Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008

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2009 - 200912010 - 20155

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Language: search.filters.language.enSubject: search.filters.subject.Plant genetics

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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Master Thesis
    Characterization of Pollen-E1 Gene Might Play Role in Salt Tolerance in Beta Maritima
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2015) Uysal, Özge; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Salinity stress has a negative impact on the growth of plants, which affects homeostasis and productivity. The uptake of non-essential salt ions change the osmotic balance of the cell and cause dehydration. Higher plants develop salt tolerance mechanisms to avoid dehydration. In this project, we isolated and characterized salt tolerance genes in Beta maritima plant. For this purpose, functional genomics technique was used by over expressing cDNAs in yeast and colonies can grow toxic salt media isolated and characterized. We found several colonies and we focused on uncharacterized Pollen-E1 gene with an unknown function. Pollen-E1 cDNA confers salt tolerance to yeast cells. Intracellular sodium measurements of Pollen-E1 overexpressed in yeast cells showed decreased salt levels as compared to wild type suggesting that sodium was transported out of the cell. Pollen-E1 protein localized in endomembrane systems in the yeast cells. In mRNA expression analysis, Pollen-E1 mRNA levels induced immediately in leaves and later stages in root systems under salt stress. Our results showed that is the uncharacterized and unknown function Pollen-E1 gene might have some role of regulating salt tolerance in Beta maritima.
  • Master Thesis
    Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of Drought Tolerance in Chickpea
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2012) Keskin, Hilal; Frary, Anne; Frary, Anne; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum cv. Gokce.) is an agronomically and economically significant plant for Turkey. It is successfully grown under severe drought conditions which limit the growth of other plants. It is generally affected by terminal drought which causes retardation of flowering and decreases yield in Mediterranean and subtropical climates. The aim of this study was to determine significant factors which can be used to identify chickpea plant tolerance to drought stress. With this objective we assessed physiological (fresh and dry weight, relative and real water content) and biochemical (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, malondialdehyde, total protein and phytohormone contents) parameters which were used to measure the impact of drought on chickpea. To determine drought's effects, we collected stressed (drought treated) and control (non drought treated) samples from the chickpea cultivar Gokce. Results showed that both fresh and dry weights of plants increased while real and relative water contents of plants decreased under drought stress. There was an increase in both malondialdehyde (MDA) and total protein contents under drought stress. Furthermore, glutathione reductase (GR) and catalese (CAT) enzyme activity increased in drought treated plants whereas guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity decreased. Moreover, contents of indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) increased in all tissue parts while contents of salicylic acid (SA), gibberellic acid (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) increased in specific plant tissue parts during drought treatment. In conclusion it is obvious that all of these characters play essential roles in the drought tolerance of plants.
  • Master Thesis
    Development of Molecular Markers Linked To Me1 Gene Conferring Resistance To Nematode in Pepper
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2012) Öztürk, Leyla; Doğanlar, Sami; Doğanlar, Sami; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) belongs to family Solanaceae. It is an agronomically important plant originating from Mexico. Pepper yield, quality and growth are limited by plant nematode parasitism. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are the most damaging sedentary endoparasites. M. incognita race 2 is the most common root-knot nematode found in Turkey. The Me1 gene which confers resistance to M. incognita was mapped in pepper to a 28 cM interval on chromosome 9. The aim of this study was to develop molecular markers linked to this nematode resistance gene. Phenotypic characterization of nematode resistance was performed for 200 F2 individuals from the cross between resistant pepper cultivar PM217 and Turkish susceptible cultivar AZN-1. In the F2 individuals, 151 plants (76%) were evaluated as resistant, 49 plants (24%) were susceptible. Markers were tested on parents of the mapping population to identify polymorphisms. A total of 30 standard markers and 548 new marker combinations were tested. Of these 578 markers, 75 (13%) were polymorphic. They were applied to F2 population and 28 (37%) showed clear segregation on F2 population. Eighteen of the markers (64%) segregated dominantly, 10 of the markers (36%) segregated codominantly. Markers located near Me1 on chromosome 9 were used for the construction of a linkage map. Out of three markers, SCAR_CD was the nearest marker to Me1 gene with a distance of 1.1 cM. These markers will provide selection at the genotypic level by marker-assisted selection, which will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of pepper breeding for nematode resistance.
