Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Catalytic Pyrolysis of Virgin and Waste Polyolefins(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Şeker, Erol; Yıldız, Günay; Şeker, Erol; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe fact that increasing plastic production and the mismanaged waste released to the environment put the ecosystem at risk. One of the most promising recycling methods developed within this framework has been pyrolysis. In this thesis, a model feedstock mi (No: 119N302). Thermal (batch and continuous) and catalytic pyrolysis (in-situ and ex-situ) techniques were applied to the polyolefins. Silica-alumina-based solid acid catalysts were produced with the simple sol-gel method to compete with commercial ZSM-5 (30) and ZSM-5 (50). Catalyst-to-plastic ratios between 1/100 and 1/1000 were used for in-situ, and 200 h-1 and 500 h-1 WHSVs were used for ex-situ mode. 57 wt.% pyrolysis oil was produced from the thermal pyrolysis of the virgin PO mixture in the batch system. In the ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis experiments by 500 h-1 WHSV and by ZSM-5, silica-alumina, and ZSM-5 supported silica-alumina, 36 wt.%, 56.6% wt.% and 45.2 wt.% liquid, and by 200 h-1 WHSV, 29.9 wt.%, 54.1 wt.%, and 57.9 wt.% pyrolysis oils were collected, respectively. The most successful test in terms of product composition was ES2 with 82.9% gasoline (8.8% BTEX), and 16.7% diesel-range hydrocarbons. The motivation was investigating whether it was suitable to produce liquid hydrocarbons, in the range of C5-C20, as a feedstock in the petrochemical industry. As a result, it has been proven that energy recovery was possible and sustainable by plastics recycling instead of using fossil fuels.Master Thesis Thermo-Catalytic Pyrolysis of Unrecycled Plastic Waste in a Lab-Scale Experimental Set-Up: Determination of Optimal Operating Conditions(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Çağlar, Başar; Yıldız, Günay; Çağlar, Başar; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology370 million tons of polymers are produced worldwide annually (with an annual growth of 4%), of which ca. 16% are produced in the European Union (EU). By 2030, it is estimated that over 600 million tons of plastics will be produced. Plastic waste is a problem and will be severe day by day for the environment. This problem can easily switch to advantage by a carbon-neutral process: pyrolysis. This study analyzed and compared reported literature data with the experimental findings obtained in a continuously operated bench-scale pyrolysis reactor. The optimal conditions of the feedstocks' N2 flow rate, feed intake, and mixing ratio for maximizing liquid production were estimated for pyrolysis by Taguchi’s orthogonal array design. Optimized process parameters were used for the pyrolysis of fresh and waste counterparts of HDPE, LDPE, PP, and a defined mixture of those (25:25:50 wt.%) at 450°C. The tail gases of mixed fresh and waste POs were also examined for energy autonomy of pyrolysis. Fresh plastics yielded more liquid compared to waste plastics. Blending polyethylenes with PP improved the conversion efficiency and favored the formation of gasoline-range hydrocarbons while limiting the wax formation. The total energy potential of produced NCGs, mainly composed of C3 hydrocarbons, was found to be sufficient; the energy demand for endothermic bond breaking during pyrolysis was met in a range of 139 to 464% for various plastic types tested.