Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

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COAR Access Rights: search.filters.coarAccessRights.open accessDepartment: search.filters.department.Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 36
  • Master Thesis
    Improvement of energy performance using modular green systems as a retrofitting strategy on building envelope
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Al Chaderchi, Balsam Munadhil; Sofuoğlu, Sai̇t Cemi̇l; Arsan, Zeynep Durmuş
    Yeni altyapının geliştirilmesi enerji tüketimini artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle doğa temelli çözümlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Modüler yeşil sistemlere (MYler) duyulan ilgi, mevcut binaları daha çevre dostu hale getirmesidir. Bu çalışma, binalarda enerji tüketimini en aza indirmek için bir iyileştireme yaklaşımı olarak prefabrik yeşil sistemler olan MY'leri araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. İlk olarak, farklı bitkiler, malzemeler ve boyutlarla cephe ve çatı alternatifleri tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma iki aşamalıdır: ilki, ürün seviyesi, yani sistemin enerji tüketimini ve CO2 ayak izini değerlendiren yaşam döngüsü analizidir. Plastik, geri dönüştürülmüş plastik, mantar ve fiberglas modül malzemeleri, hammade eldesi, üretim, taşıma ve bertaraf aşamaları için Granta Edupack kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Geri dönüştürülmüş plastik, yaşam süresi boyunca çevresel etkisi açısından en iyi malzeme olarak tespit edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada, geri dönüştürülmüş plastik, çatı için; RA1, RA2 ve RA3 ve cephe için FA1, FA2 ve FA3 iyileştirme alternatifleri ile uygulanmıştır. Enerji performans araştırması, mevcut bir bina olan IYTE Mimarlık Fakültesi, E Blok için DesignBuilder yazılımı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Yeşil çatı ve cephe modülleri ile % 4.46-6.52 ve % 7.44-11.72 ısıtma için enerji azaltımı sağlanmıştır. Alternatif RA2'nin tüm çatı alanına (ARA2) ve FA3'ün binanın güney duvarina (SFA3) uygulanmasıyla 2773 kWh ısıtma yükünden % 12.65, 7555 kWh soğutma yükünden % 1.60, genel itibarla aylık 471.58 kWh tasarruf sağlanabileceği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, MY'ler, daha düşük çevresel etki, bina bazında azaltılmış ısıtma enerji tüketimi ve şehir ölçeğinde azaltılmış soğutma enerjisi sağlama potansiyeli nedeniyle yenileme stratejileri için bir seçenek olabilir.
  • Master Thesis
    Kinetics of Silica Polymerization at Various Conditions
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Hasköylü Toker, Öykü Çağ; Demir, Mustafa Muammer; Baba, Alper
    Silica is the most abundant element on Earth because the Earth's crust is composed mainly of metal silicates. The source of this silica is mainly volcanic rocks, which come to the surface through tectonic activity and are the primary source of heat for geothermal activity. The silica concentration in a geothermal fluid is higher than the solubility limit of natural waters, so scaling of (metal) silicates is often observed in geothermal operations. This situation has become critical for geothermal power plants. Since silicates have an insulating structure, they lead to a reduction in energy efficiency during fluid transport. The formation of silica-rich deposits should be understood to minimize the negative effects of the scaling. Briefly, silicic acid molecules in the reservoir system are condensed, and the monomeric silicic acid molecules bind to each other via covalent bonds. In the course of this reaction, dimers, tetramers and short oligomers are formed, and eventually a large polymeric silica network is formed. In the presence of metals, both the kinetics of polymerization and the structure of the network are inevitably affected. In this study, the presence of kinetic parameters (different salts such as FeCl3, MgCl2, AlCl3 and NaCl), the reaction process, the rate and the activation energy of silica polymerization at different temperatures between 25 and 90 °C were investigated. The yellow silicomolybdate method was used to determine the concentration of monomeric silica. The order of the polymerization reaction was given as 3. The polymerization occurs in the initial phase, in the first 40 minutes, where the activation energy was about 29.52 ± 2.28 kJ/mol and the rate constant was of the order of 4x10-8 mol-2∙L2∙s-1. The results also confirmed that pH has a stronger effect on the kinetics of silica polymerization than temperature. The neutral solution decreases rapidly, while the acidic solution has an induction phase in the first hour of polymerization. Different temperatures did not affect the polymerization rate as much as pH. At 25°C the experiment showed the fastest polymerization, but at 90°C the low concentration changed from the beginning. During all these experiments, no scaling of amorphous silica was observed, only the polymerization of silica.
