Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Oküler Yüzey Skuamöz Hücreli Neoplazilerin Erken Tanısında Optik Spektroskopi Tekniklerin Potansiyelinin Araştırılması(2025) Çavuş, Ali Özenç; Güler, Günnur; Onay, Melis PalamarOküler yüzey skuamöz hücreli neoplazi (OYSHN), göz yüzeyinde skuamöz epitel hücrelerinin anormal büyümesini içeren geniş ve çeşitli bir hastalık spektrumunu kapsar. Bu hastalıklardan bazıları konjonktival intraepitelyal neoplazi (CIN) veya oküler yüzeyin skuamöz hücreli karsinomudur (SCC). OYSHN hastalıkları arasında, SCC nadir görülen (rare disease) bir kanser çeşidi olmasına karşın CIN en yaygın görülen konjonktival neoplazidir. CIN gözün epitel tabakasını etkileyen fakat epitel bazal membranı aşmayan konjonktiva epitel hücre displazisidir. OYSHN hastalığının teşhis ve tedavi yöntemleri arasında en sık kullanılan yöntem, lezyonu tespit edebilmek için, floresan, lizamin yeşili veya rose bengal kullanılarak yapılan oftalmik muayene yöntemidir. Son yıllarda, ön segment Optik Koherans Tomografi tetkikinin kullanıma girmesiyle tanıda yardımcı olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Ancak, bu prosedürlerin uygulanmasında ve değerlendirilmesinde uzman kişilere gereksinim duyulması, invaziv olması, boyama ve etiketleme gerektirmesi, maliyetinin yüksek olması, sonuçlarının ve raporlarının uzun vakit alması gibi dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. Buna karşın, optik spektroskopi (FTIR, Raman) tekniklerinde kullanılmak üzere oluşturulan olan protokoller/yöntemler hızlı, hassas, düşük maliyetli, etiketsiz (label-free), az miktarda numune gerektirmesi (2-5 uL), sarf malzemeye ihtiyaç olmadan ve numune hazırlamaya gerek kalmadan veya zahmetsizce kısa numune hazırlığı ile kullanımı kolay olması gibi birçok avantajlara sahiptirler. Bu çalışma, hastalığın tanısında ve erken teşhisinde titreşim spektroskopisi ve çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizlerin kullanımını desteklemektedir. Bu çalışmada oküler yüzey skuamöz hücreli neoplazi hastalarından alınan gözyaşı sıvılarının moleküler içeriklerinin sağlıklı bireylerin gözyaşı sıvılarından farklı olduğu gösterilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Oküler yüzey skuamöz hücreli neoplasi, İnsan gözyaşı sıvısı, Kızılötesi spektroskopisi, Raman spektroskopisiMaster Thesis The Development of Chemometric Methods Based on Molecular Spectroscopy for the Standardization of Production Processes and Product Traceability of Personal Care and Cleaning Products(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Çiftçi İlmek, Berfu; Özdemir, DurmuşPersonal care and cleaning products are the main consumer goods. Changes in our heath caused by all of the chemicals that we exposed to everyday if these products are not produced according to the regulations and determined formulations. Because of this reason, quality control of the product formulation quantitatively is very important. There are some analytical methods for the determination of anion active matter, nonionic matter and total active matter in the product mixture. However, these techniques are expensive and do not give accurate results. The purpose of this thesis principally based on development of rapid, accurate and practical infrared spectroscopic technique based on multivariate chemometrics data analysis methods for the standardization of production processes and product traceability of personal care and cleaning products. In this thesis, two different products are studied which are namely liquid soap and shower gel. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy coupled with Attenuated Total Reflectance accessory based chemometrics multivariate calibration models were developed for the quantitative determination of liquid soap and shower gel compounds. Genetic Inverse Least Squares was used as the chemometrics method for the development of multivariate calibration models in the quantitative determination of liquid soap and shower gel compositions. Standard error of cross validation and standard error of prediction values for content of the liquid soap samples were found 0.26% and 0.21 % (w/w %), respectively. Standard error of cross validation and standard error of prediction values for content of the shower gel samples were found 0.27 % and 0.30 % (w/w %), respectively.Master Thesis Determination of Total Acid Number in the Optimization of Oleate Production by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Toygar Türkün, Nihan; Özdemir, DurmuşPolyethylene glycol oleate (PEG-Oleate) is a non-ionic surfactant, and is an important emulsifier for water-oil systems. It is produced by reacting oleic acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG) under vacuum for around 4 hours and at 160 °C, in the presence of acid catalyst which