  • Master Thesis
    Identification and Characaterization of Nickel Tolerance Genes in Beta Maritima
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2009) Bozdağ, Gönensin Ozan; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Nickel is an essential micronutrient for plant growth. However, an excess amount of nickel is toxic for plants and animals. The Beta maritima plant which is known crop as salt and manganese tolerant nature. In this study, we aimed to identify nickel detoxification metabolism genes of Beta maritima by screening plant.s overexpressed cDNA library in yeast cells. After initial screening, three transformants were isolated that were able to grow in the presence of toxic nickel concentration. After the sequence analyses, three genes were named as NIC3, NIC6 and NIC8. We tested the growth rates of the yeast cells those were overexpressing cDNAs in solid mediums and showed similar nickel detoxification patterns. Then intracellular nickel concentrations were measured to see whether mentioned cDNAs pump nickel out of the cell or not. We also analysed the gene expression levels of NIC3 and NIC6 genes after appllying nickel stress to the plants to see the relations between nickel treatment and transcription changes of these two genes. Our data suggest that NIC3, NIC6 and NIC8 genes, besides their other functions, confer yeast cells nickel tolerance and may play roles in heavy metal detoxification for plant cells.
  • Master Thesis
    Determination of Genetic Diversity of Turkish Sesamum (sesamum Indicum L.) by Using Aflp Markers
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Tekin, Pelin; Doğanlar, Sami; Doğanlar, Sami; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) belongs to the Pedaliaceae family. It is an important oil seed crop which is cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia and Africa. China is the largest producer of sesame seed in the world while Turkey ranks seventh and produces 21036 tonnes of sesame seed in a year. Although sesame's edible seed and high quality seed oil are important for both humans and the economy, there is not enough information about the sesame genome in the literature. Our aim was to determine the diversity of 158 Turkish sesame accessions by using the AFLP marker system and to design a new set of sesame-specific SSR markers from genomic sequence of S. indicum. The Turkish sesame accessions were tested with five AFLP primer combinations, as a result, 148 polymorphic fragments were obtained. The maximum similarity was 57% for the accessions and a good level of diversity was present in the sesame germplasm. Secondly, a genomic library of sesame was constructed. A total of 1.094.317 reads were obtained and 702.371 of them were clustered to 140.669 reads containing 93.365 nucleotides. A total of 3101 primer pairs were developed from flanking regions of SSRs with primers for dinucleotide (36,4%), tetranucleotide (29,3%), trinucleotide (23,1%), pentanucleotide (7,1%), and hexanucleotide (4,2%) repeats. These primers are the first genomic-SSR markers developed for sesame cultivars. SSRs have good reproducibility, high genome coverage, co-dominant inheritance, good transferability to close species and are multiallelic. The designed genomic-SSRs should be very useful for sesame mapping and diversity studies.
  • Master Thesis
    Identification and Characterization of Manganese Tolerance Genes in Beta Vulgaris Subsp. Maritima
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Erbaşol, Işıl; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Manganese is an essential element for higher organisms however uptake of excess amount of manganese causes toxicity. Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, the member of Chenopodiaceae family, is known to tolerate high concentration of sodium. Due to its living conditions, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima adapted many different stress conditions. Therefore it is an ideal plant for studying plant tolerance mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to identify the genes which are responsible for manganese tolerance in Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima by screening its cDNA library in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. After initial screening in the presence of toxic manganese concentration; 2,7mM MnCl2, three resistant yeast colonies were selected. After the sequence and similarity analysis, two genes which might involve in manganese tolerance were identified and named as BmMn1 and BmMn2. The results of solid media tests with different yeast strains which transformed with the genes revealed that BmMn1 provides a remarkable manganese tolerance like BmMn2 and slightly nickel tolerance. They do not show tolerance to other metals such as zinc, cadmium, boron and cobalt. Identified manganese concentrations in pmr1 yeast strainstransformed with BmMn1, BmMn2 or empty vector pointed that BmMn1 and BmMn2 transport excess manganese out of the cell. In addition, GFP localization in the yeast cell proved that the BmMn1 and BmMn2 are located in Golgi apparatus. qRT-PCR analyses of Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima which was exposed to 2mM Mn2+ suggested a dynamic regulation for the expression of these two genes. The results indicate that BmMn1 and BmMn2 have a role in detoxification of excess amount of manganese in Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima.