Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Desing Strategies for Solar Car Parks: a Case Study for Iztech Library Parking Lot(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020) Bursa, Enes; Sarı, Emre; Sarı, Emre; 04.04. Department of Photonics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe world’s need for renewable resources is growing as a result of the global climate crisis. In order to overcome this issue. The Paris Agreement was signed by the nations as a step for solution to this issue. In it, targets for future were set, and the nations pledged to meet these targets. Nowadays investments in energy production from renewable sources are increasing. When compared to 2019, the amount of energy produced from renewable sources grew by 12.5% in 2020. Photovoltaic systems are receiving more investment as a result of their growing efficiency. In 2020, photovoltaic system production climbed by 20.5 percent. Turkey is increasing their investment in photovoltaic systems. It is crucial for universities to be pioneers in energy production from renewable sources. The studies carried out by universities should be taken into account in terms of both increasing knowledge in this area and having people resource who are trained in it. In this study, the open parking area of the library building of the Izmir Institute of Technology were covered with a roof in order to simulate and analyze the installation of photovoltaic solar panels on the roof. These simulations and calculations were done using software called Enact Systems. PVWatts is utilized by Enact system for climate and photovoltaic calculations infrastructure. 560 panels have been installed on the 835 m2 covered parking lot. The installed power of the panels is 224 kW, and they can generate about 302 gWh of electricity annually. This amount is equal to 51% of library consumption. With this production, the amortization period of the investment is calculated as 8 years.Master Thesis Efficiency Studies of Cu2znsns2 Thin Film Solar Cell(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Meriç, Ece; Aral, Gürcan; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Aral, Gürcan; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyCu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a promising candidate as an absorber layer for thin film solar cells due to not only its low cost but also nontoxic properties contrary to alternative materials such as CdTe and Cu(In,Ge)Se2 (CIGS). Recently, CZTS and similar chalcogenides have attracted remarkable attention because of their suitable properties. In my thesis; I studied the efficiency of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells for various stoichiometric cases. Besides, the effect of back contact, buffer layer thickness and sulfurization time were investigated. CZTS thin films were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering method on Molybdenum (Mo) coated Soda Lime Glass (SLG) and Ti foil substrates. Cu, Sn, Zn, Cu layers were, respectively, deposited on the substrates, and then sulfurization process was followed as the second step in the growth process to obtain a desirable CZTS formation. The as grown CZTS structure was investigated using Raman and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the surface morphology of the films. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to define the chemical structure of the surface of the films. Next, a CdS buffer layer was deposited on CZTS absorber layer using CBD method at 85oC for varying times (60, 75 and 90 min). Then, ZnO and Al doped ZnO (AZO) layers were deposited on CdS. J-V curves were obtained for SLG/Mo/CZTS/CdS/ZnO/AZO solar cell structure. The photovoltaic characteristic of solar cells was studied and their dependence on CdS deposition time were found. Among all the device we produced, the highest efficiency was obtained for the device with the lowest CdS deposition time. In addition; effect of sulfurization time on the solar cell conversion efficiency was studied.Master Thesis Temperature Dependence of Resistivity and Hall Coefficient in Cu2znsns4 Absorbers for Thin Film Solar Cells(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) Akça, Fatime Gülşah; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Aygün Özyüzer, Gülnur; Özyüzer, Lütfi; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technologyenergy is the most powerful clean energy source to act on the current energy needing all over the world. The utilization of green energy systems should be promoted since these energy systems benefit consumers, industry and the environment effectively for the developing countries. This advancement can be solely achieved if renewable energy sources become more accessible. It means that not only cheaper but also handy clean energy systems are needed. In spite of relatively high efficiency obtained by using c-Si, Si solar modules require high budget for manufacturing. The high production cost of c-Si, PV industry is lead to search for cheaper candidate materials like Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) as absorber layer in solar cells. The aim of the thesis is to investigate electrical properties of CZTS p-type intrinsic semiconductor compound on soda lime glass substrates, including the temperature dependent electrical conductivity, carrier concentrations and mobility extracted from Hall Effect measurements. Firstly, the metal precursor films were fabricated in multi-target sputtering system, then they were sulfurized inside the tubular furnace in order to obtain the CZTS compound. