Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008
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Master Thesis Determination of Hydrocarbon Composition of Naphtha by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020) Şentürk, Selahattin; Özdemir, DurmuşAccurate monitoring of the charging and output of the refinery unit is required. These direct refineries need to provide a quick response to posts on crude oil compositions or directions to their latest request. Determining the physical properties of the intermediate products of the crude oil unit in the refinery based on conventional analytical methods requires time consuming and expensive processes. At this stage, multivariate calibration techniques, creating models that can replace conventional analysis methods and obtaining results using fast spectroscopic analysis. For this study, multivariate calibration techniques were used to determine the hydrocarbons in the naphtha product from crude oil distillation column. The results were evaluated by comparing with using the reference conventional method results. Parameters are Aromatics, Olefins, Benzene, Naphthenes, Paraffins, C7Plus (the sum of compounds with more than 7 carbons) and C6Minus (the sum of compounds with less than 6 carbons). Samples were analyzed by Fourier transform near infrared region spectroscopy between 10000 cm-1- 4000 cm-1 wavenumbers. Calibration models were obtained by partial least squares and genetic inverse least squares methods. Using these models, the relevant parameters for the validation set samples were estimated and compared statistically with the values of the reference analysis methods. The results has been indicated that parameters has been successfully modelled with R2 range from 0.917 to 0.998 for LSRN samples and R2 range from 0.963 to 0.996 for HSRN samplesMaster Thesis Effects of Dimethyl Ether on N-Butane Oxidation(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Bekat, Tuğçe; İnal, FikretEffects of dimethyl ether on the oxidation of n-butane were investigated using Detailed Chemical Kinetic Modeling approach. Oxidation process was carried out in a tubular reactor under laminar flow conditions. The formations of various oxidation products, especially toxic species were investigated for the addition of dimethyl ether in different mole fractions to n-butane. Pure dimethyl ether oxidation was also investigated for comparison. Pure dimethyl ether oxidation resulted in lower mole fractions of carbon monoxide, methane, acetaldehyde and aromatic species, but higher mole fractions of formaldehyde when compared to pure n-butane oxidation. The addition of dimethyl ether to n-butane in different mole fractions was observed to decrease mole fractions of acetaldehyde and aromatic species and increase the mole fraction of formaldehyde, while other toxic species investigated were not affected significantly. The effects of three important process parameters on the formations of oxidation products were also investigated. Inlet temperatures between 500 and 1700 K, pressures of 1 and 5 atm, and equivalence ratios of 2.6 and 3.0 were studied. Increasing pressure and equivalence ratio were observed to increase the mole fractions of toxic species in general. The effect of temperature was more complicated depending on the species and the temperature interval. Reaction path analysis indicated that the most important precursors playing role in the formation of the first ring benzene were acetylene, ethylene, propargyl, allene, allyl, propene and fulvene during n-butane/dimethyl ether oxidation. Finally, a skeletal chemical kinetic mechanism was developed and validated for the oxidation of n-butane/dimethyl ether mixture.