Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Modelling and Controlling of Hybrid Energy Systems With Hydrogen Storage(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Çağlar, Başar; Altın, Müfit; Çağlar, Başar; Altın, Müfit; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyHybrid renewable energy systems are gaining more attention for the problems like Global Warming and high CO2 emissions. Another topic that increases its popularity is hydrogen. Because it is a very good alternative fuel. In this work, every component of a basic Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) will be modeled and short-time simulations will be made for any transient response of individual components. MATLAB Simulink is used for every model and simulation. HRES includes a wind turbine, PV array, battery energy storage, and electrolyzer. The system is also grid-connected. Additionally, different control strategies are investigated, obtained, and created. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms for Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) and PV array were conducted. A control algorithm that combines the battery and the PV array was made and necessary circuits were designed. An overall model for different sizes and operations is created. One-day-long simulations were made for 11 different cases. The user can alter the overall model for different turbines, PV modules, and battery sizes. The total amount of hydrogen produced, energy generation, and consumption were observed for every case.Master Thesis Citation - Scopus: 21Multi-Objective Evolutionary Optimization of Photovoltaic Glass for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Consideration(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Kundakcı Koyunbaba, Başak; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyAs the industry has expanded and the population has increased recently, so have the World's energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Buildings are responsible for almost 40% of this consumption and emissions. They should be designed following energy-efficient and sustainable strategies. One of the most practical methods for increasing building energy efficiency and reducing environmental effects is building-integrated photovoltaic systems, which use solar energy to generate electricity on-site. This thesis explores the potential of photovoltaic glass technology in an architecture studio at the Izmir Institute of Technology Campus in Izmir, Turkey. The initial part of the study uses simulation modeling and field measurements in three scenarios to test the benefits of this technology in terms of thermal and lighting energy consumption and comfort levels. Scenarios included amorphous silicon thin-film modules in three transmittance values modeled in existing windows. Research findings propose that photovoltaic glasses have the potential to balance the room's lighting loads in a range between 15.1-and 20.3%. They improved occupant thermal and visual comfort by preventing overheating and glare risks. They also decreased cooling loads. Then, the study uses a genetic optimization algorithm to explore the optimum potential of the system in terms of annual energy consumption and daylight performance. Design variables are the window-to-wall ratio (i.e., window size and location) and amorphous-silicon thin-film solar cell transmittance to generate optimum Pareto-front solutions for the case building. Optimization objectives are minimizing annual thermal (i.e., heating and cooling) loads and maximizing Spatial Daylight Autonomy. Optimized results of Low-E semi-transparent amorphous-silicon photovoltaic modules applied on the window surface show that the Spatial Daylight Autonomy is increased to 82% with reduced glare risk and higher visual comfort for the occupants. Photovoltaic modules helped reduce the room's seasonal and annual lighting loads by up to 26.7%. Compared to non-optimized photovoltaic glass, they provide 23.2% more annual electrical energy.Master Thesis Desing Strategies for Solar Car Parks: a Case Study for Iztech Library Parking Lot(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020) Bursa, Enes; Sarı, Emre; Sarı, Emre; 04.04. Department of Photonics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe world’s need for renewable resources is growing as a result of the global climate crisis. In order to overcome this issue. The Paris Agreement was signed by the nations as a step for solution to this issue. In it, targets for future were set, and the nations pledged to meet these targets. Nowadays investments in energy production from renewable sources are increasing. When compared to 2019, the amount of energy produced from renewable sources grew by 12.5% in 2020. Photovoltaic systems are receiving more investment as a result of their growing efficiency. In 2020, photovoltaic system production climbed by 20.5 percent. Turkey is increasing their investment in photovoltaic systems. It is crucial for universities to be pioneers in energy production from renewable sources. The studies carried out by universities should be taken into account in terms of both increasing knowledge in this area and having people resource who are trained in it. In this study, the open parking area of the library building of the Izmir Institute of Technology were covered with a roof in order to simulate and analyze the installation of photovoltaic solar panels on the roof. These simulations and calculations were done using software called Enact Systems. PVWatts is utilized by Enact system for climate and photovoltaic calculations infrastructure. 