Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
  • Master Thesis
    Citation - Scopus: 21
    Multi-Objective Evolutionary Optimization of Photovoltaic Glass for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Consideration
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Taşer, Aybüke; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Kundakcı Koyunbaba, Başak
    As the industry has expanded and the population has increased recently, so have the World's energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Buildings are responsible for almost 40% of this consumption and emissions. They should be designed following energy-efficient and sustainable strategies. One of the most practical methods for increasing building energy efficiency and reducing environmental effects is building-integrated photovoltaic systems, which use solar energy to generate electricity on-site. This thesis explores the potential of photovoltaic glass technology in an architecture studio at the Izmir Institute of Technology Campus in Izmir, Turkey. The initial part of the study uses simulation modeling and field measurements in three scenarios to test the benefits of this technology in terms of thermal and lighting energy consumption and comfort levels. Scenarios included amorphous silicon thin-film modules in three transmittance values modeled in existing windows. Research findings propose that photovoltaic glasses have the potential to balance the room's lighting loads in a range between 15.1-and 20.3%. They improved occupant thermal and visual comfort by preventing overheating and glare risks. They also decreased cooling loads. Then, the study uses a genetic optimization algorithm to explore the optimum potential of the system in terms of annual energy consumption and daylight performance. Design variables are the window-to-wall ratio (i.e., window size and location) and amorphous-silicon thin-film solar cell transmittance to generate optimum Pareto-front solutions for the case building. Optimization objectives are minimizing annual thermal (i.e., heating and cooling) loads and maximizing Spatial Daylight Autonomy. Optimized results of Low-E semi-transparent amorphous-silicon photovoltaic modules applied on the window surface show that the Spatial Daylight Autonomy is increased to 82% with reduced glare risk and higher visual comfort for the occupants. Photovoltaic modules helped reduce the room's seasonal and annual lighting loads by up to 26.7%. Compared to non-optimized photovoltaic glass, they provide 23.2% more annual electrical energy.
  • Master Thesis
    Techno-Economic Optimization of Pv-Wind Hybrid Systems
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Demirdal, İlke; Çağlar, Başar
    In this study, the technoeconomic optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems were investigated for a small community with 50 households located in Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH) Campus, Izmir. The renewable-based power systems have received significant attentions recently due to the recent effort for the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy, but their technical and economical feasibilities for different sectors and application areas and the related optimum system configurations haven’t been clearly addressed. To fill this research gap, PV-battery and wind turbine-battery system were analyzed for a small community from technical and economic point of views and the most economic configurations were explored for different level of grid-dependency by using the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) method. The annual electricity load profile was built in hourly basis based on the monthly total electricity consumption of each house and electricity consumption habits of residents. PV and wind turbine power outputs, the involvement of batteries were modelled in MATLAB/Simulink considering the meteorological data (IZTECH Meteorological Mast and NASA POWER), types of PV panel, wind turbine and battery. The mismatch between energy demand and supply was determined and different hybrid configurations were considered to cover this mismatch to different extents. The optimum number of PV panel, wind turbine and batteries were determined and the levelized cost of electricity were calculated for each scenario. The most economic configuration is the one consisting of 3 wind turbines and 7 batteries with 49.62% energy utilization from the grid.
  • Master Thesis
    Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Design for Green Campus-Iztech
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Ramazan, Beste; Çağlar, Başar; Açıkkalp, Emin
    This study focuses on evaluating of standalone PV and Wind systems integrated with energy storage technologies to meet the electricity needs of the Izmir Institute of Technology campus in Izmir. University campuses with their high energy demand are one of the most important application areas for renewable energy systems and it’s critical to determine the types of renewable energy technologies, their size, and techno-economic feasibility for possible future implementation. Solar and wind energy were chosen as renewable energy sources based on the location and renewable energy potential of the IZTECH Campus. Two different energy storage systems are proposed to prevent any loss of power supply in standalone mode: (i) Lead-acid battery and (ii) Electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank, and hydrogen-powered generator. Models were developed using the dynamic library-based structure of the TRNSYS program. The hourly electrical load was generated based on monthly data taken from the electricity supplier and the power output of PV modules was calculated based on the fixed tilt angle based on real meteorological data for the campus location. The electricity demand and generation were analyzed hourly for one calendar year. The number of PV modules was determined to meet the annual electricity demand of the campus while the capacity and number of energy storage modules were determined based on the maximum accumulative energy deficiency in a year. The round-trip efficiencies and the depth of discharge for the battery and the hydrogen storage efficiency for the hydrogen-based storage option were considered in the analysis. Parameters were calculated for both systems and simulation analyzes were evaluated. An economic cost analysis was performed for each system. In addition, suggestions are made for possible system improvements.
