Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Production and Characterization of Composed-Based Friction Materials for Safety Cluthes in Aviation Applications(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Akkurt, Sedat; Akkurt, Sedat; Sütçü, Mücahit; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyDebriyaj sistemleri, araç hızını kontrol etmede kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, uçak debriyaj sistemleri, yüzey malzemelerinin kimyasal ve mekanik özellikleri, üretim yöntemleri ve kullanım koşulları incelenmiştir. Ticari kompozit esaslı bir uçak fren balatası (Trimat MN2221) malzeme karakterizasyonu, mikro yapısal (OM, SEM-EDS), faz (XRD), kimyasal (XRF), bağ yapısı (FTIR) ve termal (TGA) analizleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yeni balata formülasyonları geliştirilmiş ve kompozit balata üretim yöntemleri kullanılarak sabit koşullar altında güvenlik debriyaj balataları üretilmiştir. Farklı katkı maddeleri ve karışım oranları ile deneyler yapılarak balata özelliklerindeki farklılıklar analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırma, fenolik reçine, kuvars, alümina, cam elyafı ve grafit miktarlarının sürtünme kuvveti ve aşınma direnci üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Farklı oranlarda alümina (Al2O3) ve kuvars (SiO2) içeren üç farklı debriyaj balatası örneği üretilmiş ve sürtünme özellikleri test edilmiştir. Benzer deneyler, fenolik reçine, cam elyafı ve grafit miktarları değiştirilerek tekrar edilmiştir. SAE J661 standardına göre sürtünme-aşınma testleri yapılmış, yoğunluk, yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve sertlik gibi fiziksel özellikler değerlendirilmiştir. Yoğunluk kütle-hacim ilişkisine göre hesaplanmış, sertlik SHORE D cihazı ile ölçülmüştür. TSE 555 standardına göre spesifik aşınma oranları belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, alüminanın sürtünme malzemelerini ve debriyaj performansını artırdığını, kuvarsın ise sürtünme katsayısını iyileştirdiğini göstermiştir. Çalışma, debriyaj performansı için en uygun formülasyon ve optimum üretim parametrelerini belirlemiştir.Master Thesis The Effects of Manganese Concentration on the Mechanical Properties of A356 Aluminum Alloy Wheels Produced by Low Pressure Die Casting(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Kaya, Ahmet Yiğit; Davut, Kemal; Gökelma, Mertol; Gökelma, Mertol; Davut, Kemal; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyAlüminyum, otomotiv endüstrisinde her geçen gün daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Genellikle alüminyum alaşımından yapılan otomobil jantları, geri dönüşüm verimliliği, yüksek özgül mukavemeti, termal iletkenliği, işlenebilirliği ve korozyon direnci nedeniyle tercih edilmekte ve hafiflikleriyle araçların artan performansına ve yakıt verimliliğine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Alüminyum alaşımlı jantlar belirli mekanik standartları karşılamak zorundadır. Bu konudaki büyük bir endişe, geri dönüştürülmüş alüminyum alaşımlarının bu mekanik gereksinimleri karşılayıp karşılayamayacağıdır. Alüminyum alaşımlarında geri dönüştürülmüş hurda oranı arttıkça, empüritelerin karışması ve birikmesi önemli sorunları beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada demir içeriğinin zararlı etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak için Mn kullanılmıştır. Mangan varlığı demir intermeteliklerinin olumsuz etkilerini nötralize eder, böylece ikincil alüminyumun güvenlik açısından kritik uygulamalarda kullanılmasına olanak tanır. Bu amaçla ağırlıkça %0,040 (şarj 1), ağırlıkça %0,069 (şarj 2) ve ağırlıkça %0,14 (şarj 3) Mn içeren A356 alaşımlı otomobil jantları alçak basınçlı döküm yöntemiyle döküldü. İntermetalikler incelenerek Mangan etkilerinin görülebilmesi amacıyla optik mikroskop incelemesi yapılmış ve bu görüntüler ImageJ yazılımı yardımıyla sayısal verilere dönüştürülmüştür. Üretilen jantların mekanik özellikleri sertlik ölçümü, çekme testi ve Charpy darbe testi yapılarak incelenmiştir. Charpy darbe testi sonucunda oluşan kırılma yüzeyleri SEM ve EDX yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Beklendiği gibi, sertlik ve akma dayanımı değerleri tüm numunelerde benzer davranış sergilemiştir. Bölgesel artış ve azalışlar vardır. İstatistiksel analizler sonrasında, Mn konsantrasyonu ile mekanik özellikler arasında güçlü olmayan negatif doğrusal bir korelasyon gözlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla, Mn ilavesi mekanik özelliklerdeki düşüş için tek ve en güçlü parametre değildir. Darbe enerjisi, uzama ve akma dayanımında olduğu gibi en-boy oranı ve tane/mm2 üzerinde güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Ancak akma dayanımı ve uzamanın aksine, en-boy oranı tane/mm2'ye göre daha hassastır.Master Thesis High-Throughput Selection of Mineralizing Peptides(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Çulha, Gizem; Toptan, Fatih; Yücesoy, Deniz Tanıl; Toptan, Fatih; Yücesoy, Deniz Tanıl; 03.01. Department of Bioengineering; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology3,4 milyar yılı aşkın protein evrimi boyunca Doğa Ana, biyomineral oluşumunu düzenleyen ve kontrol eden moleküler yollar geliştirmiştir. Biyolojik sert dokuların mükemmel hiyerarşik