Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Thermal Performance of Graphene Coating on Copper(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Ersavaş, Gizem; Toprak, Kasım; Çelebi, Cem; Toprak, Kasım; Çelebi, CemOver heat is always a problem for electronic devices because the locally generated heat cannot be transferred appropriately to the corresponding heat sink fast enough. This situation leads to affect materials’ structures, mechanical properties and conductivities badly. In order to avoid this problem, high thermal conductivity materials are used to dissipate the heat quickly. Thanks to the development of technology, the size of the electronic devices is reduced day by day. This also shrinks the size of the interconnect components. So this situation leads to researchers to investigate nano-sized interconnect components and copper, which is a widely used material, is one of them. Copper is one of the preferred metals for electronic devices because of high thermal conductivity, easy processability, and high use in daily life and industry. For example, copper components, which is used in electronic, are getting so thin and must carry so much current. And that causes to increase friction. Thus heat is occurred. Consequently, cooling problems have arisen. And if the material’s cooling problem won’t be solved then the material can be damaged. It is thought that to overcome this problem, coating with a high thermal conductivity material such as graphene, the thermal conductivity can be improved. In this study, thermal performance of graphene-coated copper were investigated numerically and experimentally. This study consist of two main sections. The first part, MD simulation code was created using C++ programming language to investigate thermal conductivity of copper, different number of graphene layers and these graphene layers were coated on copper in different length, width, height and temperature. In the second part, the thermal performance of pure copper, annealed copper, a layer of graphene-coated copper, and multilayer graphene-coated copper was studied by the experimental setup at three different temperatures and volume flow rates.Master Thesis Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzo-Bimane Derivatives(İzmir Institute of Technology, 2016) Zeybek, Hüseyin; Emrullahoğlu, Mustafa1,5-Diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octadienediones (shortly 9,10-dioxabimanes or "bimanes") are small heterocyclic structures which have important chemical, photochemical and photophysical properties. There are two existing structural isomers for bimane compounds ("syn" and "anti"). The syn-isomers have strong UV absorption properties and high quantum yields and are highly fluorescent. Bimane compounds are widely used for fluorescent labelling in biological systems because of their high photo-stability and bio-compatibility. Despite their unique properties, there is very few examples of study in literature. Because of synthetic difficulties of literature examples and their requirements such as hazardous chemicals, new methodologies are in high demand. In this study, new methods utilising metal catalysis for the effective synthesis of bimane compounds have been developed. Bimanes, which in the literature are synthesised with extreme difficulties and low yields, were synthesised in this work through simple and efficient protocols that employ metal, ligand and base. We further investigated the photophysical properties for all newly synthesized bimane derivatives. In the course of thesis study, a new and efficient method have been developed and optimised for the facile synthesis of benzo-bimane compound via the copper(I) catalyzed intramolecular C-N bond formation reaction. Moreover, with the aid of this new methodology, various analogues of benzo-bimane compound were synthesized in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions . Also, photophysical properties of benzo-bimanes were investigated carefully.Master Thesis Effects of Trace Elements on the Production of Baker's Yeast(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2002) Üzelyalçın, Berna; Harsa, Hayriye ŞebnemBaker.s yeast has been used widely in traditional bakeries to produce different kinds of baked products and for many biotechnological purposes. The principal raw materials used in producing baker.s yeast are the pure yeast culture and molasses. Cane molasses and beet molasses contain 45 to 55 % sugar in the forms of sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Molasses, which is a rich carbon and mineral source, contains most of the nutrients and minerals required for baker.s yeast production. Nutrients and trace elements (magnesium, copper and zinc) that are not present in sufficient quantities in molasesses are added to the fermentation medium. In this study, the effects of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ on baker.s yeast production were investigated. The method of Food Composition Laboratory (FCL), Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, US, was used for the preparation of the fermentation samples prior to ICP-AES analysis. The concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ were determined in the raw materials entering the fermentors and the products. FCL digestion method was evaluated on precision and accuracy; linear standard curves were obtained for the studied concentration ranges of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+. Standard addition curves for each element in 45 brix molasses and dry yeast samples were constructed and spike recovery percentages were calculated. High spike recovery percentages were obtained for all elements in both dry yeast and molasses with the FCL method. In industrial fermentations, uptakes of Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ by the yeast cells were calculated as mg/kg dry yeast at 4h time intervals. The uptake rates were evaluated based on the available element concentration in the medium and the uptake of the elements. Results showed that, as the uptake of Ca2+ increased with time, uptake of Mg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ decreased. The yeast cells used the available elements with decreasing uptake rates except Ca2+. During the first hours of fermentation, uptake rates were high. The maximum uptake rates observed for each element in two different industrial fermentations were: 17.73-23.32 mg Cu2+/ kg dry yeast cells , 195.64-413.46 mg Zn2+ / kg dry yeast cells, 2106.46-2051.74 mg Mg2+ / kg dry yeast cells. Ion concentrations of biomass in industrial fermentations revealed that same amounts of Mg were taken by the cell from the fermentation medium under similar conditions. This was verified by the studies done in lab-scale using pure culture of S.cerevisiae, grown on different concentrations of Mg2+. It was found that uptake of Mg2+ was constant and very close to the uptake values of industrial fermentations. 806.7 mM Mg2+ was taken by 1 kg of dry yeast cells. This is in agreement with the stated Mg2+ uptake concentration range 500-1000 mM of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in literature. In the industry, magnesium is added in the form of Mg.SO4.7H2O to the fermentation medium. SO42- ions coming from the MgSO4.7H2O cause settling problems in the waste treatment system of the plant. Generally, molasses contain sufficient concentration of Mg2+ ions required for baker.s yeast production in the industrial scale. Since Mg2+ has toxic effects at high concentrations and its addition is increasing the cost of the process and causing difficulties in the waste treatment of the plant, it may be concluded that addition of Mg2+ as MgSO4.7H2O to the fermentation medium should be done after determining the Mg2+ concentration of molasses. Instead of using excessive amounts of MgSO4.7H2O, only the required quantity should be added to the fermentation medium.