Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Trajectory Prediction of Moving Objects by Means of Neural Networks(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1997) Barışık, Hakan; Aytaç, İsmail Sıtkı; Aytaç, İsmail SıtkıEstimating the three-dimensional motion of an object from a sequence of object positions and orientation is of significant importance in variety of applications in control and robotics. For instance, autonomous navigation, manipulation, servo, tracking, planning and surveillance needs prediction of motion parameters. Although "motion estimation" is an old problem (the formulations date back to the beginning of the century), only recently scientists have provided with the tools from nonlinear system estimation theory to solve this problem eural Networks are the ones which have recently been used in many nonlinear dynamic system parameter estimation context. The approximating ability of the neural network is used to identifY the relation between system variables and parameters of a dynamic system. The position, velocity and acceleration of the object are estimated by several neural networks using the II most recent measurements of the object coordinates as input to the system Several neural network topologies with different configurations are introduced and utilized in the solution of the problem. Training schemes for each configuration are given in detail. Simulation results for prediction of motion having different characteristics via different architectures with alternative configurations are presented comparatively.Master Thesis Image Classifcation by Means of Pattern Recognition Techniques(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1997) Güzel, Cumhur; Püskülcü, HalisImage classification plays an important role in many computer vision tasks such as surface inspection, shape determination etc. Various 2-D image classification techniques are investigated, assessed and a computational method to classifY the 2-D X-ray images is developed and evaluated in this study. Various pattern recognition techniques are devised for the solution of the image classification. Those techniques may be divided into mainly two groups. First one, is mathematical and statistical model based, second one, is the artificial neural network based techniques. We have concentrated on artificial neural network techniques. In the experiments, both techniques were applied for the classification of the VUR (vesico ureteral reflux) images, in this study. However, according to the experiments performed on VUR case study, neural network technique was more successful than others, in terms of classifier. A hybrid method is proposed in this study, rather than pure artificial neural network solution. Representation of images is performed via transformation invariant mathematical structure called Fourier Descriptors and these structures are used as input to train the neural network for the classification part.The application is performed as follows: Feature extraction is performed first, then extracted features are used as pattern vectors for training the neural network. Representation of the shapes in X-ray images is performed by using Fourier Descriptors. Usage of Fourier descriptors as a method of representation of the shapes, provides the transformation invariant' (translation, rotation, scaling invariant structure) representation of X-ray images. These new vector representation is fed to the neural network. Backpropagation is used as a training algorithm. After training is finished, system is readyfor questioning. The minimum-mean-distance and nearest neighbor rules are also applied for the pattern vectors generated for the experiments. But the multilayer perceptron trained by backpropagation outperforms both of these statistical classifiers.Master Thesis Evolution of High-Rise Buildings as Shapers of Urban Space Izmir, as a Case Study(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1999) Çelik, Zühre; Serim, Muharrem ErkalIn resent years, the construction of high-rise buildings has increased In Turkey. Unfortunately, they have been often designed without taking social, historical, environmental, symbolic and visual factors into consideration. And they have got important problems in integration with the urban space. Because the building permits are not given by based upon research and analysis. Usually, the solution at this point is to decrease the density and height limits. So they have been the most discussed issue because of the their impact on the urban environment. For these reasons, this thesis is prepared to be a guide for future research on the problems of high-rise buildings in Turkey.In this thesis context the aim is; to examine the role of high-rise buildings in the shaping of urban space and their physical, functional and social impacts on urban environment, to determine the advantages and disadvantages of high-rise buildings; and also to improve the urban planning and urban design criteria to solve the problems caused by them. This research, as a case study, attempts to evaluate existing and proposed high-rise buildings within the city context of Izmir according to their location and environmental impacts.High-rise buildings can bring great potential benefits to mankind. Instead of preventing these buildings, efforts have to be focused on maximizing its benefits. To solve the problems about high-rise buildings, it is important to consider this type of buildings in urban planning and urban design process.KEYWORDS:High-rise building, skyscraper, skyline, urban space, urban form, land mark, environmental impact, mixed use, setback, urban image, visual impact, high-rise building regulation, height control.Master Thesis Impacts of Partical Plans on Urban Growth,case Study: Güzelbahçe-Seferihisar