Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Emission Characteristics of Two and Three Level Systems(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Çakır, Özgür; Çakır, Özgür; Çakır, Özgür; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyIn this thesis, we mainly focus on the two subjects. Firstly, we investigate the spontaneous emission from a V-type three-level atom. We mainly study the influence of quantum interference between the decay processes from the two upper levels to a lower level to which the upper levels are coupled by the same vacuum modes. The effects of quantum interference on the spontaneous emission spectrum are studied. These effects are shown to induce spectral narrowing and a dark line in the spectrum. The influence of the interference on the upper level populations is also examined. It is seen that the upper level populations are not simple exponential decays. In the second part of this study, the fluorescence spectrum of a driven two-level atom is evaluated. Both the resonance and the off-resonance cases, and the weak and the strong coupling regimes are investigated.Master Thesis Quantum Walks: Entanglement Between Spatial Degrees of Freedom and Interference in Multi-Photon Walks(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020) Çakır, Özgür; Çakır, Özgür; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyQuantum walks can be described as quantum analogues of classical random walks. In quantum walks, the direction of the walker is dictated by the quantum state of a coin in a coherent fashion. Unlike classical random walk with a fair coin, quantum walk has non-Markovian property. First, we studied 2-D quantum walk analytically and numerically with one-walker and two entangled coins to investigate the transfer of the entanglement in initial coins state to spatial degrees of freedom. The coins are Hadamard Coin, Fourier Coin, among which the Fourier coin generates entanglement, thus increase entanglement between spatial degrees of freedom. Here we calculated the amount of entanglement using negativity. In the second part we studied average photon number correlations for 1-D quantum walk with many body bosonic walkers, like different light sources, to investigate quantum interference effects and we showed the second-order intensity correlations function in terms of the probability amplitudes of the 1-D quantum walk with Hadamard coin. We compared the resulting correlations for various initial many photon states.Master Thesis Electronic, Vibtational and Transport Properties of Quasi-One Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Structures(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Ünsal, Elif; Sevinçli, Haldun; Senger, Ramazan Tuğrul; Sevinçli, Haldun; Senger, Ramazan Tuğrul; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThermoelectric materials have attracted great attention due to their ability to convert heat to electrical energy. As the application area of nanoscience expands, nanostructuring becomes a promising approach for enhancing thermoelectric properties. In this thesis, thermoelectric enhancement of the T-phase HfSe2 structures is studied via nanostructuring. Density functional theory (DFT) based electronic and vibrational spectra of two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-one dimensional T-phase HfSe2 structures are investigated and their ballistic thermoelectric transport properties are examined within the Landauer formalism. For the first time, it was reported that the nanoribbons of the Tphase HfSe2 are dynamically stable and semiconducting materials. They have promising thermoelectric properties. We reported the enhancement of the p-type ZT parameter of T-phase HfSe2 at both low and high temperatures. Moreover, the width dependency of the thermoelectric properties of the nanoribbons are studied.Master Thesis Rkky Interaction and Its Control in Graphene and Related Materials(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Canbolat, Ahmet Utku; Çakır, Özgür; Çakır, Özgür; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyGraphene got dramatic attention and lead the two-dimensional material physics after its first successful synthesis in 2004. Its unique electronic properties contain great potential for both scientific and technological applications. RKKY (Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya Yosida) is an indirect exchange interaction mediated by conduction electrons. In graphene, the interaction strength decay as 1/R³ where R is the distance between the magnetic moments. In the first part of this work, we calculated that applying circular potential on a graphene sheet forms quasi-bound states in the potential region. Via these states, the RKKY interaction is enhanced between magnetic moments on the edge of the potential well. This can be thought of an electronic analog of the Purcell effect. We showed that the interaction strength is even more enhanced if the Fermi level is in resonance with the energies of the quasi-bound states. In the second part, we considered zigzag edged hexagonal nanoflakes. It is known that zigzag edged flakes have zero-energy edge-states. It is also known that the states with closer energies contribute more to RKKY interaction. Thus, we calculated that there is an enhancement between these edge-states. In the third part, we investigated the behavior of RKKY interaction for two dimensional materials with quartic dispersion. An energy dispersion is said to be quartic if it is of the form E = α(k² - kc² )². Here, α and kc are material dependent constants. There are many materials exhibiting the quartic dispersion such as nitrogene, phosphorene, and arsenene. These materials are also sharing two-dimensional hexagonal lattice structure with graphene. What makes quartic dispersion special is that it has van-Hove singularity in its density of states near the band-edge. RKKY interaction is sensitive to the density of states because it depends on the number of electrons contributing spin exchange. Thus, the larger the number of electrons, the stronger the coupling. In this