Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Screening for Industrially Important Extracellular Enzymes From Alkalophilic Bacillus Genus(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Akbalık, Güney; Yenidünya, Ali Fazıl; Yenidünya, Ali Fazıl; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyAlkalophilic Bacillus include industrially important species since they can produce many extracellular enzymes which are active and stable at high pH values.These alkaline enzymes (proteases, amylases, xylanases, cellulases, lipases and pectinases) find use in various field of industry such as leather, detergent, paper industries and waste water treatment.Isolation of diverse bacteria plays an important role in finding novel enzymes with improved characteristics. The aim of this study was therefore to screen for alkaline extracellular enzymes of alkalophilic Bacillus isolated from soil, horse feces and leather processing and to characterize these strains by phenotypic tests and by 16S-ITS rDNA based RFLP.At the end of the study, rod-shaped, endospore forming and Gram positive 116 strains were identified as Bacillus. Ten of the 116 strains were found to be obligate alkalophilic. 91 protease, 77 amylase, 18 xylanase, 3 cellulase, 74 pectinolytic enzyme (71 polygalacturonic acid degrading and 72 pectin degrading) and 55 lipase (41 Tween 20 hydrolyzing and 14 Tween 80 hydrolyzing) producing strains were obtained. Isolated and reference strains were classified into 18 groups in respect of the enzymes they produced.Two enzymes, Taq I and Hae III were used for 16S-ITS rDNA based RFLPanalysis. Both of the enzymes were found to be necessary for the discrimination of the strains. Reference strains were clustered into different groups by both Taq I and Hae III.Taq I digestion revealed 16 genotypic groups while Hae III revealed 15 different groups. And comparative analysis of the RFLP profiles of 116 isolates and 5 reference strains resulted in 26 genotypic groups.Master Thesis Isolation of Haloalkaliphilic Microorganisms From Leather Industry(İzmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Çoban, Hatice Sevgi; Yenidünya, A.Fazil; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyHaloalkalophiles are extremophilic microorganisms that are adapted to saline and alkaline conditions. Different species of them have been isolated so far from soda lakes and soil samples. Haloalkalophilic microorganisms have significant adaptive mechanisms to avoid denaturing effect of salts and to balance their interior pH. Extracellular enzymes that are produced by these halophilic and alkalophilic microorganism are applicable for industrial purposes. Therefore isolation of these organisms from their habitats and study on genotypic characterization constitute initial steps for furter biotechnological studies. In this study, processing steps of leather factories and their wastewater were chosen for sampling. In order to isolate target microorganisms Horikoshi-I medium including 12% NaCl was used. After isolation microorganisms were purified. Phenotypic tests were applied (Gram staining, catalase and oxidase behaviors, spore observation by phase contrast microscope, sensitivity to antibiotics and extracellular enzyme screenings). For genotypic characterization, genomic DNA was isolated and 16S-ITS rDNA region was amplified. Differentiation was achieved according to Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) method by using Hae III and Taq I endonucleases. Isolates, which represented the different RFLP patterns, were chosen for building up the haplotype groups. As a result of the study seven different RFLP haplotypes were identified.Moreover, 16S ribosomal DNA partial sequencing was also performed on some of the strains in. These haloalkalophilic microorganisms and their enzymes could be used in different biotechnological studies in the future for various industrial applications.