  • Master Thesis
    Screening Spirulina Stranins for Protein Productivity Based on Cultivation Under Photobioreactor Conditionsy
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Binkanat, Tahir Burak; Özkan, Altan; Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz
    Spirulina is an industrially produced algae for consumption as a nutritional supplement owing to its exceptionally high protein content. The delivery of the desired metabolite profiles highly depends on selecting the correct strains for growth. In this regard, the information in the literature is limited as the strains cultivated industrially are unknown, and the strains of academic research were mostly locally isolated or procured from local sources. The current study is the first step of research activities planned to assess the large-scale production potential of Spirulina in Izmir. Thus in this work, Spirulina platensis 2340, Spirulina maxima 84.79, Spirulina platensis 85.79, Spirulina platensis 86.79, and Spirulina platensis 29 were screened for biomass and protein productivity during cultivation under standardized process conditions of a bubble column photobioreactor. The final biomass concentrations were strain specific and ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 g/L. An inverse relationship existed between the logistic model-based final biomass concentrations and the production rate constants. Thus, the peak productivities were more evenly distributed and ranged between 0.15 to 0.20 g/L-day. SP 29 had the ideal protein content vs. cultivation time profile as it was consistently high and varied in the narrow range of 60 to 64%. Higher protein contents could be reached with the other strains, but they also had higher variations during the growth period. The final protein concentrations varied from 0.4 g/L to 1.4 g/L. The highest peak productivity obtained was about 0.11 g/L-day, which could be obtained by three of the strains. The results clearly show the importance of strain selection for sustaining protein-rich biomass production with Spirulina.
  • Master Thesis
    Inhalation Exposure To Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Izmir
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Edebali, Özge; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Sofuoğlu, Aysun
    Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are chemicals that are classified as hazardous air pollutants with carcinogenic and chronic-toxic effects on human health. People may be exposed to these chemicals indoors and outdoors via inhalation of indoor and outdoor air. Their production and use were banned worldwide with the Stockholm Convention. Since the Turkish government became an official signatory to the Stockholm Convention in year of 2010, the determination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in environmental compartments in Türkiye has gained importance. PCBs are still present in the environment because they are found in materials such as those used in heat transfer, electrical, and hydraulic systems manufactured before the ban due to their persistence to degradation in environment. Industrial processes have an important effect on their environmental concentrations due to unintentional emissions. Therefore, they are still present in air and investigations show that industrial and urban areas have higher levels. The aim of this study was to measure concentrations of PCB compounds in indoor-outdoor air samples collected at homes and schools, and to estimate exposure and associated carcinogenic health risks. Samples were collected at randomly selected sites in urban, semi-urban, and rural areas with polyurethane foam – passive samplers. Samples were analyzed by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after Soxhlet extraction. The estimated carcinogenic risks even at the 95th percentile were calculated below the acceptable risk level (10-6), indicating that the population carcinogenic risk associated with inhalation of gas-phase PCBs is not considerable. However, aggregate risks that could be estimated by addition of other plausible exposure pathways would drive the levels above the acceptable level.
  • Master Thesis
    Long Range Atmospheric Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants To Izmir
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Ayri, İlknur; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Sofuoğlu, Aysun
    In this study, passive samplers were placed in 10 provinces and an active sampler in Izmir in order to examine the long-range transport of POPs that are released into the environment due to the effects of the war in countries next to our southeast border. The ten cities were classified into three proximity groups: close, middle, and far. According to correlation analysis, central tendency statistics for various congeners showed an increasing trend with proximity to the war zone. However, support by hypothesis testing with Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA tests were limited: PBDE-183, Σ45PCB and dieldrin in winter, PBDE-28, PBDE-99, PBDE-154, p,p'-DDE, Σ14PBDE and Σ25OCP in the transition period, and PBDE-28, PBDE-99, PBDE-85, PBDE-154, PBDE-190, PCB-52, Σ45PCB, p,p'-DDE and Σ25OCP in the whole sampling period. Back-trajectory frequency analysis of passive sampling indicated that air masses were transported from the war zone to the close region, but it was limited for middle and far regions deeming support by back-trajectory analysis of active sampling not possible, which show that the main route of air masses were Europe, Russia, and the former Soviet Union countries, and North Africa. Concentrations measured by passive air sampling being relatively higher both in the close-group and far-group especially in winter than in the middle-group. The result of passive sampling indicates that the southwest border of Turkey was impacted by POPs which were transported from the war zone while the west of the country was impacted by those from areas in north and northeast.