560 panels have been installed on the 835 m2 covered parking lot. The installed power of the panels is 224 kW, and they can generate about 302 gWh of electricity annually. This amount is equal to 51% of library consumption. With this production, the amortization period of the investment is calculated as 8 years.Master Thesis Gis-Based Determination of Suitable Areas With Multi-Criteria Approach for Solar Power Plants and Assessment of Land Decisions: the Case Study of İzmir(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Demirkesen, Ali Can; Toprakcı, Nevin Selin; Demirkesen, Ali Can; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of ArchitectureThe need to energy has become an important reality for human life with the increase in living standards and population. İzmir has important renewable energy sources especially solar energy. Rapid urbanization and environmental problems due to internal migration after the 1960s have made renewable energy sources a priority because of the wrong implementations of urban policies in İzmir. In order to talk about energy potential, it is first necessary to talk about and analyze the land potential. It is necessary to determine the true criteria and methods for true analyzes of the suitable areas for efficiency and sustainability. The study presents a GIS-based approach to identify the most suitable area for Solar Power Plants (SPP) development in İzmir. The first suitability map includes 9 criteria. The last suitability map includes the first suitable map results and criteria of land capability class (10th criteria) using the same method. It can be said that the SPP installation is more suitable, especially the northern part of İzmir and districts of border. When the evaluation is compared, it can be said that İzmir has fertile lands and it should definitely be taken into account in energy projects. It also draws attention importance of land use decisions and legislation while choosing the suitable area from perspectives of planning. In addition, the current and potential solar energy area choices were evaluated together with the results which are produced for the study area in terms of land decisions and planning.Master Thesis Professionals' Awareness on the Application and Use of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020) Tüten, Aysen; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of ArchitectureIn this thesis research, broad definition of solar energy, photovoltaic systems and building integrated photovoltaic systems, their application forms, usage in building subcomponents and examples on the usage of building integrated photovoltaic systems are involved. By the application of the survey method, the awareness of professionals on the application and use of photovoltaic systems integrated into the building were examined. This questionnaire consists of 3 sections: the general definition of solar energy (A), the general description of photovoltaics integrated into the building (B), and the application of integrated photovoltaics to the building (C). The survey questions consist of multiple choice, matching questions, true-false questions and interpretation questions. The responses given to the questionnaire were analyzed in terms of the number of participants and percentage based by comparing them tabularly and diagrammatically. The importance of the study is to enable practitioners, academics, architects and engineers to realize their knowledge about BIPV systems, to understand the importance of these systems in terms of energy efficient design approach and to encourage them to use these systems in their projects. And thus, spreading the use of BIPV in our country and all over the world, leading them to realize the energy efficient design approach. In the first chapter; after the general introduction of the subject of the thesis, problem description, research objective, thesis content and methodology are mentioned. In the second chapter; the definition and technical problems of BIPV systems, usage areas of BIPV, case buildings, performance evaluations, market opportunities and applicability are mentioned. In the third chapter; the methodology section is included that consist of general information about the survey, survey questions and content, preselected buildings for the survey, information about the participants. In the fourth chapter; the results and analysis of the questionnaire, the comparison of the responses of the participants and the evaluation of the results, the comparison of the participant information and the literature information, and the evaluation of the results are included. The fifth chapter is devoted to results and evaluations.Master Thesis Efficiency Studies of Cu2znsns2 Thin Film Solar Cell(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Meriç, Ece; Aral, Gürcan; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Aral, Gürcan; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyCu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a promising candidate as an absorber layer for thin film solar cells due to not only its low cost but also nontoxic properties contrary to alternative materials such as CdTe and Cu(In,Ge)Se2 (CIGS). Recently, CZTS and similar chalcogenides have attracted remarkable attention because of their suitable properties. In my thesis; I studied the efficiency of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells for various stoichiometric cases. Besides, the effect of back contact, buffer layer thickness and sulfurization time were investigated. CZTS thin films were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering method on Molybdenum (Mo) coated Soda Lime Glass (SLG) and Ti foil substrates. Cu, Sn, Zn, Cu layers were, respectively, deposited on the substrates, and then sulfurization process was followed as the second step in the growth process to obtain a desirable CZTS formation. The as grown CZTS structure was investigated using Raman and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the surface morphology of the films. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to define the chemical structure of the surface of the films. Next, a CdS buffer layer was deposited on CZTS absorber layer using CBD method at 85oC for varying times (60, 75 and 90 min). Then, ZnO and Al doped ZnO (AZO) layers were deposited on CdS. J-V curves were obtained for SLG/Mo/CZTS/CdS/ZnO/AZO solar cell structure. The photovoltaic characteristic of solar cells was studied and their dependence on CdS deposition time were found. Among all the device we produced, the highest efficiency was obtained for the device with the lowest CdS deposition time. In addition; effect of sulfurization time on the solar cell conversion efficiency was studied.Master Thesis Temperature Dependence of Resistivity and Hall Coefficient in Cu2znsns4 Absorbers for Thin Film Solar Cells(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) Akça, Fatime Gülşah; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Aygün Özyüzer, Gülnur; Özyüzer, Lütfi; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technologyenergy is the most powerful clean energy source to act on the current energy needing all over the world. The utilization of green energy systems should be promoted since these energy systems benefit consumers, industry and