yapıları ve çok işlevli özellikleri uzun süredir malzeme bilimcilerine ve mühendislerine ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Proteinler tarafından sentezlenen bu doğal kompozitler, inorganik katıların çekirdeklenmesini ve büyümesini kolaylaştırır ve böylece organizmalarda mineral oluşumunu yönlendirir. Biyomineralizasyon yaşam için gerekli olmasına rağmen; düzensizliği önemli sağlık sorunlarına yol açabilir. Bu nedenle, bu mekanizmayı anlamak anormal mineral birikimiyle ilişkili hastalıklara yönelik tedavilerin geliştirilmesi açısından çok önemlidir. Nano ölçekte biyolojiden ilham alan bu tezin amacı, derin yönelimli evrim yaklaşımıyla doğal proteinlere benzer şekilde hidroksiapatit (HAp) mineralizasyonunu yönetebilen kısa katalitik peptitleri tanımlamaktır. Sonuçlarımız, benzersiz dizilere sahip peptitlerin tanımlandığını gösterdi. XRD ve FTIR analizleri yoluyla yapılan yapısal karakterizasyon, bu peptitlerin varlığında hidroksiapatit oluşumunu doğruladı. Bununla birlikte, kinetik ölçümler bu peptitlerin fizyolojik koşullar altında kalsiyum fosfat mineralizasyonunu on beş kat daha hızlı katalize ettiğini ortaya çıkardı. Bu peptitlerin, kalsiyum ve fosfat ile desteklenmiş sulu ortamda sergilediği hızlı mineralizasyon kinetiği, demineralize olmuş dokuların onarılması ve patolojik biyomineralizasyon ile ilişkili hastalıkların tedavisi için güçlü bir potansiyele işaret etmektedir. Aynı zamanda, bu peptit dizileri, diş jelleri ve diş macunu formülasyonları dahil olmak üzere klinik ürünlerin geliştirilmesinde, kemik rejenerasyonu tedavilerinde ve kontrollü mineralizasyonun önemli olduğu diğer tıbbi uygulamalarda temel unsurlar olarak hizmet edebilirMaster Thesis Characterization and Recyclability of Pharmaceutical Blisters(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Gökelma, Mertol; Akkurt, Sedat; Akkurt, Sedat; Gökelma, Mertol; Akkurt, Sedat; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyPackaging is one of the largest industries in the world. Pharmaceutical blister packages are the most preferred packaging type in the pharmaceutical industry. Especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of pharmaceutical packaging has become widespread with the increasing demand for drugs. Pharmaceutical blister packages typically contain thin sheets of plastic and aluminium and generate substantial solid waste. Since these packages have a multi-layered and complex structure, they are difficult to recycle. Before recycling, plastic and aluminium need a separation process. Chemical separation or thermal processes can be used for separation. The aim of this study is to characterize different pharmaceutical blister types with SEM-EDS (Scanning electron microscopy- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry), ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and to review the different reagents used in the pharmaceutical blister layer separation process. In addition to thermal degradation, the parameters and results of the separation processes were evaluated using hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, ethanol, acetone, and organic solvents. It also evaluates the recyclability of the separated layers (plastic and aluminium). Its recyclability was evaluated by melting the aluminium fraction under salt consisting of a mixture of NaCl-KCl-CaF2. The plastic fraction was obtained in solid and liquid form by thermal degradation and analysed by GC-TCD (Gas Chromatography-Thermal conductivity detector).Master Thesis Remelting Behaviour of Pure and Az63 Magnesium Chips(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Akkurt, Sedat; Gökelma, Mertol; Gökelma, Mertol; Akkurt, Sedat; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyMagnesium is a widely used light metal in many areas such as the automotive, aerospace, and medical industries. Magnesium has become widely used in industrial applications despite its poor corrosion resistance and high cost. It has great machinability, weldability, and remarkable mechanical properties such as lightweight, strength, and creep resistance. Magnesium is considered by the European Union as a critical raw material. The demand for magnesium has been increasing and it is used as a substitute for other heavy materials in many applications. Thus, recycling magnesium scrap is important due to limited raw material accessibility and environmental concerns. Secondary sources of magnesium should contribute to the economy and the procedure should be as efficient as possible to prevent metal loss. Magnesium is typically remelted under a salt flux (chloride and fluoride mix) which removes the surface oxides and other contaminants from the metal or under a cover gas that covers the surface against oxidation. This research studies the effects of salt composition, different fluorides, and the compaction degree of turnings on the recovery efficiency of pure and AZ63 magnesium alloy chips that were remelted under different chemical compositions of NaF, CaF2, MgCl2, KCl, and NaCl salt fluxes. The purpose is to minimize the metal loss and increase the coalescence ability of the metal. Metal yield and coagulation efficiency were reported XRD, SEM-EDX, XRF, and TGA analysis were performed for the characterization of