part, we tuned the Fermi level so that it lies on the DOS singularity and then we calculated the interaction strength as a function of R. We found a slowly decaying RKKY interaction for quartic dispersion. If the energy dispersion is pure quartic (i.e. E = ak4), we found the interaction strength depends on 1/(kf R) instead of 1/R which makes the RKKY interaction long range for arbitrarily small Fermi level.Master Thesis Spin-Spin Interactions of Magnetic Impurities in Graphene Nanoribbons(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Kolay, Anıl; Güçlü, Alev Devrim; Güçlü, Alev Devrim; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyIn this thesis, we investigate the interaction between two impurity adatoms with high magnetic moment which are located on zigzag graphene nanoribbons that consist of 10516 atoms. The magnetic adatoms communicate with other trough the host electrons such as Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) interactions. Firstly, in order to numerically calculate the two impurity Anderson model, we use quantum Monte Carlo technique. When the impurity adatoms are located far from edges, the results we obtained are consistent whit the bulk graphene results in the literature. On the other hand, the specific location and orientation of adatoms on the sublattices, significantly affects the spin-spin correlations of the two impurities. However, we observe that while the adatoms approach to the edges, significant differences occur due to the edge effect of zigzag graphene nanoribbon. As a results of this, we found that the magnetic correlations can be also enhanced if the adatoms belong to the same sublattice as the edga atoms, since the states of the adatoms hybridize with edge states. Moreover, we show that chaning chemical potential can crucially affect the magnitude of the correlations of the adatoms, and may lead to aphase transitions from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic or vice versa. Besides, we observe that when the width of the zigzag graphene nanoribbons is decreased, the spin-spin correlations are affected.On the other hand, we also calculated spin-spin correlations using mean-field approximation for themean-field Anderson model. We found that results significantly differ from quantum Monte Carlo results. In addition, when the electron-electron interations of he host atoms are taken into account, crucial differences are obtained at the impurity correlations.Master Thesis F (metric-Affine) Gravity: Disformal and Cross-Curvature Effects(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Samaner, Çağlar; Demir, Durmuş Ali; Demir, Durmuş Ali; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe present thesis consists of two main studies, in the first part, after giving a brief formulation of gravity theories on the metric, affine and metric-affine frameworks, we study the effects of the disformal coupling term \epsilon R_{\mu\nu} V^mu V^nu. We track the effects of disformal term up to field equations, then construct the Einstein tensor G_{\mu\nu} and subsequently identify an effective energy-momentum tensor T_{\mu\nu} to extract effective energy density and pressure. We conclude the first part by comparing the results of metric-affine disformal theory with metrical disformal theory. In the second part, we study the cosmological effects of cross-curvature theory with the functional F (R,R). We derive the both Friedmann equations with the general functional F (R, R) and compare our findings with the known F (R) theory results.Master Thesis Disorder Induced Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Graphene Quantum Dots(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Kul, Erdoğan Kul; Güçlü, Alev Devrim; Güçlü, Alev Devrim; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyIn this thesis, we aim to study magnetic properties of hexagonal shaped graphene quantum dots with armchair edge in the case of atomic collapse by modelling two vacancies on it. The measured relativistic electron transport property of the graphene allows us to observe the phenomenon called "atomic collapse" in a small energy scale which existence is proven theoretically before for atoms whose atomic number is higher than 170. First we modelled a Coulomb potential at the center of a hexagonal shaped and armchair edged GQD and examined by using tight-binding method. We obtain similar results with previous works. After that, we started to study magnetic properties of the dot by meanfield Hubbard method which includes spins into calculation. We modelled a vacancy close to the center of the dot and examined electronic and magnetic properties by MFH metod. Also we modelled two vacancies on the dot that we changed the distance between them and the direction respectively. Also by applying Coulomb potential at the center of the vacancies we examined magnetic behaviour at the atomic collapse regime. Also, we compared our results with the works obtained by using RKKY (Ruderman-Kittel- Kasuya-Yosida) interaction method which considers the indirect interactions of magnetic impurities that uses electrons of metallic substrates. We found that increasing Coulomb potential and increasing distance between the vacancies, reduces correlations of electrons around the vacancies. The ground state energy difference between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems, that proportional to interaction strength, shows similar behaviour that has been observed by using RKKY method. Also if we take out two atoms from the same sublattice and with the same spin property, changing Coulomb potential leads to ferromagnetic-anti-ferromagnetic phase transition, independent from the atomic collapse behaviour. Also we observed that there is no direct link between the magnetic transition and the energy difference of the vacancy states.Master Thesis Improvement of Transparent Conductive Hybrid Ito/Ag Electrodes by Electro-Annealing(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Uyanık, Zemzem; Uyanık, Zemzem; Aygün, Gülnur; Aygün Özyüzer, Gülnur; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 