the environment effectively for the developing countries. This advancement can be solely achieved if renewable energy sources become more accessible. It means that not only cheaper but also handy clean energy systems are needed. In spite of relatively high efficiency obtained by using c-Si, Si solar modules require high budget for manufacturing. The high production cost of c-Si, PV industry is lead to search for cheaper candidate materials like Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) as absorber layer in solar cells. The aim of the thesis is to investigate electrical properties of CZTS p-type intrinsic semiconductor compound on soda lime glass substrates, including the temperature dependent electrical conductivity, carrier concentrations and mobility extracted from Hall Effect measurements. Firstly, the metal precursor films were fabricated in multi-target sputtering system, then they were sulfurized inside the tubular furnace in order to obtain the CZTS compound. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed the formation of kesterite structure. A good crystallinity and grain compactness of the films were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrical properties were measured by van der Pauw techniques. Hall effect measurements showed the p-type semiconductor behavior for all samples at room temperature. Also, optical properties including absorption coefficient, spectral transmission, and optical band gap were determined to characterize CZTS thin films.Master Thesis Hybrid Energy Capacity of Turkey for Small and Micro Scale Energy Production(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) Yıldız, Mustafa; Bingöl, Ferhat; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden; Bingöl, Ferhat; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyTurkish state has opened a new possibility on investing small or micro scale energy production without license in 2014. This is a new step in Turkish energy market and two renewable energy sources are considered to be the main interest; wind and solar. Although there are studies covering both technology separately, currently there is no hybrid system assessment methodology and results for the country. This thesis aims to create a quantified hybrid energy capacity of Turkey. The study will include total energy capacity of a given location based on small scale wind and solar and furthermore would be able to suggest an optimum balance between these two sources to get the maximum production capacity out. The study does not cover areas that such investment cannot be done; environmental protected areas, historical places, city centers etc.Master Thesis 3d-Printed Multiprobe Analysis System for Solar Fuel Research; Design, Fabrication and Testing(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016) Harmanlı, İpek; Karabudak, Engin; Ebil, Özgenç; Karabudak, Engin; Ebil, Özgenç; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyMethods of generating electricity with unlimited, clean and cheap energy from solar energy are tried to be investigated and developed in practical and theoretical academic fields. Especially, photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) systems have been identified as the main method in this study as well as in many studies due to the advantages provided by production of solar fuels from water. In this research, a study was carried out on the alternatives of the both used experimental set-up and used photocatalytic material for PWS systems. A study has been carried out on both the used experimental setup and the used photocatalytic material alternatives in PWS systems. As an alternative experimental setup that allows small volume analysis for PWS by Unisense gas microsensors, a mini photoreactor was designed using 3-D drawing and printing techniques and its usability was tested for PWS applications. Moreover, some characterization results for the electronic band structure and the band gap of the lead (II) trioxovanadate (V) chloride [PbVO3Cl] crystal, which was discovered by Eanes and co-workers in 2007 at IZTECH, was introduced in this study by not only theoretical (DFT approximations; LDA, GGA and HSE06) but also experimental (XRD, Diffuse Reflectance Method- Tauc Plot, Raman Spectroscopy, Four Probe) methods. Also, its estimated theoretical price and its potential for future application in tandem solar fuel device as a photoanode in combination with Si photocathode was calculated and discussed. The results showed that the designed mini photoreactor system is an open to development apparatus that is suitable for PWS, besides, PbVO3Cl has an "indirect transition" band structure and a band energy of ~ 2.2 eV. Although it did not give an effective result in PWS applications done by the designed mini photoreactor, it can be said that it is a semiconductor which is worth studying and developing in detail for other researches in this field due to the compatibility of its band energy amount and optical properties for PWS.Master Thesis Optimization of a Hybrid Combination of a Photovoltaic Syste and a Wind Energy Conversion System: Izmir Institute of Technology Campus Area Case(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Ekren, Orhan; Özerdem, Barış; Özerdem, Mehmet Barış; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyRenewable energy resources have gained the great importance due to the growing concerns of environmental problems. The integrated utilization of renewable energies such assolar and wind are becoming very attractive, especially, in most of the isolated and remote areas in many parts of the world.In the present study, firstly, wind and solar radiation measurements, made on Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH) Campus area, have been analyzed in order to determine the, both, solar and wind energy potentials of the location. The monthly average wind speeds range from 5.7 m/s to 7.7 m/s, the monthly average of daily values of solar radiation range from 2.1 kWh/m2 to 5.7 kWh/m2 at the monitoring station throughout the measurement period of 12 months between 01.01.2002 and 31.12.2002.Secondly, a procedure is described which determines the hybrid system parameters such as photovoltaic (PV) array area and rotor swept area of wind turbine while satisfying a specific load distribution. The employed method is a graphical construction to figure out the optimum configuration of the generators that satisfies the energy demand mentioned above.