Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008

Browse

Filters

2020 - 202521

Settings

Department: search.filters.department.Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Energy Systems EngineeringPublisher: search.filters.publisher.01. Izmir Institute of Technology

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 21
  • Master Thesis
    Energy and exergy analysis of renewable energy utilization in cement production
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2025) Çağlar, Başar; Çağlar, Başar; Fard, Mousa Mohammadpour; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Geleneksel çimento üretim yöntemlerine kıyasla daha yeşil enerji sistemleri alternatiflerini keşfetmek için çimento üretiminin enerji ve ekserji analizi çalışılmıştır. İki farklı yeşil enerji senaryosu dikkate alınmıştır. Temel senaryo geleneksel çimento üretimidir. İlk senaryoda atık rüzgar türbini kanatlarının pirolizi ve gaz türbini çimento fabrikasına entegre edilmiştir ve elektrik ihtiyacı gaz türbini tarafından karşılanmıştır. Aynı zamanda hammadde piroliz ünitesinin katı ürününden sağlanmıştır. Bu senaryo için sıcak akımları kullanmak üzere bir ön ısıtma sistemi düşünülmüştür. İkinci senaryoda, PEM elektrolizörü de çimento fabrikasına dahil edilmiştir. Burada kömürle değiştirilmek üzere PEM elektrolizöründen hidrojen üretilmiştir. Tüm senaryoların termodinamik modellemesi Engineering Equation Solver (EES) yazılımı aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Temel senaryonun enerji ve ekserji verimliliği sırasıyla % 61,60 ve % 20,21 olarak bulunmuştur. Termodinamik analiz dışında, özgül enerji tüketimi (SEC) ve CO2 emisyonları hesaplanmıştır. En düşük SEC, 1704 kJ/kg olan senaryo 1 ile elde edilmiştir. CO2 emisyonları, 0,219 kg CO2/kg çimento ile senaryo 2 için minimum olarak sonuçlanmıştır. Tüm bunlar göz önüne alınarak, daha yeşil ve daha az enerji tüketen bir sistem oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.
  • Master Thesis
    Electrocatalytic isopropanol oxidation for direct organic fuel cells
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Şeker, Erol; Çağlar, Başar; Çağlar, Başar; Şeker, Erol; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Dünya üzerinde sürekli artan nüfus yoğunluğu ve buna eşlik eden enerji tüketim oranları nedeniyle, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarını bulma, bunları erişilebilir ve kullanıma hazır hale getirme ihtiyacı önemli konular gelmiştir. Son yıllarda, hidrojen taşıyıcıları ve yakıt hücresi sistemleri, geleneksel fosil yakıt türlerine bağlı enerji üretim sistemlerine iyi alternatifler olarak öne çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma için, hidrojen taşıyıcısı olarak izopropanol-aseton çifti seçilmiş ve reaksiyon kinetiği incelenmiştir. İzopropanolün elektrokimyasal oksidasyonu, yakıt hücresi uygulamaları ve enerji depolama cihazlarındaki önemi nedeniyle oldukça ilgi görmüştür. Bu tez içeriğinde, Pt/C, Cu/C, Pt-Cu(1:1)/C, Pt-Cu(3:1)/C ve Pt-Ru/C ticari katalizörleri kullanılarak izopropanolün elektrokimyasal oksidasyon davranışına odaklanılmıştır. Oksidasyon reaksiyonunun performansını iyileştirmeyi amaçlarken, her bir elektrokimyasal katalizörün aktivitesi, seçiciliği ve reaksiyon koşullarındaki kararlılığı farklı ortamların etkisi altında, alkali koşullarda incelenmiştir. Bu katalizörlerin elektrokimyasal performansı Döngülü Voltametri, Elektrokimyasal Empedans Spektroskopi ve Kronoamperometri analizleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, diğer Platin bazlı katalizörlere kıyasla daha yüksek katalitik aktivite ve daha düşük kinetik direnç gösteren Pt-Cu/C katalizörünün üstünlüğünü göstermektedir. Bu gelişmiş performans, Bakır'ın OH- türlerine olan güçlü afinitesine atfedilir ve bu da izopropanol oksidasyon hızını artırır ve genel elektrokimyasal aktiviteyi teşvik eder. Genel olarak, bu çalışma izopropanol elektrooksidasyonunun kinetiğine dair değerli bilgiler sağlayarak ve Pt-Cu alaşımının çeşitli elektrokimyasal sistemlerde verimli alkol oksidasyonu için umut verici bir katalizör olarak potansiyelini vurgular.