  • Master Thesis
    Renewable natural gas production via Sabatier reaction
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Çamlık, Cansu; Şeker, Erol
    This study attempts to understand the effect of support basicity on Sabatier reaction and improve the performance of Ni based catalysts by introducing calcium which is known for its basicity. In accordance with this purpose, Ni-Al2O3-CaO catalysts were synthesized with modified sol-gel method. Effect of Ni loading, calcination temperature and calcium content were investigated. Al2O3-CaO supports were synthesized at three ratios as follows; 70-30 wt.%, 40-60 wt.%, 10-90 wt.% wherein Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was used as reference catalyst. Based on thermodynamic analysis, reaction was conducted at 400oC and 1 atm with inlet composition of CO2/H2=1/4 and total volumetric flow rate of 100 ml/min. Reference catalyst calcined at 700oC was found to be inactive at used reaction conditions due to the presence of inactive NiAl2O4 phase. Increasing Ni loading from 1 wt.% to 10 wt.% increased both CO2 conversion and methane selectivity. Over the catalysts calcined at the temperature of 900oC, maximum methane yield was obtained over 10Ni-70Al-30Ca-900 as 8%. The influence of Ni loading was more pronounced for catalysts calcined at 700oC. In 10Ni-70Al-30Ca-700 catalyst, NiO particles were smaller than 5 nm. Therefore, it is conceivable that the alumina-calcium mixed oxide support could disperse higher loadings of Ni, which could result in higher CO2 conversion. Ca modification was found to have a prominent impact on both methane selectivity and yield. With 10Ni-10Al-90Ca-700, being best performing catalyst, CO2 conversion obtained as 76% and methane yield was 60%. The promotion of catalytic performance might arise from intensifying the CO2 chemisorption supported by XRD and TGA results.
  • Master Thesis
    Gis-Based Determination of Suitable Areas With Multi-Criteria Approach for Solar Power Plants and Assessment of Land Decisions: the Case Study of İzmir
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Toprakcı, Nevin Selin; Demirkesen, Ali Can
    The need to energy has become an important reality for human life with the increase in living standards and population. İzmir has important renewable energy sources especially solar energy. Rapid urbanization and environmental problems due to internal migration after the 1960s have made renewable energy sources a priority because of the wrong implementations of urban policies in İzmir. In order to talk about energy potential, it is first necessary to talk about and analyze the land potential. It is necessary to determine the true criteria and methods for true analyzes of the suitable areas for efficiency and sustainability. The study presents a GIS-based approach to identify the most suitable area for Solar Power Plants (SPP) development in İzmir. The first suitability map includes 9 criteria. The last suitability map includes the first suitable map results and criteria of land capability class (10th criteria) using the same method. It can be said that the SPP installation is more suitable, especially the northern part of İzmir and districts of border. When the evaluation is compared, it can be said that İzmir has fertile lands and it should definitely be taken into account in energy projects. It also draws attention importance of land use decisions and legislation while choosing the suitable area from perspectives of planning. In addition, the current and potential solar energy area choices were evaluated together with the results which are produced for the study area in terms of land decisions and planning.