chips and remelted samples. The melting point and density of the salt fluxes were determined by the FactSage software.Master Thesis Piezocatalytic and Piezoelectric Properties of P(vdf) and Its Copolymer/Terpolymer Films(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Adem, Umut; Genç, Aziz; Adem, Umut; Genç, Aziz; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyNowadays, the release of colored organic pollutants such as Rhodamin B dye, resulting from industrial activities endanger the people, animals, and plants. Many methods have developed to destroy these harmful pollutants. Piezocatalysis, a newly used environmentally friendly method, takes advantage of the piezoelectric effect, and uses mechanical vibration to produce active species on opposite surfaces of matter for degradation of dye. In this study, piezocatalytic and piezoelectric properties of P(VDF) based homopolymer, copolymer and terpolymers were investigated. With the addition of 2nd and 3rd monomer to the homopolymer, observation of change in piezoelectric and piezocatalytic properties and removal efficiency of pollution in water, were aimed. P(VDF) homopolymer, P(VDF-TrFE) copolymers with composition of 55/45 and 50/50 mol%, and P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) terpolymer with 62/31/7 mol% were synthesized by solution casting method. It was observed that the 2nd and 3rd monomer added to the homopolymer enhanced the piezoelectric properties and strain characteristics of the polymers. Maximum polarization and strain of terpolymer was observed as 11 µC/cm2 and 5.6 %, respectively. Due to the increase in piezoelectricity, a noticeable increase in piezocatalytic properties was observed. Terpolymer exhibited the highest and most efficient piezoelectric and piezocatalytic performance. P(VDF) homopolymer was reached 27% dye degradation efficiency. While copolymers with mol% 55/45 and 50/50, dye degradation efficiencies were 40% and 47%, respectively, terpolymer efficiency was 54%. From the dielectric measurements, within the transition region (49 mol% ≤ CVDF ≤ 55 mol%) of P(VDF-TrFE), both normal-ferroelectric and relaxor characteristics were observed. Terpolymer showed relaxor properties as expected.Master Thesis Coating of La0.3sr0.7fe0.7cr0.3o3-Δ and La0.3ca0.7fe0.7cr0.3o3-Δ Cathode Layers on Gdc Ceramics by Electrospray Deposition (esd)(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Erğen, Emre; Akkurt, Sedat; Ahmetoğlu, Çekdar Vakıf; Akkurt, Sedat; Ahmetoğlu, Çekdar Vakıf; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyHigh temperatures are needed to rapidly transfer of oxygen ions between layers during the chemical energy to electrical energy conversion in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Nevertheless, intermediate-temperature SOFCs are preferred to increase their lifetime and reduce maintenance and production costs. The performance of IT-SOFCs depends particularly on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the cathode layer. In this study, cobalt-free La0.3Sr0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3-δ and La0.3Ca0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3-δ cathode layers were coated on GDC ceramic pellets by ESD method. The aim of the thesis was to have better structural and electrochemical properties of coatings than the literature. ESD provides the atomization of liquids with the help of electrical forces. ESD is an effective method for forming coatings with desired compositions. By changing ESD parameters, different structural properties such as reticular, cracked, and dense were obtained. Reticular structures are useful for easier oxygen transfer with increased surface area. Effects of parameters were examined by Plackett-Burman design, and the most effective parameter was found as flow rate. The quality of the coatings was evaluated by quantitative scoring. The 16th sample, which was coated with solution E, got the best score. Parameters of 16th sample were used in the investigation of the effects of different solutions on the coatings. 8 different solutions named A to H were prepared with different solvents and precursor salts. Coating by solution E shows better EIS results than the literature as 0.22 Ω.cm2. Coatings by solution G and A show close values to the literature as 0.29 Ω.cm2, and 0.34 Ω.cm2, respectively.Master Thesis Coating of Spinel Layers on Alumina by Electrostatic Spray Deposition (esd)(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Demirkol, İrem; Akkurt, Sedat; Akkurt, Sedat; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyMgAl2O4 spinel layer was coated on dense alumina pellets by advantageous ESD among the other deposition methods in terms of providing a simple, inexpensive setup and good control of the layer morphology. The main goals are successfull deposition of spinel layers on alumina pellets by ESD, to investigate the effect of ESD parameters (working distance, flow rate of precursors, applied voltage) on coating microstructure by conducting full factorial design experiments and to determine the best experimental conditions for a porous layer. Besides, MgCr2O4 layer was coated on dense alumina and MgAl2O4 layer was deposited on bisque-fired alumina pellet to extend the scope