Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Development of Pectin-Wax Composite Edible Films With High Moisture Barrier Properties(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Yemenicioğlu, Ahmet; Yemenicioğlu, Ahmet; Yemenicioğlu, Ahmet; 03.08. Department of Food Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyBu tez çalışmasında literatürde ilk kez turunçgil pektininin aynı anda hem su buharı geçirgenliği (WVP) düşük, hem de antimikrobiyel etki gösteren çift fonksiyonlu filmlerinin üretilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla ulaşmak için pektinin mumlarla sıcak homojenizasyon yöntemiyle emülsifikasyon yöntemi kullanılarak karvakrol içeren kompozit filmleri üretilmiştir. Pektinin %15 gliserol ve %40 balmumu içeren kompozit filmleri CaCl2'le çapraz bağlandıktan sonra elde edilen en düşük WVP değeri 1.58 g.mm/m2.gün.kPa olarak belirlenmiştir (kontrol pektin filme göre %54 daha düşük WVP). Buna karşın pektinin %15 gliserol ve %30 karnauba mumu kullanılarak elde edilmiş filmleri çapraz bağlama uygulanmadan 0.16 g.mm/m2.gün.kPa gibi çok düşük bir WVP değeri göstermiştir (kontrol pektin filme göre %95.4 daha düşük WVP). Elde edilen bu sonuç karnauba mumu gibi erime noktası yüksek (e.n.=82-86 oC) mum kullanımının erime noktası düşük (e.n.= 62-66 oC) bal mumu kullanımına göre WVP değerini daha etkili düşürdüğünü göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla antimikrobiyal film üretimi amacıyla karnauba mumu içeren pektin film kompozitleri içerisine %1, 2 veya 3 oranında karvakrol ilave edilmiştir. Elde edilen karvakrol içeren tüm filmler Escherichia coli ve Listeria innocua üzerinde esansiyel yağ konsantrasyonuyla orantılı olarak antimikrobiyal etki göstermiştir. Ancak, filmlerin WVP değerleri de ilave edilen esansiyel yağ konsantrasyonu arttıkça artmıştır. Bu nedenle tezde elde edilmiş olan en düşük WVP (1.47 g.mm/m2.gün.kPa) gösteren antimikrobiyal film %1 oranında karvakrol içeren olmuştur (kontrol pektin filme göre %57 daha düşük WVP). Filmlere karnauba mumu ilavesi ışık geçirgenliklerini azaltırken mekaniki özelliklerini de kısmen zayıflatmaktadır. Bu tez çalışması gıdalarda daha az nem kaybına neden olabilecek antimikrobiyel pektin temelli film üretiminin mümkün olduğunu göstermiştir.Master Thesis Production of Functional Packaging Materials by Use of Biopreservatives(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2005) Mecitoğlu Güçbilmez, Çiğdem; Yemenicioğlu, Ahmet; Yemenicioğlu, Ahmet; 03.08. Department of Food Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyIn this study, partially purified lyophilized lysozyme (LSZ) and lactoperoxidase (LPS) from chicken egg white and bovine whey were incorporated into zein and alginate films, respectively. The LSZ showed very low affinity to zein films. Thus, when zein films incorporated with 63-455 .g/cm2 (187-1318 U/ cm2) LSZ was exposed to release tests in distilled water, the enzyme released rapidly from the films with release rates of 9 to 29 U/cm2/min. The ethanol used in film making caused significant activation of the LSZ. Therefore, the released LSZ activity from zein films was mostly 130-300 % higher than the activity incorporated into films. On the other hand, the LPS incorporated into alginate films showed a very high affinity to these films and immobilized.The incorporation of 0.53 or 1.06 mg/cm2 proteins such as crude thermally processed chick-pea proteins (TP-CP) and sericine in combination with LSZ and LPS into zein or alginate films increased the antioxidant activity of edible films significantly.In zein films, the incorporation of antioxidant proteins reduced the total activity of LSZ released from the films between 50 % and 75 %, but increased the immobilized enzyme activity 3.5-15 fold. On the other hand, incorporation of antioxidant proteins into alginate films enhanced LPS activity slightly to moderately. The results of this study clearly showed the good potential of edible films and natural biopreservatives in active packaging.Master Thesis Development of Ph-Controlled Triggering Mechanisms for Controlled Release of Lysozyme(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Boyacı, Derya; Yemenicioğlu, Ahmet; Yemenicioğlu, Ahmet; 03.08. Department of Food Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyIn this study, zein and whey protein (WP) based films and their blends and composites have been prepared to obtain pH-controlled triggering mechanisms for controlled release of lysozyme. The total amount of lysozyme released from standard zein films was not considerably affected from changes in pH between 7.3 and 5.3 since this hydrophobic biopolymer lacked charged ionisable groups to bind lysozyme ionically. In contrast, incorporation of lentil protein isolate (LPI) into zein created a composite structure and caused binding of positively charged lysozyme (pI>9.0) on negatively charged groups of LPI (pI: 4.5-6) within the film matrix in release medium with pH between 5.3 and 7.3. The amount of bound lysozyme in zein-LPI composites increased linearly as LPI concentration increased between 1,5 and 4,5 mg/cm2 at pH 7.3. The release of bound enzyme could be triggered by reducing pH of release medium from 7.3 to 4.3, down below pI of LPI. On the other hand, films of WP (pI≈5.2) bind considerable amount of lysozyme due to their inherent net negative charges close to neutrality. The release of bind lysozyme could be trigged as pH of release medium reduced from 6.0 to 3.0, down below the pI of WP. The preparation of WP-oleic acid blend and WP-bees wax composites increased the film porosity and amounts of released lysozyme from films at pH 4.5 and 5.0, by 2-4 and 1.2-1.5 folds, respectively. The zein and WP based films containing 0.7 to 1.4 mg/cm2 lysozyme showed good antimicrobial activity against Listeria innocua. This work showed the potential of creating pH-controlled release systems during antimicrobial packaging of food.