is para toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA). The quality and process control of this production is determination of total acid number (TAN) by the standard method ASTM D974 which is a color indicator titration. Although titration is a simple method, it is relatively time consuming and prone to human error. Besides, the solvents used in titration method, are significantly unhealthy for humans. The aim of this study is to develop fast and simple procedure for the determination of total acid number based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with multivariate calibration methods namely Genetic Inverse Least Squares (GILS) and Partial Least Squares (PLS). The reference total acid number of the samples collected during the esterification reaction, had been carried out by the ASTM D974 standart method and the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of the same samples were also collected simultaneously with single reflection diamond Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) accessory. Univariate calibration was applied on a specific wavenumber corresponding to the ester peak around 1739 cm–1. Although the changes in the ester peak was showing an inrease associated to the esterification of the reactants, the results of the univariate calibration was unsucsesful. The best regression coefficient was found to be 0.997 by GILS method along with SECV and SEP as 2.295 and 2.694 mg KOH/g, respectively. The results of GILS showed that it is possible to monitor esterification process of PEG oleate.Master Thesis Differentiation of Filamentous Fungi by Polymerase Chain Reaction (pcr) and Fourier Transform Infrared (ftir) Spectroscopy(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) Güngör, Sinem; Baysal, Ayşe HandanFourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is considered to be a rapid, reliable, sensitive, and a cost-effective technique, which could be used as an efficient tool for microorganism identification. Since bio-molecules, such as lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, have their own unique ‘vibrational’ fingerprints and characteristic functional groups, which correspond to specific infrared light frequencies, FTIR spectrum obtained for any compound gives the information on the unique ‘fingerprint’. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of FTIR spectroscopy for differentiating different species of filamentous fungi. In this study, Erkence cultivar olives which were collected from different orchards were used for different fungal strain isolation. The fungi isolates were grown on Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and Czapek Yeast Agar (CYA) at room temperature of 25ºC for 10 days. 15 different genera and 53 species were identified by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and characterized in terms of DNA sequencing. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to 71 species as a novel technique to identify fungi. 18 pre-defined species that were collected fom previous studies, were also used for FTIR spectroscopy investigation. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using a principal component analysis (PCA). FTIR spectroscopy provides a potentially powerful approach to differentiate filamentous fungi.Master Thesis Real-Time Pcr as a Molecular Tool for the Enumeration of Probiotics in Commercial Products(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016) Öz, Ödül; Baysal, Ayşe Handan; Arslanoğlu, AlperQuantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) assays targeting the 16S rDNA was developed as a genus and species specific detection tool for Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, respectively. Standard curves were established to quantify these probiotic bacteria. The linear regression of standard curves indicated high correlations between the log numbers of pure probiotic culture cells and the Ct values. The assay had a high efficiency and the limit of detection was estimated to be 1.54 ng DNA (corresponding to 104 cells). Results show that qPCR method may be very useful as a rapid, sensitive and specific tool for detecting and quantifying B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and L. acidophilus LA-5 in probiotic supplements. FTIR spectroscopy was used for the first time to determine the ratios of different microorganisms in commercial probiotic supplements. FTIR analysis was also performed for the pure probiotic cultures of B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and L. acidophilus LA-5. Results obtained in this study showed that FTIR spectroscopy is potentially a rapid method for determining probiotic cell components and their ratios in the supplements and verification their detection and identification.