  • Master Thesis
    Modelling and Controlling of Hybrid Energy Systems With Hydrogen Storage
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Çağlar, Başar; Altın, Müfit; Çağlar, Başar; Altın, Müfit; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Hybrid renewable energy systems are gaining more attention for the problems like Global Warming and high CO2 emissions. Another topic that increases its popularity is hydrogen. Because it is a very good alternative fuel. In this work, every component of a basic Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) will be modeled and short-time simulations will be made for any transient response of individual components. MATLAB Simulink is used for every model and simulation. HRES includes a wind turbine, PV array, battery energy storage, and electrolyzer. The system is also grid-connected. Additionally, different control strategies are investigated, obtained, and created. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms for Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) and PV array were conducted. A control algorithm that combines the battery and the PV array was made and necessary circuits were designed. An overall model for different sizes and operations is created. One-day-long simulations were made for 11 different cases. The user can alter the overall model for different turbines, PV modules, and battery sizes. The total amount of hydrogen produced, energy generation, and consumption were observed for every case.
  • Master Thesis
    Modeling and Thermo-Economic Analysis of a Photovoltaic-Battery Hybrid Energy System: a Case Study in Yenikale Geothermal Heat Center
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden; Helvacı, Hüseyin Utku; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden; Helvacı, Hüseyin Utku; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering
    Water is vital for agriculture accounting 50-70% of the total global use of fresh water for irrigation. Geothermal water as a renewable energy source is used to generate electricity, heat and cool. The remaining water can be desalinated to be used for agricultural irrigation. Energy demand of desalination systems is high and mostly rely on fossil fuels increasing cost and greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, renewable energy use in desalination process is increasing. Based on a research project, a pilot desalination system is installed in Yenikale Heat Center of Balcova-Narlidere Geothermal District Heating System to desalinate geothermal water and use for agricultural irrigation. The desalination system is powered by a solar PV system which meets energy need entirely in summer but only 30-50% in winter. The remaining energy need is supplied from the grid. The aim of this study is to maximize the utilization of solar energy for the desalination process while minimizing reliance on the grid. To achieve this objective, three different scenarios are analyzed based on three different solar radiation values of 2021 integrating a battery system. For each scenario; first, battery capacities and the number of PV panels are determined. Then, energy, exergy and exergo-economic analysis are conducted. The parameters calculated in economic analysis are net present value, payback period and cost of energy production. One of the main results obtained is the unit energy cost for solar driven desalination system 0.28 $/kWh which is in a good agreement with the literature (0.214-0.23 $/kWh).
  • Master Thesis
    Catalytic Pyrolysis of Virgin and Waste Polyolefins
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Şeker, Erol; Yıldız, Günay; Şeker, Erol; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    The fact that increasing plastic production and the mismanaged waste released to the environment put the ecosystem at risk. One of the most promising recycling methods developed within this framework has been pyrolysis. In this thesis, a model feedstock mi (No: 119N302). Thermal (batch and continuous) and catalytic pyrolysis (in-situ and ex-situ) techniques were applied to the polyolefins. Silica-alumina-based solid acid catalysts were produced with the simple sol-gel method to compete with commercial ZSM-5 (30) and ZSM-5 (50). Catalyst-to-plastic ratios between 1/100 and 1/1000 were used for in-situ, and 200 h-1 and 500 h-1 WHSVs were used for ex-situ mode. 57 wt.% pyrolysis oil was produced from the thermal pyrolysis of the virgin PO mixture in the batch system. In the ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis experiments by 500 h-1 WHSV and by ZSM-5, silica-alumina, and ZSM-5 supported silica-alumina, 36 wt.%, 56.6% wt.% and 45.2 wt.% liquid, and by 200 h-1 WHSV, 29.9 wt.%, 54.1 wt.%, and 57.9 wt.% pyrolysis oils were collected, respectively. The most successful test in terms of product composition was ES2 with 82.9% gasoline (8.8% BTEX), and 16.7% diesel-range hydrocarbons. The motivation was investigating whether it was suitable to produce liquid hydrocarbons, in the range of C5-C20, as a feedstock in the petrochemical industry. As a result, it has been proven that energy recovery was possible and sustainable by plastics recycling instead of using fossil fuels.