04. Faculty of ScienceHibrit ITO/Ag/ITO (IAI) ince film tabaka yapılarının optik ve elektriksel performansları, ITO ve Ag katmanı kalınlığının fonksiyonu olarak incelenmiştir. Hibrit IAI ince filmleri borosilikat cam üzerine oda sıcaklığında yüksek vakum altında dc mıknatıssal saçtırma yöntemi ile üretilmiştir. Hibrit yapıdaki ITO, Ag, ITO filmlerin kalınlığı düşük tabaka direncine ve yüksek optik geçirgenliğe sahip olacak şekilde ayarlanmıştır. ITO katmanları arasındaki gömülü metal Ag katmanı, 10 nm ile 25 nm arasında değişen kalınlıklarda kullanılmıştır. IAI tabakası analiz edildikten sonra IAI ince filmlerin kristalliğini iyileştirmek için elektro-tavlama uygulanmıştır ve elektrik akımının IAI ince filmler üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasıyla elektronik cihaz ömrünün arttırılması amaçlanmıştır. Elektro-tavlamanın endüstriyel uygulamalar için daha uygun bir teknik olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. IAI ince filmin yüzey direnci elektro-tavlama işleminden sonra 8.7 Ω/□ olarak bulunmuştur en yüksek geçirgenliğe ise 88.9% da ulaşılmıştır. Hibrit IAI ince filmlerin optoelektronik özellikleri, ITO film kristalliğini etkileyen ara katman olan metal Ag kalınlığına bağlıdır. Hibrit IAI ince filmlerinin yapısal özellikleri, CuK����� radyasyonuna sahip (�����=0.154 nm) X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) (Philips X'Pert Pro) ile tavlama sıcaklığının fonksiyonu olarak karakterize edilmiştir. IAI ince filmlerinin morfolojisi hakkında bilgi taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile elde edilmiştir. IAI ince filmin optik geçirgenliği 200-2600 nm dalga boyu aralığına sahip PerkinElmerLambda 950 UV/Vis/NIR Spektrofotometre ile ölçülmüştür. Yüzey direnci ölçümleri için Keithley 2424 kaynak metrisi kullanılarak dört nokta yöntemi uygulanmıştır.Master Thesis Monitoring the Diffusion and Degradation Characteristics of Crystals Via Raman Spectroscopy(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Akbalı, Barış; Şahin, Hasan; Şahin, Hasan; 04.04. Department of Photonics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyLamellar structures, having strong in-plane and weak (van der Waals) out-ofplane bonding, exhibit extraordinary properties when thinned down to their monolayer limit. Following the isolation of single layer graphene in 2004, there has been a rapid increase in the number of studies focusing on other novel two dimensional (2D) materials such as hexagonal Boron Nitride (BN), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), post transition metal chalcogenides (PTMCs), silicene and black-phosphorus. Doping of 2D and bulk crystals is a well-known strategy that may lead to novel functionalities and significantly alters materials’ electronic, optical, and magnetic properties. In this regard, understanding of diffusion characteristic of dopant in a crystal via computational simulation is vital to enlighten physical insights of the experiment. In addition, investigation of degradation mechanisms of crystals at atomic-level is also still open question. In this sense, the density functional theory (DFT) is one of the most powerful and commonly used methods for such theoretical investigations. Moreover, measuring vibrational spectra of a material via Raman spectroscopy is powerful method to understand atomic vibrations that give information about physical properties of a material. In this regards, we investigate diffusion characteristics and degradation mechanism of several crystal (such as, perovskites and MoS2) by means of first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). In addition, Raman measurements are also carried out to investigate vibrational properties of the crystals. It is shown that few-layer MoS2 can be used for selective nitrogenation of graphene. In addition, red shift in photoluminescence peak of water interacted CsPbBr3 nanowires arise from detachment of surface ligand from surface of nanowire by presense of water molecules. Lastly, time-dependent photoluminescence measurement of Mn-doped CsPbCl3 shows that change in emission color under UV illumination is due to segregation of Mn atoms towards crystal surface. This thesis provides some important results for deeper understanding of degradation and diffusion mechanisms of dopants in 2D materials and perovskites.Master Thesis Quantum Monte Carlo Study of the Multi-Orbital Anderson Model Including the Su(2) Invariant Hund's Coupling(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Öztarhan, Gökhan; Bulut, Nejat; Bulut, Nejat; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyIn this study, an SU(2) invariant multi-orbital Anderson impurity model is discussed to obtain the electronic properties of metalloproteins. Metalloproteins are organic molecules containing transition metal atoms. They have important roles in the chemical reactions taking place in organisms. The electronic properties of metalloproteins can be modeled by an effective Anderson impurity model. The effective Anderson impurity model can be studied with the quantum Monte Carlo algorithm developed by Hirsch and Fye (1986). In the quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the Anderson impurity model so far, only the longitudinal component of the Hund’s coupling term which arises from the Coulomb interactions between the 3d orbitals is taken into account. Spin-flip and pairhopping terms (the transverse terms of the Hund’s coupling) are not considered. They are required to make the Hamiltonian SU(2) invariant, which is related to the spin rotations, so that the Hamiltonian is more realistic. The treatment of the transverse Hund’s coupling with the Hirsch-Fye algorithm has been difficult because of the problems encountered in the Trotter decomposition. Instead, a series expansion method was developed by Sakai et al. (2006). Here, we combine the Hirsch-Fye quantum Monte Carlo algorithm with the series expansion method to study the SU(2) invariant multi-orbital Anderson impurity model. Therefore, we present results from quantum Monte Carlo simulations with the new algorithm.