Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Geothermal engineering

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Master Thesis
    Environmental Effects of Geothermal Applications Case Study: Balçova Geothermal Field
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Çakın, Ayça; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Direct application of geothermal energy can involve a wide variety of end uses, such asspace heating and cooling, industrial applications, greenhouses, fish farming, and health spas. It uses mostly existing technology and straightforward engineering. The technology, reliability, economics and environmental acceptability of direct use applications of geothermal energy have been demonstrated throughout the world.The use of geothermal energy is the minimum waste forming type of energy in the world. Geothermal energy is also considered cheap, sustainable and environmentally friendly when compared to the other energy resources.Turkey has abundant geothermal resources because of its location. In particular, İzmir-Balçova district heating system is one example of the high temperature district heating applications in Turkey exhibiting high geothermal potential.The objective of the Thesis is threefold, namely: (a) to determine the negative and positive environmental effects of Balçova Geothermal District Heating System, (b) to find out sources of contamination if pollution exists (c) to offer a solution to protect the public health.Contamination may occur in Balçova Geothermal Field in either water phase or soil phase. Therefore, a sampling program was developed in order to monitor the alterations in water. The sampling points were chosen in a way that Balçova District Heating System production wells, groundwater wells, and the irrigation points could all be monitored.In order to investigate the contamination of the region, several parameters including physical properties such as temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity; non-metallic constituents such as ammonia, boron, chloride, silica, sulfate; and metals and semi metals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium etc. were determined.The results of this study showed that all of the samples had bicarbonate alkalinity. The concentrations of the parameters were not constant during the monitoring study. This may be because of the nature of geothermal fluid. During the studying period, concentrations of many heavy metals were below the limit of detection of atomic spectrometric techniques used in the study. Wells T and I did not seem to be suitable for drinking and irrigation water, respectively.In order to determine the effects of Balçova District Heating System on physical environment, noise measurements were conducted. The results of noise measurements have shown higher values than the acceptable limits of Noise Control Regulation.
  • Master Thesis
    Economic Assessment Of Balçova-narlıdere Geothermal District Heating Systems
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Erdoğmuş, Abdullah Berkan; Özerdem, Barış; Özerdem, Mehmet Barış; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Development of a geothermal district heating system covers full range of activities from the determination of geothermal reservoir to the delivery of geothermal energy successfully. Economic assessments are come true in the early stages of geothermal developments. The goal of this thesis is to realize a detailed economic assessment for Balçova-Narlıdere Geothermal District Heating System (GDHS) which is one of the largest district heating systems in Turkey with its current heating capacity of 50 MWth. Tasks in geothermal district heating investments are looked over at the beginning to make a correct economic evaluation and make future development in this geothermal field easy under the discipline of project management. Internal rate of return method which is commonly used financial tool to find the profitability of investments is applied to this investment. The economic analysis begin with the calculation of end of 2002 values of capital investment costs, revenues and operating costs since the existence of past cash flows. Future operating costs are determined according to the yearly expenditures realized in 2002. Future revenues are determined in accordance with the capacity of current heating system and energy utilization prices valid in 2002-2003 heating season. If the sustainability of a resource is considered in the design, the prospective geothermal district heating system could be operated in a long period. However, long-term period projects contain economic uncertainties for the future cash flows. The overall life of Balçova-Narlıdere GDHS is considered as 20 years after year 2001 and uncertainties are considered in this study. Calculations are realized according to various scenarios in which operating costs are constant throughout 20 years. To determine these scenarios, operating costs in 2002 which reflects the current expenditures are either decreased or increased by some percentages. In addition, 60 different pricing plans have been taken into consideration in these scenarios to demonstrate the effects of energy utilization prices on the profitability of investment. The continuity of current price policy for Balçova-Narlıdere GDHS is discussed and energy utilization prices per 100 m2 are suggested for these scenarios. On the other hand, taxes paid to government in Balçova-Narlıdere GDHS investment are investigated to show the benefits of geothermal investments from the viewpoint of government. Because of the development in production of some equipment like heat exchangers, pipes and changing in marketing strategy, the costs of these equipment are reduced. At the end, internal rate of return method is repeated for the current cost of the investment. The energy utilization prices for 13 different scenarios are found for this situation and results are compared with the prices determined to meet the real cost of the investment.
  • Master Thesis
    Optimisation Of Balçova-narlıdere Geothermal District Heating System
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Şener, Adil Caner; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    The main goal of this study is to determine optimum control strategy of Balçova-Narlıdere geothermal district heating system to minimise the energy consumption. First heat demand model of the system was constructed by using statistical method called time series analysis. This model provides the heat demand forecast of next day, by considering ambient temperature forecast of the next day. Then geothermal pipeline system and city distribution system have been modelled in the PIPELAB district heating simulation program. To model the system close to the actual case, database of Balçova geothermal company was used as an input, and the code of PIPELAB program was adapted to be used in geothermal pipeline system. Once the sysem was modelled in PIPELAB, it would be possible to obtain pressure and temperature distribution along the pipe networks in the system. To determine the optimum operation strategy of the wells according to the changing heat demand first the energy consumption of each well pump was defined as a function of their heat production rate. Then these functions were inserted into dynamic programming algorithm which selects the optimum well operation strategy among thousands of options. Also power consumption models of circulation pumps were built and calibrated with actual values. Finally optimum control strategy for the system was determined and the system model was operated by using optimum control strategy according to ambient temperature data of 2001 and 2002. The acual energy consumption values were compared with the optimum energy consumption values and decisive factors in efficient control and operation of the system have been defined.
  • Master Thesis
    Financial Evaluation Of Kızıldere Geothermal Power Plant
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2010) Konyalı, Ayşe; Özkol, Ünver; Özkol, Ünver; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    A capacity increase is of concern in the Kızıldere Geothermal Power Plant-the first geothermal plant in Turkey. In this study, the feasibility of possible future investments in Kızıldere has been analyzed financially using methods such as internal rate of return, net present value, payback and benefit-cost. Two scenarios with different financial structures have been formed and both scenarios have been applied to 20MW, 40 MW, and 60 MW power plants. The choice among different alternatives has been made according to the unit energy cost, which is a significant parameter in power plants. The first scenario represents a government project which establishes the project finance on a debt ratio of 75%. The debt term has been taken as 12 years and the debt interest rate as 7%. In this scenario, unit energy cost has been estimated as 4,33 cent/kWh for 20 MW, 4,10 cent/kWh for 40 MW and finally 3,88 cent/kwh for 60 MW. The second scenario represents a private project with a debt ratio of 50%, where the debt term is 8 years and the debt interest rate is taken as 5%. As for the unit energy cost for this particular scenario, it has been estimated as 3.8 cent/ kWh, 3.59 cent/kWh and 3.40 cent/kWh for 20 MW, 40 MW and 60 MW respectively. Kızıldere geothermal Plant has been financially evaluated in this study and it has been concluded that although both scenarios are feasible, the best alternative is 60MW private project.