Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Groundwater

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  • Master Thesis
    Assessment of Groundwater Potential Using Geographic Information System Based Multi Criteria Decision Analysis Methods: Case Study of Panj Amu River Basin, Afghanistan
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Abhar, Mohammad Tarıq; Demirkesen, Ali Can; Baba, Alper
    Afghanistan, where water is the most important resource for energy production and the economy. The country still struggles with access to clean drinking water, and its main supply of drinking water comes from groundwater. Unfortunately, not much is known about the country's groundwater system. The assessment of groundwater potential and groundwater stability is crucial for sustainable water management, agricultural development, urban and rural water supply, and disaster mitigation. It supports environmental protection, economic development, public health, and conflict prevention by ensuring reliable and sustainable access to groundwater resources. In regions such as the Panj Amu River Basin, this identification is particularly important due to the high dependence on groundwater. Therefore, the thesis focuses on water budget, groundwater potential, availability, and the impact of various parameters on groundwater recharge of the PARB using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Frequency Ratio (FR) and Evidential Belief Function (EBF) methods. Ten thematic layers including precipitation, geology, lineament density, drainage density, soil texture, land use and land cover, topographic wetness index, curvature, normalized difference vegetation index and slope gradient were used as influencing factors along with groundwater static level data, runoff and evapotranspiration for this research work. All geographic datasets were analyzed using the ArcMap environment and the required spatial data were obtained from various approved relevant online sources. The water balance analysis for the Panj Amu River Basin indicates that 1.887 billion cubic meters' infiltrates into the groundwater system annually. The total annual groundwater consumption by humans, livestock and agricultural activities amounts to 808.19 million cubic meters. Consequently, the annual net groundwater budget in the basin is 1.078 billion cubic meters, suggesting that the groundwater system in the PARB is currently sustainable. All three methods indicate high groundwater potential in sparsely v populated mountainous regions with high rainfall and permeable geology and soil conditions. The key regions include the northeast of Takhar, the east and southeast of Baghlan and the northwest and east (some parts of the Wakhan corridor) of Badakhshan have high groundwater potential. In general, the Panj Amu River Basin has moderate groundwater potential. Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to validate the study. The results show that the EBF methods has the highest efficiency with an AUC of 92.6%, followed by the FR method with 91.5% and the AHP model with 80.2%.
  • Master Thesis
    Hec Hms Hydrological Model Application Using Scs Curve Number and Soil Moisture Accounting: Case Study of Alaşehir Basin
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Akdeğirmen, Özgün; Baba, Alper; Tayfur, Gökmen
    Water is known as source of life throughout mankind’s history. According to first records of written history; Sumerians and Akkadians used water for their inland transportation and irrigation systems. With first settlements, mankind’s dependency to water has been increased and became one of the most substantial natural resource in our modern age. Importance of this resource even more solidifies when we consider its property of being limited. With realization of global climate change in early 19th century; treat to this limited resource has been revealed. Approximately 68% of the freshwater on earth reserved in glaciers and icecaps and 30% is reserved in groundwater systems according to United States Geological Survey’s (USGS) studies. Owing to the quantity and less compromised to contaminants nature, majority of our freshwater needs met from groundwater. Although the importance of groundwater, its management have always been a challenge due to hard to quantify volumetric changings in aquifers. This study focused on creating a hydrological basin model to investigate volumetric recharge changings in groundwater system. Under scope of this study in an attempt to acquire groundwater recharge amounts; practicality of HEC-HMS hydrological modeling software has been investigated. A SCS Curve Number and Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) loss methods has been chosen for HEC-HMS modeling application due to availability and accessibility of data that required for loss methods. After data collection from meteorological stations, core drill samples; both methods have been used in HEC-HMS simulation environment and their predictions have been compared. In the comparisons, it was determined that the SCS Curve Number method predicts higher flow potentials and groundwater infiltration amounts compared to the SMA method. Models foresee an average of 33.4 % of precipitation infiltrates into groundwater system.
  • Master Thesis
    Investigation of Vegetation and Agricutural Soils in Relation To Groundwater by Using Geographic Information Systems (gis): a Case Study of Manisa, Alaşehir Basin
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Budak, Seda; Demirkesen, Ali Can
    Groundwater is a natural resource that is directly or indirectly affected by any intervention in nature that we use in all areas of our life. In this sense, the issue of the groundwater is a study-subject that interests many professions and researches. Urban planning is a profession area that is directly related to the groundwater issues as decision-making on spatial and functional decisions about the city and the natural environment. However, groundwater resources are not taken into account as aboveground natural resources during the planning phase. Plans without consideration of groundwater potential cause threatening consequences for both existing natural resources and residents in the region. For this reason, the focus point of the thesis is the groundwater and its determination and investigation of relationship among the groundwater, vegetation, and agricultural soils. The aim of this thesis is to determine the groundwater potential (GWP) locations of Alaşehir Basin by a multi-criteria (proxies) method based on Geographic Information System (GIS) integrated with Remote Sensing (RS). The method used in this study includes 10 proxies as mult-criteria that play important roles on determination of the potential of the groundwater, combining these proxies in a digital media and illustrating output image maps of them. These proxies are: Normalized Difference Vegitation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), land-use land-cover (LULC), lineament, topography (Digital Elevation Model – DEM), slope, drainage, lithology, hydraulic conductivity, and soil types. The main data sources of the study are: Landsat-8 OLI multi-spetral satellite image bands, the Aster Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area and the GIS data layers from the institutions and research studies. According to study, the most GWP locations are seen in northeast of Salihli, in southeast of Alaşehir and around Dereköy. This findings are so important for planning in terms of groundwater pollution risk management.
  • Master Thesis
    Natural Groundwater Recharge in the Alaşehir Sub-Basin (gediz Basin, Turkey)
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Tonkul, Serhat; Baba, Alper; Şimşek, Celalettin
    The increase in water utilization due to climate change in recent years, as well as excessively growing population causes to an increase in usage of groundwater and threatens water resources. Dams and artificial lakes are being constructed to ensure the sustainability of water resources, but there is much evaporation on large surface of these structures. Due to reason that the evaporation losses are not experienced, the groundwater recharge by direct rainfall becomes important. Groundwater recharge protects the water without too much evaporation in the basins and increases the potential of water resources and ensures sustainability. The aim of this study is to determine alluvial aquifer recharge in Alaşehir (Manisa) sub-basin using numerical and chemical methods. In addition to this aim, the mechanism of mixing of groundwater and geothermal fluid has also been examined. The Gediz Basin, located in the west of Turkey constitutes 2% of the country, has an important groundwater potential in the area where it is used. The Alasehir sub-basin, located in the southeast of the Gediz Basin and having extensive withdrawal for irrigation, constitutes the study area. Alluvial aquifer is the main groundwater bearing lithological unit in the plain. Twenty-five research wells, which is ranging from 20 m to 50 m in depth, were opened for the calculation of the recharge of the aquifer. Soil characterization was done on the core samples and the aquifer characterization was performed and the alluvial aquifer recharge was calculated. As a result, the recharge value of annual precipitation is range from 21.78 mm to 68.52 mm and average recharge from precipitation is 43.09 mm in the wells which are opened into the alluvium aquifer. According to the numerical model, this amount of recharge corresponds to 10% of the amount of annual rainfall. This estimated recharge ratio directly represents recharge from precipitation into the aquifer. According to the results of the chemical method, it is understood that the average recharge value from precipitation is 16.38%. In addition, the mixing ratio of the groundwater and geothermal fluid is 17% in the sub-basin. Keywords Aquifer Characterization, Alaşehir, Precipitation Recharge, Numerical Modelling