Axis(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1999) Buğu, Soner; Arkon, CemalIn recent years, partial plans become intensive especially, in fringe areas of metropolitan cities in our country. The thesis research alleges that, the partial plans created a new form of urban growth and this form of growth, which is named as "urban sprawl", caused many socio-economic and spatial problems in our country. For these reasons, this study mainly aims; to evaluate the implementation process of the partial plans by determining the position of the partial plans in the existing legal system; to determine the existing and potential urban problems which the partial plans have caused; and to indicate the changes in landownership pattern within the boundaries of partial plans.This study indicated that, the partial plans, which are carried out outside the boundary of macro plans of the city, create many urban problems on urban growth process and cause unplanned and haphazard growth of the city. These problems are mainly; leapfrog and haphazard urban growth, formation of a dispersed urban grain , integration problems of the scattered urban uses, undesired city macroforms and socio-economic problems. Furthermore, this study also indicated that, there are not sufficient legal arrangements regarding the partial plans in the existing legal system, and these plans are used as an instrument for the benefit of land speculators.The methodology used in the thesis research may said to be composed of literature surveys and evaluation of the knowledge and documents gathered from the related public institutions and observations made in a case study area.Key Words: Partial Plan Urban Sprawl, Scattered Urban Fabric, Haphazard Urban Growth, Urban - Rural Fringe, Land Speculation.Master Thesis Polymers as Design Materials for Toy Industry(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Ünver, Kemal Hakan; Seçkin, YavuzIn this thesis it is intended to investigate the superiority of plastics as a material for a specific product design. Plastics with their intrinsic capabilities, have too many improved characteristics to offer to individuals which makes any research very valuable.When making this research, the methods to be employed were not only limited with library researches but also contained bilateral relations with various producers of either the material or the toys. Under the light of these findings and experiences the formation of the most convenient material was selected for the product. The second point was to design a toy and/or a system for children which would help them get prepared for the coming years. It is found out that, for children toys are more meaningful when combined with their imagination. That is why it is intended to design for preschool children when their imagination is as pure as it can be.Finally it is concluded that with the debut of plastics materials in individuals lives, the characterization of forms, functions and ideas were highly and easily achieved.Master Thesis Walkable Streets (evaluation of Streets in the Context of Urban Theory, Life and Form)(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Süel, AkınThis study aims; to detennine evolving process of urban street and street design approaches through history, to examine general street design considerations and the pedestrian friendly street design policies, to introduce traffic calming measures as an effective new method in the revitalization of the urban streets; and to offer traffic calming techniques and policies as a new alternative in the restructuring of Turkish cities' streets. The case study focused on the application of the traffic calming measures in an intensively urbanized central area in izmir. Pragmatic approach indicated that the implementation of traffic calming techniques may work efficiently in Turkish cities if the wide range neighborhood traffic improvement programs can be applied. These programs may include following approaches in a wider sense: establishment of traffic safety education for children and adults, encouragement of city and neighborhood streets as community space rather than car space, implementation of new urban design methods for enhancing safety and livability, improvement of efficiency and effectiveness of traffic laws and legislate changes in funding and our traffic laws to provide safe and accessible conditions for non-car users. On the other hand, the promotion of traffic calming measures throughout the country can only be provided with the construction of the model projects and the preparation of the traffic calming design guidelines by the significant municipalities.No doubt that, the application of the area-wide traffic calming schemes will have the major role in the creating of walkable streets in our cities and towns.Master Thesis Architectural Reflections of the Political Thresholds During Interwar Years (1914-1945)(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1999) Emir, Özgür Deniz; Eyüce, ÖzenThis thesis claims that political power and ideology have the ability to transform the building forms of architecture and that power uses architecture as the ideological symbols of the regime in the interactive relationship of 'Architecture and Politics'. The study examines this relationship in Russia, Germany, Italy and Turkey which are experiencing political thresholds during the' Interwar Years' (1914-1945). The architectural reflections of political thresholds have been discussed through architectural trends, styles, built environment and urbanism. Formal and conceptual analyses and readings have been performed in order to determine the architectural transformations and variations that are parallel to political developments, architectural trends before and after the political thresholds have been analyzed comparatively. The concepts that exist similarly both in political ideologies