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed the formation of kesterite structure. A good crystallinity and grain compactness of the films were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrical properties were measured by van der Pauw techniques. Hall effect measurements showed the p-type semiconductor behavior for all samples at room temperature. Also, optical properties including absorption coefficient, spectral transmission, and optical band gap were determined to characterize CZTS thin films.Master Thesis Hybrid Energy Capacity of Turkey for Small and Micro Scale Energy Production(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) Yıldız, Mustafa; Bingöl, Ferhat; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden; Bingöl, Ferhat; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyTurkish state has opened a new possibility on investing small or micro scale energy production without license in 2014. This is a new step in Turkish energy market and two renewable energy sources are considered to be the main interest; wind and solar. Although there are studies covering both technology separately, currently there is no hybrid system assessment methodology and results for the country. This thesis aims to create a quantified hybrid energy capacity of Turkey. The study will include total energy capacity of a given location based on small scale wind and solar and furthermore would be able to suggest an optimum balance between these two sources to get the maximum production capacity out. The study does not cover areas that such investment cannot be done; environmental protected areas, historical places, city centers etc.Master Thesis 3d-Printed Multiprobe Analysis System for Solar Fuel Research; Design, Fabrication and Testing(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016) Harmanlı, İpek; Karabudak, Engin; Ebil, Özgenç; Karabudak, Engin; Ebil, Özgenç; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyMethods of generating electricity with unlimited, clean and cheap energy from solar energy are tried to be investigated and developed in practical and theoretical academic fields. Especially, photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) systems have been identified as the main method in this study as well as in many studies due to the advantages provided by production of solar fuels from water. In this research, a study was carried out on the alternatives of the both used experimental set-up and used photocatalytic material for PWS systems. A study has been carried out on both the used experimental setup and the used photocatalytic material alternatives in PWS systems. As an alternative experimental setup that allows small volume analysis for PWS by Unisense gas microsensors, a mini photoreactor was designed using 3-D drawing and printing techniques and its usability was tested for PWS applications. Moreover, some characterization results for the electronic band structure and the band gap of the lead (II) trioxovanadate (V) chloride [PbVO3Cl] crystal, which was discovered by Eanes and co-workers in 2007 at IZTECH, was introduced in this study by not only theoretical (DFT approximations; LDA, GGA and HSE06) but also experimental (XRD, Diffuse Reflectance Method- Tauc Plot, Raman Spectroscopy, Four Probe) methods. Also, its estimated theoretical price and its potential for future application in tandem solar fuel device as a photoanode in combination with Si photocathode was calculated and discussed. The results showed that the designed mini photoreactor system is an open to development apparatus that is suitable for PWS, besides, PbVO3Cl has an "indirect transition" band structure and a band energy of ~ 2.2 eV. Although it did not give an effective result in PWS applications done by the designed mini photoreactor, it can be said that it is a semiconductor which is worth studying and developing in detail for other researches in this field due to the compatibility of its band energy amount and optical properties for PWS.Master Thesis Optimization of a Hybrid Combination of a Photovoltaic Syste and a Wind Energy Conversion System: Izmir Institute of Technology Campus Area Case(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Ekren, Orhan; Özerdem, Barış; Özerdem, Mehmet Barış; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyRenewable energy resources have gained the great importance due to the growing concerns of environmental problems. The integrated utilization of renewable energies such assolar and wind are becoming very attractive, especially, in most of the isolated and remote areas in many parts of the world.In the present study, firstly, wind and solar radiation measurements, made on Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH) Campus area, have been analyzed in order to determine the, both, solar and wind energy potentials of the location. The monthly average wind speeds range from 5.7 m/s to 7.7 m/s, the monthly average of daily values of solar radiation range from 2.1 kWh/m2 to 5.7 kWh/m2 at the monitoring station throughout the measurement period of 12 months between 01.01.2002 and 31.12.2002.Secondly, a procedure is described which determines the hybrid system parameters such as photovoltaic (PV) array area and rotor swept area of wind turbine while satisfying a specific load distribution. The employed method is a graphical construction to figure out the optimum configuration of the generators that satisfies the energy demand mentioned above.Master Thesis Experiment Station To Observe the Solar Charge Station Behaviour for a Year Period(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Tatar, Farah; Atagündüz, Gürbüz; Atagündüz, Gürbüz; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe main purpose of this project is to set-up an experiment station, which will investigate the behavior of a portable "Solar Charge Station" that charges electric or hybrid vehicles, which work at the city centers.The solar charge station is constructed on Classrooms Building in Engineering Faculty of Izmir Institute of Technology. Sixteen monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules having the dimensions of 1.293mx 0.329mx 0.034m and 55W power rating are used as the photovoltaic generator of the solar charge station. Modules are mounted as if they create an .Omega Shape. which gives its name to the station (Omega Type Solar Charge Station). Vertical and tilted reflectors are used to enhance the electricity generation. Generated electricity is used to charge a lead acid battery, which is protected by five solar charge regulators in order to prevent discharging and overcharging. 