  • Master Thesis
    Modeling and Analysis of Heat Pump Integrated Pv-Wind Systems for a Commercial Greenhouse
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Çağlar, Başar; Çağlar, Başar; Bilir, Levent; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    This thesis focuses on modeling and simulating renewable energy (RE) systems that include photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines (WT), and air source heat pumps (HP) for meeting the heating load of a commercial greenhouse (GH) in the agricultural zone in Dikili. Five different energy systems scenarios, namely (i) PV-HP, (ii) PV-WT-HP, (iii) WT-PV-HP, (iv) WT-HP, and (v) only HP were considered. For all scenarios the mismatch between the load and the generation was covered by grid. The second and third scenarios differ from each other based on the number of PVs and WTs. The design of the greenhouse was made with SketchUp and TRNSYS software based on dimensions of the greenhouse. According to the weather data and greenhouse parameters, solar radiation calculations were made, and the greenhouse system was modeled by MATLAB software. The annual heating and cooling demands of the designed greenhouse and electricity generation by PVs and WTs were calculated on an hourly basis. The heating and cooling loads were found to be 5,922,015 and 11,014,446 kWh/year, respectively. Since the maximum power output by RE for the reserved area is not sufficient to meet the cooling load, the cooling process was excluded. Economic and environmental analyzes were made. The first scenario including 5,271 PV panels and 20 HPs was found to be the best scenario. Net Present Value (NPV), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and CO2 savings of the related scenario were calculated as $547,440.40, 0.080146 $/kWh and 1,270.96 t.
  • Master Thesis
    Techno-Economic Optimization of Pv-Wind Hybrid Systems
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Demirdal, İlke; Çağlar, Başar; Çağlar, Başar; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    In this study, the technoeconomic optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems were investigated for a small community with 50 households located in Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH) Campus, Izmir. The renewable-based power systems have received significant attentions recently due to the recent effort for the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy, but their technical and economical feasibilities for different sectors and application areas and the related optimum system configurations haven’t been clearly addressed. To fill this research gap, PV-battery and wind turbine-battery system were analyzed for a small community from technical and economic point of views and the most economic configurations were explored for different level of grid-dependency by using the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) method. The annual electricity load profile was built in hourly basis based on the monthly total electricity consumption of each house and electricity consumption habits of residents. PV and wind turbine power outputs, the involvement of batteries were modelled in MATLAB/Simulink considering the meteorological data (IZTECH Meteorological Mast and NASA POWER), types of PV panel, wind turbine and battery. The mismatch between energy demand and supply was determined and different hybrid configurations were considered to cover this mismatch to different extents. The optimum number of PV panel, wind turbine and batteries were determined and the levelized cost of electricity were calculated for each scenario. The most economic configuration is the one consisting of 3 wind turbines and 7 batteries with 49.62% energy utilization from the grid.