of the work. Alumina powders were compressed and sintered, respectively to obtain pellets. MgAl2O4 spinel precursor solution was sprayed on the alumina pellets by changing the parameters accordingly the full factorial design. MgAl2O4 and MgCr2O4 solutions were also sprayed on the bisque-fired and the dense alumina pellets with the parameters given the best porous layer. Elemental analysis of the residues obtained after evaporation of the solutions by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), both unheated and post-heated residual powders of solutions by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface morphologies of coated pellets by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) were analyzed. Spinel layers on alumina pellets were successfully coated by ESD, which could provide variable surface morphologies. The optimum conditions for a porous layer were obtained as working distance of 15 mm, flow rate of 0.25 mL/h and applied voltage of 6 kV in this study. The coatings on the pellets before further heating were amorphous. Post-heating of the pellets were required to obtain crystalline spinel structure.Master Thesis Preparation and Characterization of Drug Loaded Cationic Albumin Nanoparticles(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Akdoğan, Yaşar; Emrullahoğlu, Mustafa; Sözer, Sümeyra Çiğdem; Akdoğan, Yaşar; Emrullahoğlu, Mustafa; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 04.04. Department of Photonics; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 04. Faculty of ScienceSerum albumin protein behaves as a carrier and transporter for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Therefore, albumin could be used in the drug carrier systems. Since albumin nanoparticles have a negative charge under physiological conditions, their anionic drug loading and delivering capacities are restricted. This study aims to obtain higher anionic drug loading capacity by producing cationic bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (cBSA NPs). Firstly, the carboxyl groups of amino acids present on the surface of albumin were conjugated with ethylenediamine to change the charge of albumin from negative to positive. Then, cBSA NPs were obtained using the desolvation process. Anionic salicylic acid (SA) was used for drug loading studies of the obtained cBSA NPs. SA loading and releasing experiments were studied with UV-Vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In the UV-Vis, the drug loading capacity of cBSA NPs was found to increase ~2 fold, and drug release was slower compared to BSA NPs. For EPR studies, SA was labeled with stable radicals. Spin labels allow the simultaneous monitoring of bound and free drugs in the same sample. The drug was loaded into nanoparticles using two methods. Based on EPR results, it was found that drug was loaded to cBSA NPs with 50% and 93%, and to BSA NPs with 4% and 15% ratios, by desolvation and incubation, respectively. Thus, UV-vis and EPR measurements showed that cBSA NPs have higher SA loading potential and slower release ability compared to anionic albumin nanoparticles.Master Thesis Investigation of Microbial Biofilm Formation Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Equivalent Circuit Modelling(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Kuş, Anılcan; Yıldız, Ümit Hakan; Yıldız, Ümit Hakan; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 04. Faculty of ScienceBacterial biofilm is like a cooperative form of planktonic bacteria that colonize to acquire more nutritious and become resistant to surroundings. The communal organization results from the connection of bacteria by polysaccharides, lipids, or the extracellular matrix, which can provide a protective environment for living cells and communicate between them or allow specific types of chemicals inside through the matrix. 60%-80% of the infections are known to be biofilm-related. Bacterial biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics, and treating them with the wrong antibiotics might result in a thicker biofilm. In order to overcome these difficulties and researching new treatments for biofilm inflammation understanding the formation process is essential. For this manner, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has potential uses in various fields such as biosensors, corrosion studies, healthcare owing to its facile operation and affordable devices to conduct electroanalysis. EIS calculates the excitation voltage and current generated with the oscillating frequency. Developing impedimetric methods are gaining attention due to the operation being label-free. Considering its label-free nature, EIS is a possible candidate to explain the electrodynamics of living systems such as cell-matrix interaction, biofilm formation in vitro. Detection of those is essential to prevent infections and to develop medical needs to cure them. The thesis focuses on understanding the electrodynamics of bacterial biofilm formation via electrochemical methods such as square wave voltammetry (SWV), Open Circuit Potential (OCP), and EIS. After carrying out the experiments, time-dependent circuit models for EIS were built, and the data were extracted to demonstrate changes in the bacterial system.