50 W halogen lamps working with direct current are chosen as the loads. The system is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical results have shown that Omega Type Solar Charge Station generates more or less steady electricity, approximately 240 MJ through a year period. The reflectors operate better in winter than in summer, theoretically. According to the stations shape, it uses less space on rooftops. Experiments have shown that efficiency of the charge station during summer is considerably high. The efficiencies calculated by using direct solar radiation on inclined surface is 31.65315%, for the experiment on 21.08.2003, 27.90379% for the experiment carried out without reflectors on 11.09.2003 and 35.70939% for the experiment carried out with optimum inclination angles for September, on 12.09.2003.Omega shape of the station and the reflectors increase the efficiency more or less 3% in Omega shape of the station and the reflectors increase the efficiency more or less 3% in cost of the station if the energy gain is considered.Master Thesis A Study on Combination of Electrical Heater, Exhaust Air Heat Recovery Unit and Solar Energy Assisted System for Building Ventilation(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2012) Özyoğurtçu, Gamze; Mobedi, Moghtada; Mobedi, Moghtada; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyA study on the ventilation of a building by using solar energy, a heat recovery unit and electrical heater (if it is needed) is performed. The heat recovery unit is used to increase temperature of fresh air by using thermal energy of the return air. Then, the thermal energy stored in a sensible tank is employed to increase the temperature of air leaving the heat recovery unit. If the air temperature at the coil outlet is less than the supply temperature, electrical heater is operated. The study is performed by TRNSYS software for the period of 1st of November to 31st of March. The ventilation system operates from 17:00 to 24:00 where a lower ambient temperature exists compared during the day period. The obtained results show that a ventilation system with solar assisted and heat recovery unit can considerably reduce ventilation energy consumption. The use of solar assisted ventilation system with heat recovery unit reduces energy consumption by 80% if it is compared with conventional ventilation system in which only an electrical heater operates. Furthermore, it is found that the design of ventilation systems without energy of electrical heater is possible. The study s performed by using weather data of Izmir city in Turkey. The supply temperature of fresh air is assumed as 22°C.Master Thesis The Use of Cell Polyurethane Foams in Air-Type Solar Collectors as the Heat Absorbing Element(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2006) Değirmencioğlu, Can; İlken, Zafer; İlken, Zafer; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyAfter the energy crisis in early 1970.s, the priority of alternative energy resources is expanded. There have been many researches, to increase the efficiency of solar energy utilization systems, for domestic and industrial usage since early 1980.s up to now. In many fields air-type solar collectors are applicable. They generally used in food industry to dry agricultural products, textile industry to dry fabrics and space heating. Drying grains (wheat, barley, maize, etc.), fruits (grape, fig, apricot etc.), vegetables, tea are examples for food industry. Greenhouse heating and hospital heating to obtain fresh air are examples of space heating. These examples show that improving their performance is indispensable for commercial acceptance. In this study, the open-cell polyurethane foam as an absorber material, placed in a south facing, flat plate air-type solar collector at fixed tilt angle and effect of this material on collector efficiency has been investigated. The collector designed specially, in order to get maximum heat gain from the useful solar intensity falling on the glazing and insulated to loose minimum heat from collector case and transfer channels. Collector is tested under the regulations of ASHRAE 93-1986 standard named .Methods of Testing to Determine The Thermal Performance of Solar Collectors.. Air passing through the collector has been provided by a fan. Tests are repeated with three air speeds 1.266 m/s, 1.5825 m/s and 1.899 m/s. Maximum average efficiency is calculated on 1.5825 m/s. Maximum average temperature difference of air between inlet and outlet sections observed on 1.266 m/s. Maximum outlet temperature that we get is on the same day with maximum average temperature difference.Master Thesis Measurement and Comparison of Solar Radiation Estimation Models for Izmir/Turkey: Izmir Institute of Technology Case(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Vecan, Didem; Özerdem, Barış; Özerdem, Mehmet Barış; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologySolar energy technologies offer a clean, renewable and domestic energy source, and are essential components of a sustainable energy in the future. Proper and adequate information on solar radiation and its components at a given location is very essential in the design of solar energy systems. Due to Turkey’s location, solar energy potential is abundantly available. Consequently, it is worth to examine and conduct research on the solar energy source. In this study, the global solar radiation data in Izmir were analyzed based on 3 years of global solar radiation data measured on a horizontal surface on the campus area of Izmir Institute of Technology. Actual data readings were made on a ten minute basis from January, 2005 to December, 2007. Monthly-average daily global radiation has been analyzed. A linear, a second-order and third order equations are designed for the calculation of the monthly-average daily global radiation in Izmir. The main objective is to estimate global solar radiation via models mentioned in the literature both for Turkey in general and for Izmir specifically; and to compare the results with the three new developed models. In addition to global solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation data were analyzed and proposed models for estimating the monthly average daily diffuse solar radiation, as well. Four new models were developed for diffuse solar radiation calculations and nine models from the literature have been used. In order to confirm the results, four statistical methods have been used namely; mean bias error (MBE), root mean square (RMSE), t-statistic and relative percentage error. According to the statistical evaluation, it may be concluded that the new polynomial equation predict the monthly-average daily global solar radiance better than other available models.