Composites(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Tunca Taşkıran, Senagül; Tanoğlu, MetinThe majority of the population suffers from dental caries, one of the most common chronic diseases. Therefore, restoration of teeth is an urgent need. The materials used in restoration are composites prepared by adding inorganic components to the polymeric matrix. However, failure due to fractures and secondary caries is still the main problem. Therefore, studies are continuing to improve the mechanical properties and water sorption and solubility properties of the composite. In this study, effects of zirconia, which improves the mechanical properties, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, which are the components of the tooth, on the mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. According to the literature, amounts of additives were determined as 1 and 2 wt.% for zirconia and 3 and 5 wt.% for hydroxyapatite. Nine different composites were prepared by mixing with hand spatulation method and mortar mill. The flexural strength and modulus, compressive strength, depth of cure, water sorption and solubility properties of the composites were investigated. Samples were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Zirconia and HA particles significantly improved the flexural and compressive strength of the composites. The highest flexural strength was obtained in the sample containing 5 wt.% hydroxyapatite and 1 wt.% zirconia, with an increase of 58% compared to the control sample. The highest compressive strength was obtained in the sample containing 3 wt.% hydroxyapatite and 2 wt.% zirconia, with an increase of 22% compared to the control sample. Therefore, zirconia and HA nanoparticles have a synergistic effect.Master Thesis Development of Joining Techniques for Carbon Fiber Based Polymer Matrix Composites(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020) İplikçi, Hande; Tanoğlu, MetinIn recent years, adhesive bonding has been a promising joining technology for CFRP composites. An appropriate treatment of surfaces for adhesive bonding is one of the effective factors for obtaining a high-quality adhesion strength. However, the adhesion strength is decreased by contaminants, like release agents, as well as an excess of matrix in the top layer. The contact of the adhesive with the reinforcing element is critical. Therefore, it is necessary to make a pre-preparation process on the adherent surface. One of the surface treatments preferred due to the advantages it provides is laser processing. The joint area strength of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) composite can be enhanced with laser surface treatment. In this work, the carbon fiber/epoxy composites surface treatment by a nanosecond (1064nm wavelength) laser has been investigated. The polymer layer (epoxy matrix) on the CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) composite surface was selectively removed by laser treatment to expose carbon fibers. In order to remove the epoxy from the surface sufficiently, laser surface modification parameters were investigated and their effects were examined. These parameters are laser power, frequency, scanning speed and offset distance, respectively. Epoxy removal and fibers damage was analyzed by optical microscope and SEM (scanning electron microscope). Contact angle tests were carried out to analyzed wettability effect on the laser parameters. Lap shear, charpy impact and double cantilever beam (DCB) tests were performed to examine the effect of laser surface modification on mechanical performance.Master Thesis Improving Joining Performance of Composites by Electro-Spinning of Nano Fibers(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Esenoğlu, Gözde; Tanoğlu, MetinMechanical joints traditionally used in composite materials (screws, rivets, etc.) not only increase weight but also act as a stress collector, causing serious delamination problems. At the same time, the development of alternative joining techniques has become an important issue in the composite industry due to its sensitivity to corrosion, electromagnetic properties/radar absorption properties, labor cost and adverse effects on the manufacturing process. In this master's thesis, the effects on the mechanical properties of two different prepreg composites (UD and woven) coated with polyamide 66 (PA 66) nanofibers in the joint region were investigated. In addition, the fiber structures of the produced PA66 nanofibers were investigated. The produced nanofibers were directly coated on the bond zone layer (top surface) of the carbon prepregs. The reference and nanofiber doped prepregs were cured by the hot press method, and then they were combined with the secondary bonding method using FM300K film adhesive in the hot press. Tensile, compression, bending, shear, Charpy-impact and double cantilever beam (DCB) tests were performed on the produced samples. The effect of homogeneity and areal weight density (AWD) of PA66 nanofibers on mechanical performance was investigated. The morphology and post-test deformations of the nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties of PA66 nanofibers were investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. By comparing the SEM images and the lap shear test results, the most efficient parameters for the mechanical performance of the composites were determined. The results showed that PA66 nanofibers produced with a 10% wt solution ratio and 10 min coating time were the most efficient on composites. The addition of PA66 nanofibers to the junction region with the electro-spinning technique has been proven to increase the junction region performance of the materials and outputs have been obtained.