Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Esterification of Free Fatty Acid Obtained From Waste Cooking Oil Over Solid Catalyst(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Şeker, Erol; Şeker, Erol; Şeker, Erol; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe objective of this study was to investigate effect of reaction temperature, catalyst weight percentage and composition of Al2O3/SiO2 on conversion of FFA obtained from waste cooking oil (WCO) to take place esterification reaction by using Box-Behnken design. Statistical analysis demonstrates that catalyst weight percentage and temperature were insignificant statistically. Alumina composition was found as significant parameter at certain conditions by considering statistical analysis. It was seen that conversion of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) increases as composition of Al2O3 in Alumina/Silica catalyst increases. %80 Al2O3/20% SiO2 catalyst was found as promising catalyst since conversion of FFA with the catalyst was 32% at 80°C and 15:1 alcohol to FFA ratio. Besides, it was found that alcohol to FFA ratio affected the conversion reversely. When alcohol to FFA ratio was reduced to 2:1, conversion of FFA increased to 41%. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD and TPD analysis. Activity of catalysts were attributed to acidic strength and Bronsted acid sites on the aluminum sulfate in the catalysts. After screening effects of catalysts and reaction conditions, optimum levels of parameters were used to investigate the esterification reaction of model WCO. This reveals that conversion of FFA was found as 11% at 80°C and 15:1 alcohol to FFA ratio. Finally, the proposed catalyst does not have catalytic activity of hydrolysis reaction of oil at applied conditions.Master Thesis Development of Molecular Spectroscopic Multivariate Calibration Models for the Determination of Fatty Acid and Triachyl Glycerol Compositions of Olive Oils(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2014) Kuday, Esra; Özdemir, Durmuş; Özdemir, Durmuş; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe determination of fatty acid methyl esters and triachyl glycerol compositions of olive oils by chromatographic methods require not only sample pre treatment carried out but also extend the time of the analysis. Also, chromatographic methods are expensive. Therefore, there is a need for an alternative method. In this study, it is aimed to develop molecular spectroscopic multivariate calibration models for the determination of some of the fatty acid methyl esters and triachyl glycerol compositions of olive oils. For this purpose, 79 olive oil samples from different regions of Turkey (Manisa and Bursa) were collected and scanned with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy equipped with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) accessory, Fourier Transform Near Infrared spectroscopy (FTNIR) and Gas Chromatography (GC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Chromatographic analyses of these samples were done by Olive Oil Research Institute and spectroscopic analyses were done by our group. The data obtained from High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was chosen as a reference method for triachyl glycerol compositions and also the data obtained from Gas Chromatography (GC) was chosen as a reference method for fatty acid methyl esters. Also, Genetic inverse least squares (GILS) and Partial least square methods (PLS) were used for multivariate calibration. In conclusion, NIR and FTIR combined with multivariate calibration models can be more advantageous compare to chromatographic methods because of their simplicity and speed. When investigating the results, relatively successful calibration models were obtained from GILS method than PLS method.