  • Master Thesis
    Energy Interaction of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines Working in Pairs
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Gencer, Özgür; Karadeniz, Ziya Hatan; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    The position of wind turbines relative to each other is important in terms of the performance of the turbines. The experiments and CFD studies in the literature have shown that Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT's) have a higher energy production per unit of land used than Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT's) and it is found that there is a performance improvement of the VAWT's when they are operated in pairs. In this thesis, CFD simulations of the H-type VAWT's working in pairs have been perpormed to investigate the energy interaction of the turbines. A standalone one-bladed VAWT was modelled based on the previous studies in the literature for the validation of the CFD methodology. Simulation parameters and simulation settings are compared with the reference study in the mesh independency analysis for four different mesh settings resulting in a deviation of up to %14, and in the time step sensitivity analysis for two different time steps corresponding to 0.25 and 0.5 degrees of azimuthal angle increments resulting in a deviation of up to %15. 1, 2, and 3 bladed stand-alone turbines are investigated to reveal the effect of the inter-turbine blade interaction on the energy output. A pair of co-rotating turbines configuration is analyzed at various Tip Speed Ratios (TSR) (1.7, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4) and at compared with the standalone VAWT for each configuration. The results of CFD simulations show that adding blades to the standalone VAWT results in a more stable moment coefficient, but it also leads to a decrease in the power coefficient at high TSRs. The co-located turbines cause flow disruption for the VAWTs working in pairs operating at unstable TSRs (<2), resulting in a performance reduction of up 13.5%. Increasing the distance between turbines minimize the negative effect of disruption and improves turbine performance. As the TSR increases to a stable operation, the existence of the second turbine affects the energy output of both turbines positively, with the highest performance increase of 46% observed at TSR 3.3 when the turbines were placed closest to each other at 3D. The positive effect of the neighbouring turbine decreases as the distance between the turbines increase and the impact of distance between turbines on performance vanishes for the dewnstream turbine at 8D.
  • Master Thesis
    Thermo-Catalytic Pyrolysis of Unrecycled Plastic Waste in a Lab-Scale Experimental Set-Up: Determination of Optimal Operating Conditions
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Çağlar, Başar; Yıldız, Günay; Çağlar, Başar; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    370 million tons of polymers are produced worldwide annually (with an annual growth of 4%), of which ca. 16% are produced in the European Union (EU). By 2030, it is estimated that over 600 million tons of plastics will be produced. Plastic waste is a problem and will be severe day by day for the environment. This problem can easily switch to advantage by a carbon-neutral process: pyrolysis. This study analyzed and compared reported literature data with the experimental findings obtained in a continuously operated bench-scale pyrolysis reactor. The optimal conditions of the feedstocks' N2 flow rate, feed intake, and mixing ratio for maximizing liquid production were estimated for pyrolysis by Taguchi’s orthogonal array design. Optimized process parameters were used for the pyrolysis of fresh and waste counterparts of HDPE, LDPE, PP, and a defined mixture of those (25:25:50 wt.%) at 450°C. The tail gases of mixed fresh and waste POs were also examined for energy autonomy of pyrolysis. Fresh plastics yielded more liquid compared to waste plastics. Blending polyethylenes with PP improved the conversion efficiency and favored the formation of gasoline-range hydrocarbons while limiting the wax formation. The total energy potential of produced NCGs, mainly composed of C3 hydrocarbons, was found to be sufficient; the energy demand for endothermic bond breaking during pyrolysis was met in a range of 139 to 464% for various plastic types tested.
  • Master Thesis
    Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Design for Green Campus-Iztech
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Çağlar, Başar; Çağlar, Başar; Açıkkalp, Emin; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    This study focuses on evaluating of standalone PV and Wind systems integrated with energy storage technologies to meet the electricity needs of the Izmir Institute of Technology campus in Izmir. University campuses with their high energy demand are one of the most important application areas for renewable energy systems and it’s critical to determine the types of renewable energy technologies, their size, and techno-economic feasibility for possible future implementation. Solar and wind energy were chosen as renewable energy sources based on the location and renewable energy potential of the IZTECH Campus. Two different energy storage systems are proposed to prevent any loss of power supply in standalone mode: (i) Lead-acid battery and (ii) Electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank, and hydrogen-powered generator. Models were developed using the dynamic library-based structure of the TRNSYS program. The hourly electrical load was generated based on monthly data taken from the electricity supplier and the power output of PV modules was calculated based on the fixed tilt angle based on real meteorological data for the campus location. The electricity demand and generation were analyzed hourly for one calendar year. The number of PV modules was determined to meet the annual electricity demand of the campus while the capacity and number of energy storage modules were determined based on the maximum accumulative energy deficiency in a year. The round-trip efficiencies and the depth of discharge for the battery and the hydrogen storage efficiency for the hydrogen-based storage option were considered in the analysis. Parameters were calculated for both systems and simulation analyzes were evaluated. An economic cost analysis was performed for each system. In addition, suggestions are made for possible system improvements.