  • Master Thesis
    Surface Water Quality Modeling for Best Management Practices - a Case Study From Bakırçay River Basin
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Kazancı, Yiğithan; Gündüz, Orhan; Kazancı, Yiğithan; Baba, Alper; Baba, Alper; Gündüz, Orhan
    This study was carried out to analyze the water quality in the Bakırçay River basin, which is known to be exposed to intense industrial and agricultural pollutant loads. A mathematical model system called AQUATOOL was used to reveal the changes that the effects of anthropogenic and natural events in the basin will cause on the conservative water quality parameters and nutrients. Model results are given in wet (April) and dry (September) periods for 4 points determined from upstream to downstream in the basin on a spatial basis, and temporal evaluation is also given for 1 upstream river water body, 1 downstream river water body, and 1 lake water body. Seven best management practices scenarios were determined and implemented one after the other in the model. Spatially, the results reveal good water status for both the dry period and the wet period at the upstream points, while at the downstream points, all parameters except BOD5 and Dissolved Oxygen are found to be in poor condition. Besides, similar situations arise in spatial-based results, and despite the scenarios, parameters could not reach good water status except for the lake waterbodies. The improvement in lake results occurs due to dilution, not scenarios. With this study, the pollution load in Bakırçay River Basin and the effects it creates once again revealed that if the anthropogenic loads are not reduced, the water quality of the basin will reach irreversible points for many years. It is thought that this study can constitute a source document for decision-makers, especially in terms of efficiency comparisons in the best management scenarios to be applied.
  • Master Thesis
    The Use of Vetiveria Zizanioides (l) Nash and Cyperus Alternifolius L. by Floating Wetland Treatment To Improve Water Quality
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Yücel, Arzu; Sofuoğlu, Aysun; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil
    The olive mill wastewater (OMW), arises during the production process of olive oil, is an important problem in all Mediterranean countries. OMW shows seasonality, and contain high organic pollutant. Eventhough various methods have been studied for the treatment, olive oil producers neither can afford the cost of these methods, nor it can provide the discharge standards. The capacity of phytoremediation of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash (vetiver) and Cyperus alternifolius L. (umbrella palm) species was evaulated in the treatment of OMW by floating treatment wetland (FTW) method. The 5 and 15% concentrations of OMW (OMW-5 and OMW-15) were remediated by these plants, and unplanted sets as triplicates for 67 days to determine their organic and nitrogen reduction. Therefore, total organic carbon (TOC), total phenol and total nitrogen (TN) in the OMW were measured. The amount of biomass at the beginning of the experiment were 2.5 and 4.0 kg OMW-5 and OMW-15 respectively. The highest biomass growth rate (149%) and total phenol accumulation in plant (439%) were observed in umbrella palm. The results showed that umbrella palm achieved 95%, 99%, 82% removal in TOC, total phenol, TN while these removals were 85%, 93%, 40% in vetiver planted OMW-5 tanks. Similarly, the removal in OMW-15 were comparable with 90, 97, 41 percentages with umbrella palm and 79, 92, and 21 percentages for vetiver respectively. As a result, it seems that umbrella palm and vetiver have potential in diluted OMW treatment by FTW for future.