  • Master Thesis
    Experimental Analysis of Inkjet Printed Multi Metal Oxide Photoelectrodes for Water Splitting Applications
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020) Tekneci, Gülsüm Efsun; Karabudak, Engin; Adem, Umut
    Recently, scientific research studies focus on renewable energy solutions as well as energy efficiency in managing the upcoming climate crisis which manifests itself in the form of global warming. However, the chaotic nature of renewable energy sources caused energy storage technologies to gain importance. In addition to battery technologies consisting of lithium and post-lithium ion, zinc-air, nickel-zinc and lead-acid; artificial photosynthesis products such as hydrogen and methanol also show superiority in transportation. Especially hydrogen fuel is in the leading position with gravimetric energy density of approximately 140 MJ/kg. In this study, the experimental procedure is conducted and analyzed to produce cost-effective multi-metal oxide catalysts at high speed and efficiency with a combinatorial approach using inkjet printing technology to obtain hydrogen by splitting water. Considering the abundancies in nature, especially nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper and chromium salts were preferred to obtain oxide derivatives. Inkjet printing experiments were conducted with the printer provided by Sağlık İzleme Sistemleri A.Ş.. The precision of the printed layers was examined and compared with the literature values. In cases involving differences from the literature value, possible causes are emphasized and solutions are suggested. Problems in transition from single metal oxide printed layers to more complicated multi-metal oxide prints have been examined and solutions have been proposed. As a result, this experimental study is aimed to provide foresight for large-scale (photo)electrocatalyst production with the utilization of inkjet printing.
  • Master Thesis
    Effects of Grid Design on Lead-Acid Battery Performance
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) İşler, Tuğçe; Ebil, Özgenç; Top, Ayben
    In today’s world, approximately 88 percent of the total energy demand is supplied by fossil fuels; however, it has become clear that; other energy sources are needed due to limited fossil fuels. The demand for energy can most effectively be filled by renewable energy sources as installed energy storage capacity is growing rapidly. If renewable energy sources advance enough to fulfill the high demand, earth-friendly, clean and sustainable energy will help to protect the environment, thus ensuring a healthier life for future generations. Energy storage systems are essential in this endeavor, and in order to become more prevalent, storage systems for renewable energy sources must supply electricity without interruption as much as possible. As an electrochemical storage, a battery with a high level of performance, high energy density and life cycle could offer a viable solution for electricity storage provided that battery cost should be economically viable. This thesis aims to improve the geometry of the grid used in lead acid batteries in order to obtain a more uniform current and potential distribution, and minimize the potential drop for improved battery performance. A 3D mathematical model was developed using finite element method to evaluate the behavior of the grid under various conditions. Five different porous grid geometries were simulated under different loads and optimum grid geometry was identified. The 3D mathematical model of the lead-acid battery based on finite element method was simulated under certain conditions in order to evaluate the effect of grid geometry on battery performance.
  • Master Thesis
    Hybrid Energy Capacity of Turkey for Small and Micro Scale Energy Production
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) Yıldız, Mustafa; Bingöl, Ferhat; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden
    Turkish state has opened a new possibility on investing small or micro scale energy production without license in 2014. This is a new step in Turkish energy market and two renewable energy sources are considered to be the main interest; wind and solar. Although there are studies covering both technology separately, currently there is no hybrid system assessment methodology and results for the country. This thesis aims to create a quantified hybrid energy capacity of Turkey. The study will include total energy capacity of a given location based on small scale wind and solar and furthermore would be able to suggest an optimum balance between these two sources to get the maximum production capacity out. The study does not cover areas that such investment cannot be done; environmental protected areas, historical places, city centers etc.
  • Master Thesis
    Optimization of a Hybrid Combination of a Photovoltaic Syste and a Wind Energy Conversion System: Izmir Institute of Technology Campus Area Case
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Ekren, Orhan; Özerdem, Mehmet Barış
    Renewable energy resources have gained the great importance due to the growing concerns of environmental problems. The integrated utilization of renewable energies such assolar and wind are becoming very attractive, especially, in most of the isolated and remote areas in many parts of the world.In the present study, firstly, wind and solar radiation measurements, made on Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH) Campus area, have been analyzed in order to determine the, both, solar and wind energy potentials of the location. The monthly average wind speeds range from 5.7 m/s to 7.7 m/s, the monthly average of daily values of solar radiation range from 2.1 kWh/m2 to 5.7 kWh/m2 at the monitoring station throughout the measurement period of 12 months between 01.01.2002 and 31.12.2002.Secondly, a procedure is described which determines the hybrid system parameters such as photovoltaic (PV) array area and rotor swept area of wind turbine while satisfying a specific load distribution. The employed method is a graphical construction to figure out the optimum configuration of the generators that satisfies the energy demand mentioned above.