and architectural end-products have been studied with the aim of finding the interaction between 'Architecture and Politics'. These analyses have led to a conclusion that political interference, transforms architectural trends due to its ideologies; monumentality, grandeur, axiality, symmetry order and hierarchy as a result exist in the created architectural language due to this political interference.Master Thesis Design Criteria Development for Community Centres and Manisa as a Case Study(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1999) Dalgakıran, Ahu; Serim, Muharrem ErkalThe thesis examines the changes in the concept of community in regard to the effects of the contemporary world and concentrates on the concept of Community Centres as wide-spread uses in western societies and their development process in different countries. Researches indicate that, there is a strong tendency in establishing these centres in the western societies as a tool for the healthy development of the members of community both physically and psychologically. However in Turkey, we do not have such centres that enhance the social interaction among the members of community of different race religion, gender and social standings. In this respect, the main aim of the thesis is to develop a set of design criteria for Community Centres appropriate to the social lives and habits of Turkish people and appropriate to the physical layout of Turkish cities. The methodology used in the thesis research may said to be composed of literature and internet surveys and interpretations based on past experiences. Key Words: Community Community Centres Design Criteria User Groups User Needs.Master Thesis A Study on Technological Expression in Architecture(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Yılmaz, Ebru; Eyüce, AhmetWithin the scope of this study, while questioning the relations between technology and architecture, their effects on human life has also been analyzed with all due aspects pertaining to the formation of the architectural end-product. Its role in the process of architectural design is parallel to this relationship.In this study, the idea which is aimed to achieve is that technology which was once a part of an artisanal production, has been taken up as a problem of modernization in the development of industrialization. The study which aims at demonstrating this alterations, tries to question the ways of seeking a tectonically sensitive dimension in architecture in the age of information including a series of comparative analysis.Within the scope of this study, while putting forward the spatial characteristics of high-tech architecture as a follower of a constructive tradition, building technology of the last decade in Turkey has been included in the discussion.The discussion has been enriched by conceptual definitions in order to determine the terminology of the subject. In addition to the retrospective overviews, architectural concepts of the eras have been presented.The findings of the study has been approved that the technical knowledge today is not limited as the knowledge of classical crafts technique, but it should be the rationalization of both the technical and the traditional. Most of the high-tech designs today use a kind of craft technique based on the machine production. In addition, the structural elements accomplished for the sake of visual impact ate not "technological", but "scenographic" and "representational" as a matter of tectonic expression.Keywords: philosophy of technology, modern age, tectonics, information age, hightech, architectural design approaches.Master Thesis Reconstruction of X-Ray Images(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1997) Aka, Hüseyin Cüneyt; Aytaç, İsmail SıtkıWe have presented an integrated approach in retrieving, reconstructing, and storing images obtained from noisy X-rays in this study. The X-ray images are used to detect human body's invisible parts. The problem of blurring and uneven illumination is always faced. Although it is partially solved by the physicians via lighting the X-rays, this method is not working properly in some cases such as Vesico Ureteral Reflux disease. This may cause loss of some meaningful part of the information and failure in diagnosis process. In order to decrease such errors, some computational methods has been developed by means of image processing. Due to its very nature, reconstruction, retrieving and registration of x-ray images has been chosen as a subject of this study. We have begun attacking the problem of reconstruction and extraction, then started to generate multi-layer hierarchical solutions. We have tried so many different approaches for each layer in our experiments. In each experiment, some methods produced accurate results, some methods did not. Thus, we have exerted every effort to optimize the solution for each layer. Although we have worked with limited number of sample images,(due to the problem of retrieving x-rays which is seen in this case) the results show us that, all the samples that we have processed, could have been reconstructed and stored as we have expected.Storing of the huge amount of data is an another problem in our area of interest, because of image characteristics. Every kidney image consists of nearly 120.000 (around 300x400) pixels. However, in our case, the boundaries of kidney region are sufficient for diagnosis. In other words, storing the boundaries instead of complete image has the same precision. We detected and stored the kidney's boundary coordinates on both x and y axis. Although this was sufficient for our study, we have decided to develop a much more flexible file format by ordering x and y coordinate couples in counter clockwise direction with the same information for further studies such as computer aided diagnosis systems.