  • Master Thesis
    Exposure and Risk Assessment for Arsenic in Simav Plain by Ingestion of Edible Crops
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) Terzi, Begüm; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Gündüz, Orhan
    Ingestion is the main route of exposure to arsenic. The pathways of concern are ingestion of drinking water and arsenic-accumulating plants. Simav plain has been shown to have the natural arsenic conamination of waters and soil. However, foodstuff was not made a subject of investigation. In this study, arsenic exposure via ingestion of edible plants cultivated in Simav plain was investigated based on the modeling of the measured soil concentrations and data collected from the literature, which were for bioconcentration factors, plant consumption rates, background arsenic concentrations in plants, plant root depths, and body weights. Eighteen plant species, which are bean, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, corn, cucumber, eggplant, garlic, lettuce, okra, onion, potato, radish, spinach, sunflower seed, tomato, and wheat were studied. Chronic-toxic and carcinogenic risks associated with the consumption contaminated foodstuff were assessed with two approaches: scenario based point estimates (deterministic approach) and population based estimates (probabilistic approach). Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine chronic-toxic and carcinogenic risks via ingestion of edible plants probabilistically. Wheat was found as the plant variety with the highest non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks which was followed by potato, tomato, cucumber, corn, cabbage, eggplant, and onion. Non-carcinogenic risk levels for broccoli, cauliflower, garlic, and radish were below the threshold level. However, their carcinogenic risk levels were considerable. The risk levels estimated in this study are exceptionally high, indicating consumption of the plants cultivated in Simav may pose significant chronic-toxic and carcinogenic health risks.
  • Master Thesis
    B and Se Transport Modeling in Saturated/Unsaturated Zones
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2002) Yüreklitürk, O. Emin; Tayfur, Gökmen
    There has been renewed interest in the application of models to the transport of non-point source pollutants. However, very little work has been done to evaluate the performance of a functional transient-state model for the transport of a reactive solute over an extensive study period. This research consists of mathematical modeling to simulate water flow, boron and selenium transport through soil in tile-drained croplands.For Boron part a mathematical model was developed to simulate non-conservative boron transport. The dynamic two-dimensional finite element model simulates water flow and boron transport in saturated-unsaturated soil system, including boron sorption and boron uptake by root-water extraction. Two different models have been employed for the sorption of boron. Similarly, for selenium part a finite element model is developed to simulate species of selenium transport in two dimensions in saturated/unsaturated zones. The model considers water, selenate, selenite and selenomethionine uptake by plants. It also considers oxidation/reduction, volatilization, and chemical and biological transformations of selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine. Comparison of boron transport model results with observed data is satisfactory. The model employed with Langmuir isotherm was found to give slightly better simulation results when compared with the model employed with Freundlich. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the irrigation scheduling and the irrigation water quality are very important parameters for boron accumulation in the soil. Also the adsorption isotherm parameters, which reflect us the soil properties, are found to be important for the boron movement in the soil. Comparison of selenium transport model with observed data is not quite satisfactory in accuracy when compared with the model for boron transport. This may be the result of the complexity of the mechanisms affecting the selenium transport in soil. There are too many parameters, and due to the errors depending on the parameters, the total error for the estimation of the total selenium increases.
  • Master Thesis
    The Investigation of Seawater Intrusion of Coastal Aquifer in Karareis (karaburun Peninsula)
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016) Mansour, Ahmed Y. S.; Baba, Alper; Gündüz, Orhan
    Seawater intrusion is a major problem to freshwater resources especially in coastal areas where fresh groundwater is surrounded and could easily be influenced by seawater. This study presents the development of conceptual and numerical model for the coastal aquifer of Karareis region in the western part of Turkey. The study also presents the interpretation and the analysis of the groundwater levels recorded by groundwater data loggers. Groundwater pumping from Karareis aquifer has increased significantly during the summer period to meet the agriculture and domestic water demands. Levels of groundwater were measured at nine locations in Karareis region; also water samples were collected and analyzed for some parameters. For this study SEAWAT code is used to solve the numerical model for the coupled density dependent flow system. The model was calibrated using the average of one-year dataset of collected groundwater levels. Model validation was handled using the average of groundwater levels measured over more one year. Five scenarios were tested to understand the effects of pumping and climate change on groundwater levels and seawater intrusion in the next ten years. The result of analysis demonstrated a high concentration of electrical conductivity and chloride along the coastal part of the study area. As a result of the numerical model, seawater intrusion will extent about 420 m towards the land in the next ten years of increased pumping scenario, while a little change in water level and TDS concentration was recognized in climate change scenario. Results also showed that reducing the pumping from Karareis wells will be necessary to protect the freshwater from contamination by seawater.